Valea, Ana; Sandru, Florica; Petca, Aida; Dumitrascu, Mihai Cristian; Carsote, Mara; Petca, Razvan-Cosmin; Ghemigian, Adina published the artcile< Aggressive prolactinoma (review)>, COA of Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is review prolactin succinate dehydrogenase AIP temozolomide ipilimumab aggressive prolactinoma; aggressive pituitary tumor; aggressive prolactinoma; cabergoline; hypophysectomy; menses; menstrual cycle; pituitary carcinoma; prolactin; prolactinoma; temozolomide.
A review. Aggressive prolactinoma (APRL) is a subgroup of aggressive pituitary tumors (accounting for 10% of all hypophyseal neoplasia) which are defined by: invasion based on radiol. and/or histol. features, a higher proliferation profile when compared to typical adenomas and rapidly developing resistance to standard medication/protocols in addition to an increased risk of early recurrence. This is a narrative review focusing on APRL in terms of both presentation and management. Upon admission, the suggestive features may include increased serum prolactin with a large tumor diameter (mainly >4 cm), male sex, early age at diagnosis (<20 years), and genetic predisposition [multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) gene mutations]. Potential prognostic factors are indicated by assessment of E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) status. Furthermore, during management, APRL may be associated with dopamine agonist (DA) resistance (described in 10-20% of all prolactinomas), post-hypophysectomy relapse, mitotic count >2, Ki-67 proliferation index ≥3%, the need for radiotherapy, lack of response in terms of controlling prolactin levels and tumor growth despite multimodal therapy. However, none of these as an isolated element serves as a surrogate of APRL diagnosis. A fourth-line therapy is necessary with temozolomide, an oral alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, that may induce tumor reduction and serum prolactin reduction in 75% of cases but only 8% have a normalization of prolactin levels. Controversies surrounding the duration of therapy still exist; also regarding the fifth-line therapy, post-temozolomide intervention. Recent data suggest alternatives such as somatostatin analogs (pasireotide), checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab, nivolumab), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (lapatinib), and mTOR inhibitors (everolimus). APRL represents a complex condition that is still challenging, and multimodal therapy is essential.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study) (AIP). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, COA of Formula: C19H34O2.
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