Author: Jessica.F

Comparative analysis of eastern and western drying-oil binding media used in polychromic artworks by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry under the influence of pigments was written by Wang, Na;He, Ling;Zhao, Xiang;Simon, Stefan. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2015.Product Details of 106-79-6 This article mentions the following:

The mostly used drying-oils as binding media in historical artworks of eastern tung-oil and western linseed-oil, poppy-oil, walnut-oil are comparatively identified by online methylated pyrolysis-gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Based on the anal. of un-pigmented and pigmented reference samples after treated by natural aging, hydro-thermal aging and UV aging, resp., the characteristic pyrolysis products of all drying-oils are classed into mono-carboxylic acids (C6-8, 14, 16, 18, 20), di-carboxylic acids (2C6-12), glycerol, erythritol, 2-tridecanone, 8-hydroxy-octanoic acid, 3-octyl-oxiraneoctanoic acid and 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenoic acid. Both benzene derivative and 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid are suggested as the marked components for distinguishing eastern and western drying-oil. The investigated pigments of malachite, cinnabar, azurite and ochre do not show obvious influence on the detection of characteristic pyrolysis products of drying-oil, but they are proved to accelerate the aging and hydrolyzing rate of drying-oil, especially the pigment of cinnabar. The established online methylated Py-GC/MS procedure and the summarized data have been successfully applied on the identification of raw tung-oil and boiled tung-oil in historical painting samples collected from Drum Tower (Ming Dynasty), Bell Tower (Ming Dynasty), and Thousand-Buddha Cliff Grotto (Tang Dynasty). It is believed that the established Py-GC/MS procedure is able to provide wide application in archeol. research. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Product Details of 106-79-6).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Product Details of 106-79-6

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Expedient synthesis of biologically important sulfonylmethyl pyrimidines was written by Blades, Kevin;Demeritt, Julie;Fillery, Shaun;Foote, Kevin M.;Greenwood, Ryan;Gregson, Clare;Hassall, Lorraine A.;McGuire, Thomas M.;Pike, Kurt G.;Williams, Emma. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2014.Safety of Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

Two novel synthetic strategies that allow rapid diversification of the sulfone moiety in sulfonylmethyl pyrimidines, a class of compounds with a wide range of biol. activity, which are of interest in a wide variety of drug discovery programs, are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate (cas: 62020-09-1Safety of Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate).

Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate (cas: 62020-09-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Safety of Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of key odorants in Langyatai Baijiu with Jian flavour by sensory-directed analysis was written by Du, Jingyi;Li, Yueming;Xu, Jianchun;Huang, Mingquan;Wang, Juan;Chao, Jinfu;Wu, Jihong;Sun, Huibin;Ding, Haimei;Ye, Hong. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

A study was carried out to determine systematically the key aroma-active compounds of Langyatai Baijiu with Jian flavor (LBJF) using sensory omics anal. (SOA). A total of 56 odorants were screened out using gas chromatog.-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS)/Osme anal. Among them, 15 aroma-active components were first identified. After quantitation, 30 odorants had odor activity values (OAVs) > 1.0 in LBJF. Recombinant and omission experiments proved that the esters, alcs., acids, especially Et hexanoate, gamma-nonalactone, and di-Me trisulfide, were critical to the flavor of LBJF. The basic and com. liquors had obvious differences in the skeleton compositions of esters and acids. This study uncovers the characteristics of Jian flavor Baijiu (JFB) and provides a scientific basis for the quality control of JFB, which is helpful for the development of Chinese Baijiu flavor styles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Reference of 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Creation through Immobilization: A New Family of High Performance Heterogeneous Bifunctional Iminophosphorane (BIMP) Superbase Organocatalysts was written by Goldys, Anna M.;Nunez, Marta G.;Dixon, Darren J.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.SDS of cas: 10203-58-4 This article mentions the following:

An immobilized chiral bifunctional iminophosphorane superbase organocatalyst I has been developed and applied in a range of challenging enantioselective reactions. A unique feature of this novel catalytic system is that the final step creation of the iminophosphorane occurs at the point of immobilization. The utility of the immobilized catalyst system was demonstrated in the nitro-Mannich reaction of ketimines as well as the conjugate addition of high pK_a 1,3-dicarbonyl pro-nucleophiles to nitrostyrene. Catalyst recycling was also demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4SDS of cas: 10203-58-4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.SDS of cas: 10203-58-4

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of fatty acids on the flavor formation of fish sauce was written by Ding, Anzi;Zhu, Meng;Qian, Xiaoqing;Shi, Liu;Huang, Huang;Xiong, Guangquan;Wang, Jun;Wang, Lan. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2020.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

An appropriate fish model helps track changes of lipid and fatty acid during fermentation Here we selected three freshwater fish (Culter alburnus, Carassius auratus and Ietalurus Punetaus) as the fermentative materials of fish sauce due to their significantly different contents of lipid and unsaturated fatty acid. The electronic nose showed that the flavor profiles of sauce samples prepared with different fish were dramatically different. A total of 71 volatile compounds of fish sauce were detected by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Then nine key flavor compounds, including 3-methylbutanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 1-octen-3-ol, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, di-Me trisulfide, decanal and hexanol, were screened based on odor activity values. According to correlation anal. between fatty acid profiles and fish sauce aroma, possible pathways of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) oxidation were suggested: oleic acid undergone the auto-oxidation to mainly form 10- hydroperoxide and 11- hydroperoxide, and (or) secondary form 8-hydroperoxide, then converted to nonanal, octanal and decanal; linoleic acid undergone the enzymic oxidation to form 10-L(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadieuoic acid, then converted to 1-octen-3-ol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Synthetic Route of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optimization of a new polymeric chromium (III) membrane electrode based on methyl violet by using experimental design was written by Kazemi, Sayed Yahya;Hamidi, Akram sadat;Asanjarani, Neda;Zolgharnein, Javad. And the article was included in Talanta in 2010.Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

Placket-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were applied as exptl. design strategies to screen and optimize the influence of membrane ingredients on the electrode performance. A new poly(vinyl chloride) membrane sensor for Cr(III) based on Methyl violet as an ionophore was planned. The major variables to find a model for achieving the best Nernstian slope as response were: PVC, plasticizers, Methyl violet, KpClTPB, pH, conditioning time and internal solution concentration Placket-Burman design was used to screen the main factors and Box-Behnken response surface was led to find a model for optimizing the response. The optimized membrane electrode shows a Nernstian slope for chromium (III) ions over a wide linear range from 1.99 × 10^-6 to 3.16 × 10^-2 mol L^-1 and a slope of 19.5 ± 0.1 mV decade^-1 of activity. It would be successfully applied in the pH range from 3.5 to 6.5 with detection limit of 1.77 × 10^-6 mol L^-1 (0.092 mg L^-1). The response time of the sensor is ∼8 s and the membrane can be used for >6 wk without any deviation. The relative standard deviations (relative standard deviation) for six replicate the measurements of 1.0 × 10^-4 and 1.0 × 10^-3 mol L^-1 of Cr(III) were 3.2 and 3%, resp. The electrode revealed comparatively good selectivity with respect to many cations including alkali earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The electrode was successfully used as an indicator in the potentiometric titration of Cr(III) with EDTA and was also applied to the direct determination chromium (III) content of spiked water and soil samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibition of major groove DNA binding bZIP proteins by positive patch polyamides was written by Bremer, R. E.;Wurtz, N. R.;Szewczyk, J. W.;Dervan, P. B.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2001.SDS of cas: 5930-92-7 This article mentions the following:

Cell permeable synthetic ligands that bind to predetermined DNA sequences offer a chem. approach to gene regulation, provided inhibition of a broad range of DNA transcription factors can be achieved. DNA minor groove binding polyamides containing aminoalkyl substituents at the N-1 of a single pyrrole residue display inhibitory effects for a bZIP protein which binds exclusively in the DNA major groove. For major groove protein inhibition, specific protein-DNA contacts along the phosphate backbone were targeted with the pos. charged dimethylamino substituent on the backbone of a minor groove binding polyamide hairpin. Remarkably, these polyamides bind DNA with enhanced affinity and uncompromised specificity when compared to polyamides with the aminoalkyl moiety at the C-terminus. By adding bZIP transcription factors to the class of protein-DNA complexes that can be disrupted by minor groove binding ligands, these results may increase the functional utility of polyamides as regulators of gene expression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7SDS of cas: 5930-92-7).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.SDS of cas: 5930-92-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-oxy-4-pyridyl)isoxazol-5(2H)-one was written by Margutti, Simona;Schollmeyer, Dieter;Laufer, Stefan. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2008.Quality Control of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

The crystal structure of 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-(1-oxy-4-pyridyl)isoxazol-5(2H)-one, C₁₅H₁₁FN₂O₃, was determined as part of a study on the biol. activity of isoxazolone derivatives as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. The dihedral angles between rings are isoxazole/benzene = 55.0(3)°, isoxazole/pyridine = 33.8(2)° and benzene/pyridine = 58.1(2)°. Crystallog. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Quality Control of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Triazole Ureas Act as Diacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors and Prevent Fasting-Induced Refeeding was written by Deng, Hui;Kooijman, Sander;van den Nieuwendijk, Adrianus M. C. H.;Ogasawara, Daisuke;van der Wel, Tom;van Dalen, Floris;Baggelaar, Marc P.;Janssen, Freek J.;van den Berg, Richard J. B. H. N.;den Dulk, Hans;Cravatt, Benjamin F.;Overkleeft, Herman S.;Rensen, Patrick C. N.;van der Stelt, Mario. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Product Details of 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

Triazole ureas constitute a versatile class of irreversible inhibitors that target serine hydrolases in both cells and animal models. We have previously reported that triazole ureas can act as selective and CNS-active inhibitors for diacylglycerol lipases (DAGLs), enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) that activates cannabinoid CB₁ receptor. Here, we report the enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies. We found that 2,4-substituted triazole ureas with a biphenylmethanol group provided the most optimal scaffold. Introduction of a chiral ether substituent on the 5-position of the piperidine ring provided ultrapotent inhibitor I (DH376) with picomolar activity. Compound I temporarily reduces fasting-induced refeeding of mice, thereby emulating the effect of cannabinoid CB₁-receptor inverse agonists. This was mirrored by II (DO34) but also by the neg. control compound III (DO53) (which does not inhibit DAGL), which indicates the triazole ureas may affect the energy balance in mice through multiple mol. targets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Product Details of 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines containing methyl iso-branched fatty acids. 1. Differential scanning calorimetric studies was written by Lewis, Ruthven N. A. H.;McElhaney, Ronald N.. And the article was included in Biochemistry in 1985.Reference of 3903-40-0 This article mentions the following:

The thermotropic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) containing 1 of a series of Me iso-branched fatty acyl chains was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. These compounds exhibited a complex phase behavior on heating which included 2 endothermic events, a gel/gel transition, involving a mol. packing rearrangement between 2 gel-state forms, and a gel/liquid-crystalline phase transition, involving the melting of the hydrocarbon chains. The gel/liquid-crystalline transition was a relatively fast, highly cooperative process which exhibited a lower transition temperature and enthalpy than did the chain-melting transitions of saturated straight-chain PCs of similar acyl chain length. In addition, the gel/liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature was relatively insensitive to the composition of the aqueous phase. In contrast, the gel/gel transition is a slow process of lower cooperativity than the gel-liquid-crystalline phase transition and is sensitive to the composition of the bulk aqueous phase. The gel/gel transitions of the Me iso-branched PCs had very different thermodn. properties and depended in a different way on hydrocarbon chain length than did either the subtransitions or the pretransitions observed with linear saturated PCs. The gel/gel and gel/liquid-crystalline transitions were apparently concomitant for the shorter-chain iso-branched PCs, but diverged on the temperature scale with increasing chain length, with a pronounced odd/even alternation of the characteristic temperatures of the gel/gel transition. The observations were be rationalized by assuming that the stable conformation characteristic of these lipids at temperatures below the gel/gel transition temperature and their conformation in the liquid-crystalline state are such that direct interconversions between the 2 states is improbable and that such interconversions must proceed via an intermediate state or states. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0Reference of 3903-40-0).

12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 3903-40-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics