Month: February 2023

Photolactonization: a novel synthetic entry to macrolides was written by Quinkert, Gerhard;Billhardt, Uta Maria;Jakob, Harald;Fischer, Gerd;Glenneberg, Juergen;Nagler, Peter;Autze, Volker;Heim, Nana;Wacker, Manfred. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1987.COA of Formula: C11H14O3 This article mentions the following:

o-Quinol acetates, hydroxyalkylated at C-6 (e.g., I), are easily accessible from simple phenols by Wessely acetoxylation (preferentially catalyzed by BF₃). On UV irradiation (in the presence of an appropriate tertiary amine), they are smoothly converted to macrocyclic lactones, e.g., II. Subtle conditions were elaborated to lead to high overall yields, and the scope of the conversion of phenols to macrolides was elucidated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate (cas: 93108-07-7COA of Formula: C11H14O3).

Methyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate (cas: 93108-07-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.COA of Formula: C11H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iron Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones was written by Li, Yanyun;Yu, Shenluan;Wu, Xiaofeng;Xiao, Jianliang;Shen, Weiyi;Dong, Zhenrong;Gao, Jingxing. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2014.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Chiral mols., such as alcs., are vital for the manufacturing of fine chems., pharmaceuticals, agrochems., fragrances, and novel materials. These mols. need to be produced in high yield and high optical purity and preferentially catalytically. Among all the asym. catalytic reactions, asym. hydrogenation with H₂ (AH) is the most widely used in the industry. With few exceptions, these AH processes use catalysts based on the three critical metals, rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium. Herein we describe a simple, industrially viable iron catalyst that allows for the AH of ketones, a process currently dominated by ruthenium and rhodium catalysts. By combining a chiral, 22-membered macrocyclic ligand with the cheap, readily available Fe₃(CO)₁₂, a wide variety of ketones have been hydrogenated under 50 bar H₂ at 45-65°, affording highly valuable chiral alcs. with enantioselectivities approaching or surpassing those obtained with the noble metal catalysts. In contrast to AH by most noble metal catalysts, the iron-catalyzed hydrogenation appears to be heterogeneous. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rapid analysis of 13 phthalates in textiles by Py-GC-MS method was written by Bao, Haifeng;Zhao, Hailang;Tan, Yujing. And the article was included in Yinran in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A method for rapid determination of 13 phthalates in textiles by pyrolysis gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (Py GC-MS) was established. The optimized anal. conditions of the pyrolyzer were the initial temperature of 200 °C, heating to 350 °C at 50 °C/min, holding for 2 min. The linear correlation coefficient was R²>0.99, the detection limit was 0.08-6.17 mg/kg, the recovery was 89.2-97.1%, and the relative standard deviation was 1.2-4.4% (n = 6). The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable, which can meet the daily detection requirements of 13 phthalates in textiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New methods for solid phase peptide synthesis of transition-state analog inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and DPP-IV was written by Piron, Jan;Tourwe, Dirk. And the article was included in Letters in Peptide Science in 1995.SDS of cas: 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

A new and stereoselective method to synthesize hydroxyethylamine and hydroxymethylamide peptide bond isosteres is developed. The key step is the addition of 2-trimethylsilylthiazole to α-amino aldehydes, followed by transformation to α-hydroxy-β-amino aldehydes. The stereochem. of the addition can be manipulated by the choice of the nitrogen substitution. The isosteres are easily synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis, which rapidly gives the desired pseudopeptides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9SDS of cas: 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.SDS of cas: 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation and chemical behavior of 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-3-bromomethyl pyridine, a novel alkylating agent was written by Krasavin, Mikhail;Shkavrov, Sergey;Kravchenko, Dmitry. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2006.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of a novel heterocyclic alkylating agent was developed. Its instability toward elevated temperatures and/or polar media can be used to prepare 8-aza-1,4-dihydrobenzo[1,3-d]oxazin-2-one. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal-Free Synthesis of 2-Substituted Quinolines via High Chemoselective Domino Condensation/Aza-Prins Cyclization/Retro-Aldol between 2-Alkenylanilines with β-Ketoesters was written by Nan, Jiang;Chen, Pu;Zhang, Yuxin;Yin, Yun;Wang, Bo;Ma, Yangmin. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Formula: C9H10O3S This article mentions the following:

A highly chemoselective domino condensation/aza-Prins cyclization/retro-aldol between 2-alkenylanilines with β-dicarbonyl compounds under metal-free conditions was accomplished, giving a large category of valuable 2-substituted quinolines in good yields with excellent functional group toleration. This newly established process, adopting β-ketoesters as masked C1 synthons via C-C cleavage, could even be simplified into a three-component [3 + 2 + 1] domino version consisting of exceedingly low-priced com. starting materials. The synthetic application of products was exemplified by several intriguing chem. operations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Formula: C9H10O3S).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C9H10O3S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aroma Properties of Cocoa Fruit Pulp from Different Origins was written by Bickel Haase, Thomas;Schweiggert-Weisz, Ute;Ortner, Eva;Zorn, Holger;Naumann, Susanne. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Cocoa pulp occurs as a byproduct of cocoa bean production and can be repurposed to different food applications, such as jams, fruit preparations and beverages, improving the sustainability of cocoa production, as well as the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. In this work, aroma-active compounds of fresh cocoa fruit pulps from different origins were investigated by applying aroma extract dilution analyses in combination with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry/olfactometry for identification. In total, 65 aroma-active compounds were determined in four different pulps originating from Indonesia, Vietnam, Cameroon, and Nicaragua. Vietnamese pulp showed the highest number of aroma-active regions, while Cameroonian pulp accounted for the lowest. Moreover, Cameroonian cocoa pulp showed the lowest FD factors. Overall, the odorants with the highest FD factors were trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-decenal, 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol, δ-decalactone, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one, dodecanoic acid, and linalool. This study provides insights into the aroma composition of fresh cocoa pulp from different origins for future food applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Synthetic Route of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Apple pathogens: Organic essential oils as an alternative solution was written by Di Francesco, A.;Aprea, E.;Gasperi, F.;Parenti, A.;Placi, N.;Rigosi, F.;Baraldi, E.. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.SDS of cas: 868-57-5 This article mentions the following:

Fusarium avenaceum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Neofabraea vagabunda, represent postharvest diseases which cause significant apple losses. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of organic essential oils (EOs) (Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis) against apple pathogens both in vitro and in vivo, as an integrated management tool. By GC-MS anal. a total of 101 compounds principally belonging to the groups of terpenes and terpenoids were detected in the extracted EOs. In vitro results showed T. vulgaris as the most active EO, both as agar infusion or biofumigant. Through agar infusion, starting from the lowest concentration (0.2 mL L-1), T. vulgaris reduced by 74.9%, 86.1%, 66.9%, and 45.7% F. avenaceum, B. cinerea, P. expansum, and N. vagabunda mycelial growth, resp.; as biofumigant, it completely inhibited the growth of all the tested mycelial pathogens. Application of EOs on apples through dipping treatment displayed some potential to inhibit the above-mentioned pathogens, especially by T. vulgaris and L. angustifolia. The efficacy of these organic EOs is probably strictly correlated to the chem. composition In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5SDS of cas: 868-57-5).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 868-57-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

N-[(E)-3-alkoxy-4-hydroxy(alkoxy, alkanoyloxy, aroyloxy)-benzylidene]-4-phenoxyanilines was written by Dikusar, E. A.;Potkin, V. I.;Kozlov, N. G.;Ogorodnikova, M. M.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2009.SDS of cas: 20665-85-4 This article mentions the following:

Condensation of 4-phenoxyaniline with benzaldehydes of the vanillin series in methanol gave the corresponding Schiff bases, N-[(E)-3-alkoxy-4-hydroxy(alkoxy, alkanoyloxy, aroyloxy)benzylidene]-4-phenoxyanilines I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4SDS of cas: 20665-85-4).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.SDS of cas: 20665-85-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Non-metal Lewis acid-catalyzed cross-Claisen condensation for β-keto esters was written by Zhang, Tianyu;Yang, Zhenkun;Zhou, Dapeng;Meng, Fuliang;Han, Zhengyu;Huang, Hai. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C10H11FO2 This article mentions the following:

A new catalytic and highly chemoselective cross-Claisen condensation of esters was disclosed. In the presence of TBSNTf₂ as a non-metal Lewis acid, various esters can undergo cross-Claisen condensation to for/m β-keto esters which are important building blocks. Compared with the traditional Claisen condensation, this process, employing silyl ketene acetals (SKAs) as carbonic nucleophiles to achieve cross-Claisen condensation, requires mild conditions and has good tolerance of functional groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2COA of Formula: C10H11FO2).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.COA of Formula: C10H11FO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics