Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) was written by Ji, Fanghua;Li, Xianwei;Wu, Wanqing;Jiang, Huanfeng. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Reference of 587-88-2 This article mentions the following:
A direct and facile palladium-catalyzed C-H bond oxidative carbonylation reaction and oxidative cyclization for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is reported herein. The intramol. cyclocarbonylation, through C-H activation and C-C, C-O bond formations under mild conditions, proceeds smoothly with good functional group tolerance in high to excellent yields. The intramol. palladium-catalyzed direct oxidative C-H bond functionalization for the C-O bond formation is also demonstrated, which provides an efficient approach for the construction of various PAHs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Reference of 587-88-2).
Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 587-88-2
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics