In 2019,Organic Process Research & Development included an article by Kuwano, Ryoichi; Yokogi, Masashi; Sakai, Ken; Masaoka, Shigeyuki; Miura, Takashi; Won, Sungyong. Quality Control of Diethyl 2-methylmalonate. The article was titled 《Room-Temperature Benzylic Alkylation of Benzylic Carbonates: Improvement of Palladium Catalyst and Mechanistic Study》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:
The palladium catalyst for the nucleophilic substitution of benzyl carbonates was improved by using 1,1′-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene (DiPrPF) as the ligand. The [Pd(η3-C3H5)(cod)]BF4-DiPrPF catalyst allows the benzylic substitution with soft carbanions to proceed even at 30 °C, affording the desired products in high yields (up to 99% yield). Thermally unstable pyridylmethyl esters are employable as the electrophilic substrates for the benzylic alkylation with the improved catalyst. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism of the catalytic benzylic alkylation by means of DiPrPF ligand. The palladium(0) complex bearing DiPrPF activates the benzylic C-O bond to form the (benzyl)palladium(II) intermediate at room temperature The coordination mode of the benzyl ligand would be equilibrium between the η1- and η3-manner. The nucleophile would preferentially react with the η3-benzyl ligand to give the desired product. In the experiment, the researchers used Diethyl 2-methylmalonate(cas: 609-08-5Quality Control of Diethyl 2-methylmalonate)
Diethyl 2-methylmalonate(cas: 609-08-5) belongs to aliphatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons belong to the most abundant fraction in crude oil. Aliphatics molecules are linear or branched open-chain structures such as n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes (naphthenes), terpenes and steranes.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-methylmalonate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics