Genomic and hormonal biomarkers of phthalate induced male rat reproductive developmental toxicity part II: a targeted RT-qPCR array approach that defines a unique adverse outcome pathway was written by Gray, Leon Earl Jr.;Lambright, Christy S.;Conley, Justin M.;Evans, Nicola;Furr, Johnathan R.;Hannas, Bethany R.;Wilson, Vickie S.;Sampson, Hunter;Foster, Paul M. D.. And the article was included in Toxicological Sciences in 2021.COA of Formula: C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:
Previously, we demonstrated that exposure to some diortho-phthalate esters during sexual differentiation disrupts male reproductive development by reducing fetal rat testis testosterone production (T Prod) and gene expression in a dose-related manner. The objectives of the current project were to expand the number of test compounds that might reduce fetal T Prod, including phthalates, phthalate alternatives, pesticides, and drugs, and to compare reductions in T Prod with altered testis mRNA expression. We found that PEs that disrupt T Prod also reduced expression of a unique “cluster” of mRNAs for about 35 genes related to sterol transport, testosterone and insulin-like hormone 3 hormone syntheses, and lipoprotein signaling and cholesterol synthesis. However, phthalates had little or no effect on mRNA expression of genes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways in the fetal liver, whereas the 3 PPAR agonists induced the expression of mRNA for multiple fetal liver PPAR pathway genes without reducing testis T Prod. In summary, phthalates that disrupt T Prod act via a novel adverse outcome pathway including down regulation of mRNA for genes involved in fetal endocrine function and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism This profile was not displayed by PEs that did not reduce T Prod, PPAR agonists or the other chems. Reductions in fetal testis gene expression and T Prod in utero can be used to establish relative potency factors that can be used quant. to predict the doses of individual PEs and mixtures of phthalates that produce adverse reproductive tract effects in male offspring. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7COA of Formula: C20H26O4).
Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C20H26O4
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics