Author: Jessica.F

Le Pogam, Pierre;Boustie, Joel;Richomme, Pascal;Denis, Antoine;Schinkovitz, Andreas published 《The inherent matrix properties of lichen metabolites in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry》 in 2017. The article was appeared in 《Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry》. They have made some progress in their research.Name: Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate The article mentions the following:

Light-absorbing secondary metabolites from lichens were recently reported to exhibit promising Laser Desorption Ionization (LDI) properties, enabling their direct detection from crude lichen extracts In addition, many of them display close structural homologies to com. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) matrixes, which is incentive for the evaluation of their matrical properties. The current study systematically evaluated the matrix effects of several structural classes of lichen metabolites: monoarom. compounds, quinone derivatives, dibenzofuran-related mols. and the shikimate-derived vulpinic acid. Their matrical properties were tested against a wide range of structurally diverse analytes including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids and peptides. Triplicate automatic pos.-ion mode MALDI analyses were carried out and ionization efficiencies were compared with those of structurally related reference matrixes (i.e. DHB, HCCA, dithranol and usnic acid) in terms of (1) analyte absolute intensities and (2) Matrix Suppressing Effect (MSE) scores. Monoarom. lichen metabolites revealed matrical properties similar to those of DHB when obtained under comparable exptl. conditions. Likewise, anthraquinone metabolites triggered ionization of tested analytes in a similar way to the structurally related dithranol. Finally, dibenzofuran derivatives displayed a broad ionization profile, reminiscent of that of (+)-usnic acid. Thus, lichen metabolites exhibit interesting MALDI matrix properties, especially for medium and low mol. weight analytes. For many of the tested mols., matrix ion formation was very limited. This proof-of-concept study paves the way for follow-up studies to assess the matrix properties of lichen metabolites against a wider array of analytes as well as adapting exptl. settings to individually optimize the performance of successfully tested candidates. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) .

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Name: Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate

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Liu, Bing-Lei;Hu, Xin;He, Hua-Liang;Qiu, Lin;Li, You-Zhi;Ding, Wen-Bing published 《A new epicatechin glucopyranoside derivative from Styrax suberifolius》. The research results were published in《Natural Product Research》 in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The article conveys some information:

A new derivative of epicatechin glucopyranoside, (2R,3R)-3,7,4′-trihydroxy-5,3′-dimethoxyflavan 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with three mononuclear phenolic acid esters, Me orsellinate (2), Et orsellinate (3) and Me β-orcinolcarboxylate (4) were isolated from the bark of Styrax suberifolius. The structures of 1-4 were determined on the basis of extensive anal. of NMR and MS spectra combined with chem. hydrolysis. The antifungal activities of the isolated compounds against three plant pathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Phomopsis cytospore were evaluated using radial growth inhibition assay. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 exerted selective inhibitory activities against the tested fungi. Among of them, Me β-orcinolcarboxylate (4) exhibited obvious inhibitory effect against P. cytospore, with an inhibition rate of 86.72% at 100μg/mL. To complete the study, the researchers used Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) .

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

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Mun, Seul-Ki;Kang, Kyung-Yun;Jang, Ho-Yeol;Hwang, Yun-Ho;Hong, Seong-Gyeol;Kim, Su-Jin;Cho, Hyun-Wook;Chang, Dong-Jo;Hur, Jae-Seoun;Yee, Sung-Tae published 《Atraric acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse models》 in 2020. The article was appeared in 《International Journal of Molecular Sciences》. They have made some progress in their research.HPLC of Formula: 4707-47-5 The article mentions the following:

Lichens, composite organisms resulting from the symbiotic association between the fungi and algae, produce a variety of secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacol. activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the secondary metabolite atraric acid produced by Heterodermia hypoleuca. The results confirmed that atraric acid could regulate induced pro-inflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, induced nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, atraric acid downregulated the expression of phosphorylated IκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory effect of atraric acid during LPS-induced endotoxin shock in a mouse model was confirmed. In the atraric acid treated-group, cytokine production was decreased in the peritoneum and serum, and each organ damaged by LPS-stimulation was recovered. These results indicate that atraric acid has an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be the underlying mol. mechanism involved in the inactivation of the ERK/NFκB signaling pathway, demonstrating its potential therapeutic value for treating inflammatory diseases. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) .

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.HPLC of Formula: 4707-47-5

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Pedragosa-Moreau, Sandrine;Le Flohic, Alexandre;Thienpondt, Vivien;Lefoulon, Francois;Petit, Anne-Marie;Rios-Lombardia, Nicolas;Moris, Francisco;Gonzalez-Sabin, Javier published 《Exploiting the Biocatalytic Toolbox for the Asymmetric Synthesis of the Heart-Rate Reducing Agent Ivabradine》. The research results were published in《Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis》 in 2017.Application In Synthesis of 1-Phenylethyl acetate The article conveys some information:

Several chemoenzymic routes have been evaluated for the production of the heart-rate reducing agent ivabradine. Lipases and ω-transaminases have been identified as useful biocatalysts for the preparation of key enantiopure precursors. The lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution by alkoxycarbonylation of a racemic primary amine and subsequent chem. reduction of the resulting carbamate provided an N-methylated (S)-amine, one step away from ivabradine. Alternatively, the dynamic kinetic resolution by asym. bioamination of an aldehyde precursor enabled, in a four-step sequence, the preparative scale synthesis of enantiopure ivabradine in 50% overall yield.1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Application In Synthesis of 1-Phenylethyl acetate It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation.

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Taritla, Sidhartha;Kumari, Madhuree;Kamat, Siya;Bhat, Sarita G.;Jayabaskaran, C. published 《Optimization of physicochemical parameters for production of cytotoxic secondary metabolites and apoptosis induction activities in the culture extract of a marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.》. The research results were published in《Frontiers in Pharmacology》 in 2021.Reference of 1-Phenylethyl acetate The article conveys some information:

The endophytic fungal community in the marine ecosystem has been demonstrated to be relevant source of novel and pharmacol. active secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptosis induction potential in the culture extracts of endophytic fungi associated with Sargassum muticum, a marine brown alga. The cytotoxicity of the four marine endophytes, Aspergillus sp., Nigrospora sphaerica, Talaromyces purpureogenus, and Talaromyces stipitatus, was evaluated by the MTT assay on HeLa cells. Further, several physicochem. parameters, including growth curve, culture media, and organic solvents, were optimized for enhanced cytotoxic activity of the selected extract The Aspergillus sp. Et acetate extract (ASE) showed maximum cytotoxicity on multiple cancer cell lines. Chem. investigation of the metabolites by gas chromatog.-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed the presence of several compounds, including quinoline, indole, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, and hexadecenoic acid, known to be cytotoxic in ASE. The ASE was then tested for cytotoxicity in vitro on a panel of six human cancer cell lines, namely, HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), Hep G2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), A-549 (lung carcinoma), A-431 (skin/epidermis carcinoma), and LN-229 (glioblastoma). HeLa cells were most vulnerable to ASE treatment with an IC₅₀ value of 24 ± 2 μg/mL. The mechanism of cytotoxicity exhibited by the ASE was further investigated on Hela cells. The results showed that the ASE was capable of inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells through production of reactive oxygen species, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, and activation of the caspase-3 pathway, which shows a possible activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. It also arrested the HeLa cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, eventually leading to apoptosis. Through this study, we add to the knowledge about the marine algae associated with fungal endophytes and report its potential for purifying specific compounds responsible for cytotoxicity. And 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) was used in the research process.

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Reference of 1-Phenylethyl acetate It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid.

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Pham, Ly L.;Truong, Lisa;Ouedraogo, Gladys;Loisel-Joubert, Sophie;Martin, Matthew T.;Paul Friedman, Katie published 《Profiling 58 compounds including cosmetic-relevant chemicals using ToxRefDB and ToxCast》. The research results were published in《Food and Chemical Toxicology》 in 2019.Name: 1-Phenylethyl acetate The article conveys some information:

This work suggests that NAMs for bioactivity may inform a conservative point-of-departure estimate for diverse CRCs. For 17 of the 58 CRCs, high-throughput toxicokinetic data were used to calculate administered equivalent doses (AEDs) in mg/kg/day units for the in vitro bioactivity observed, and these AEDs served as conservative estimators of the systemic LELs observed in vivo. In terms of both target organ effects and study type, the median of the lowest effect level (LEL) doses in ToxRefDB for CRCs tended to be slightly higher than the median for the remaining 928 chems. with study data in ToxRefDB, though the ranges of LELs were similar. CRCs were diverse in use types as suggested by broad chem. use categories. To demonstrate NAMs for safety assessment, we surveyed in vitro bioactivity and in vivo systemic toxicity data in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) and Toxicity Reference databases (ToxRefDB), resp., for 58 chems. identified as CRCs, including cosmetic ingredients as well as trace contaminants. Safety assessment for cosmetic-relevant chems. (CRCs) in the European Union has been reshaped by restrictions on animal testing, and new approach methodologies (NAMs) for predicting toxicity are critical to ensure new cosmetic product safety. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) .

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Name: 1-Phenylethyl acetate It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid.

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Related Products of 93-92-5In 2020, Zarini, Daniele;Sangion, Alessandro;Ferri, Emanuele;Caruso, Enrico;Zucchi, Sara;Orro, Alessandro;Papa, Ester published 《Are In Silico Approaches Applicable As a First Step for the Prediction of e-Liquid Toxicity in e-Cigarettes?》. 《Chemical Research in Toxicology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Recent studies have raised concerns about e-cigarette liquid inhalation toxicity by reporting the presence of chems. with European Union CLP toxicity classification. In this scenario, the regulatory context is still developing and is not yet up to date with vaping current reality. Due to the paucity of toxicol. studies, robust data regarding which components in tent. In this study we applied computational methods for studied chems. as a useful tool for predicting the acute toxicity of chems. contained in e-liquids The purpose of t the potential health concerns associated with e-liquid ingredients, (b) to prioritize e-liquid ingredients by calculating the e-tox index, and (c) to estimate acute toxicity of e-liquid mixtures QSAR models were generated using QSARINS software to fill the acute toxicity data gap of 264 e-liquid ingredients. As a second step, the potential acute toxicity of e-liquids mixtures was evaluated. Our preliminary data suggest that a computational approa serve as a roadmap to enable regulatory bodies to better regulate e-liquid composition and to contribute to consumer health protection. To complete the study, the researchers used 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) .

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Related Products of 93-92-5 It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Martinez-Cutillas, Alfredo;Leon, Salvador;Oh, Sejin;Martinez de Ilarduya, Antxon published 《Enzymatic recycling of polymacrolactones》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Polymer Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Quality Control of Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one The article mentions the following:

The use of renewable monomers to make new polyesters which could replace the ones obtained from petrochem. resources employing green processes is attracting a lot of attention these days. With this in mind, three different macrolactones, ω-pentadecalactone, globalide and 6-hexadecenlactone, have been polymerized in bulk by enzymic ring opening polymerization (e-ROP) using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B to give their corresponding polymacrolactones (PMLs). For the first time, these PMLs have been depolymerized enzymically in solution with the concourse of the same enzyme and at mild temperatures GPC, NMR and ESI MS demonstrated that the main products recovered after the enzymic processive recycling were cyclic monomers and dimers, with a small amount of higher size macrocyclic oligoesters (MCOs). It was observed that these depolymerizations followed a Michaelis-Menten kinetic model. Finally it was shown that these MCOs could be repolymd. This research provides a biosynthetic method for chem. recycling of these interesting polymeric materials providing a pathway towards a circular economy. And Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) was used in the research process.

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica and Angelica archangelica.Quality Control of Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one It is a macrocyclic lactone that can be used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient due to its musk flavor/odor.

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Computed Properties of C15H28O2《Phytochemical profile and biological activity of endemic Sideritis sipylea Boiss. in North Aegean Greek islands》 was published in 2020. The authors were Axiotis, Evangelos;Petrakis, Eleftherios A.;Halabalaki, Maria;Mitakou, Sofia, and the article was included in《Molecules》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Sideritis sipylea Boiss. is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean basin that is distributed in the Greek islands of the North Aegean Sea, i.e., Lesvos, Chios, Samos, and Ikaria, and in the West and Middle peninsula of Turkey. It is considered an endangered species because of its uncontrolled collection from its original habitat. Although the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties have been previously reported, the total chem. profile has not yet been explored. In this context, the chem. profiles of the water/methanol (HA), methanol (ME), and Et acetate (EtOAc) extracts were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatog. coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). In parallel, anal. by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the dichloromethane extract (DCM) as well as for the essential oil (EO) and the extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Furthermore, the total phenolic content (TPC) along with the in vitro tyrosinase and elastase enzyme inhibitory activity of different extracts was evaluated, towards the discovery of new active agents for cosmetic formulations. These activities are in accordance with its well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, confirming the importance of ethnopharmacol. references for S. sipylea in Greece and Turkey. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) .

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica and Angelica archangelica.Computed Properties of C15H28O2 It is a macrocyclic lactone that can be used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient due to its musk flavor/odor.

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Synthetic Route of C15H28O2《Polymeric nanoparticles for the delivery of miRNA to treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)》 was published in 2019. The authors were Mohamed, Adel;Kunda, Nitesh K.;Ross, Kehinde;Hutcheon, Gillian A.;Saleem, Imran Y., and the article was included in《European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

RNA interference (RNAi) based therapeutics are considered an endogenous mechanism for modulating gene expression. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) may be tractable targets for the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). In this study miR146a was adsorbed onto poly (glycerol adipate-co-ω-pentadecalactone), PGA-co-PDL, nanoparticles (NPs) to reduce target gene IRAK1 expression. NPs were prepared using an oil-in-water single emulsion solvent evaporation method incorporating cationic lipid dioleoyltrimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP). This resulted in NPs of 244.80 ± 4.40 nm at 15% DOTAP concentration, zeta potential (ZP) of +14.8 ± 0.26 mV and miR-146a (40μg/mL) maximum adsorption onto 15% DOTAP NPs was 36.25 ± 0.35μg per 10 mg NP following 24 h incubation. Using the MTT assay, it was observed that over 75% at 0.312 mg/mL of A549 cells remained viable after 18 h exposure to cationic NPs at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the in vitro release profile of miR-146a from loaded NPs showed a continuous release up to 77% after 24 h. Internalization of miR-146a loaded cationic NPs was observed in A549 cell lines using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. The miR146a delivered as miR-146a-NPs had a dose dependent effect of highest NPs concentrations 0.321 and 0.625 mg/mL and reduced target gene IRAK1 expression to 40%. In addition, IL-8 promoter reporter output (GFP) was dampened by miR-146a-NPs. In conclusion, miR-146a was successfully adsorbed onto PGA-co-PDL-DOTAP NPs and the miR-146a retained biol. activity. Therefore, these results demonstrate the potential of PGA-co-PDL NPs as a delivery system for miR-146a to treat COPD. To complete the study, the researchers used Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) .

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a monomer used to make PGA-co-pentadecalactone polymers to be used in the development of directly compressed prolonged release tablets of slightly soluble drugs such as ketoprofen.Synthetic Route of C15H28O2It may be used for the synthesis of poly(pentadecanolide) (PPDL) by Novozyme 435 catalyzed ring-opening polymerization.

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