Tiong, Yong Wei published the artcileOptimisation studies on the conversion of oil palm biomass to levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate via indium trichloride-ionic liquids: A response surface methodology approach, SDS of cas: 539-88-8, the main research area is oil palm biomass LA EL indium trichloride ionic liquid.
This work is a continuation and extension of previously published study on the conversions of oil palm empty fruit bunch and mesocarp fiber biomass to levulinic acid and Et levulinate via an eco-friendly indium trichloride-1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (Tiong et al., 2017). Herein, a response surface methodol. based on a central composite design method was used to optimize the operating conditions of the conversions. The conversions consisted of a two-sequential steps, i.e., depolymerization to levulinic acid, followed by esterification to Et levulinate. The optimum depolymerization occurred at 177°C in 4.8 h with 0.15 mmol indium trichloride in ionic liquids-to-biomass ratio of 6.6:1 (weight/weight) and 22.7% (weight/weight) of water, while esterification was at 105°C in 12.2 h with ethanol to substrate ratio of 7.2:1 (volume/volume). The maximum levulinic acid yields of 17.7% and 18.4%, and the subsequent Et levulinate yields of 18.7% and 20.1% were achieved from the conversions of oil palm empty fruit bunch and mesocarp fiber biomass, resp. LA and EL efficiencies were >63% for both biomass conversions. The ionic liquids could be recycled up to three consecutive runs with a minimal loss of <25% of Et levulinate yield. This study highlighted the potential of proposed ionic liquids for biorefinery processing of renewable feedstock in a greener and sustainable approach. Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Biomass (Oil palm). 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, SDS of cas: 539-88-8.
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