Kinetics and characterization of transesterification of cottonseed oil to biodiesel using calcined clam shells as catalyst was written by Shobana, M.;Prasad, R. Krishna;Reddy Ragula, Udaya Bhaskar;Kumaresan, Duraisamy. And the article was included in Biofuels in 2020.Reference of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The synthesis of biodiesel from cottonseed oil using heterogeneous calcined clam shells by transesterification was studied. The effects of the amount of catalyst and the oil-to-methanol ratio on the yield of the biodiesel produced were determined A maximum yield of 84% biodiesel was obtained. Various characterization tests such as Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), Gas Chromatog. – Mass Spectrometry and NMR Spectroscopy were carried out to ascertain the functional groups and compounds available in the product biodiesel obtained. The properties of the biodiesel using the calcined clamshell catalyst, such as d., viscosity, saponification value, iodine value and ester value, were estimated and compared with the American Society for Testing Materials standard values to determine the quality of the biodiesel produced. The yield of the biodiesel produced was modelled using response surface methodol., and contour regions were obtained. The surface morphol. of the catalyst was studied using a scanning electron microscope. From the kinetics results obtained, the forward rate constant of the adsorption of methanol onto the catalyst surface was found to be very low (1.467 × 10-4), confirming that the kinetics of biodiesel production is limited by adsorption of methanol onto the active sites of the catalyst. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Reference of 1731-94-8).
Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 1731-94-8
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics