Evaluation of chemicals of environmental concern in crumb rubber and water leachates from several types of synthetic turf football pitches was written by Celeiro, Maria;Armada, Daniel;Ratola, Nuno;Dagnac, Thierry;de Boer, Jacob;Llompart, Maria. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2021.Electric Literature of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:
Nowadays concern exists about the safety for both football players and the environment of recycled tire rubber used as infill in synthetic turf football pitches. In this study 40 target compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), plasticizers, antioxidants and vulcanization agents were determined in 50 synthetic football pitches of diverse characteristics to estimate environmental risks. This is the first study of crumb rubber sport facilities in Portugal. Analyses were performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by gas chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (UAE-GC-MS/MS). To evaluate the transfer of the target chems. from the crumb rubber to the runoff water, water leachates collected from several football pitches were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME-GC-MS/MS). In addition, lab-scale runoff simulation experiments were performed to assess whether a persistent inflow of the target compounds from the football pitches into the runoff water wcould exist. Results revealed the presence of most of the target PAHs in crumb rubber at total concentrations up to 57μg g-1, next to a high number of plasticizers and vulcanization agents. Runoff water collected from the football pitches contained up to 13 PAHs as well as other chems. of environmental concern. In addition, continuous leaching of chems. from the crumb rubber to the surrounding water was demonstrated. The transfer of target chems. into the runoff water poses a potential risk for the aquatic environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Electric Literature of C20H26O4).
Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Electric Literature of C20H26O4
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics