Month: February 2023

Method for Predicting Odor Intensity of Perfumery Raw Materials Using Dose-Response Curve Database was written by Wakayama, Hideki;Sakasai, Mitsuyoshi;Yoshikawa, Keiichi;Inoue, Michiaki. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

The main purpose of this study is to facilitate fragrance development on the basis of scientific knowledge. To this end, data on 314 perfumery raw materials (PRMs) showing the relationship between PRM odor intensity and gas concentration were obtained, and a calculation model for the data was then developed with the following features: (1) maximum PRM coverage, (2) calculating values implying odor intensity from only arbitrary gas concentration, and (3) estimating odor intensity from the calculated values directly and easily. To verify the prediction accuracy of this model, the predicted odor intensity was compared with the evaluated value for both single component and a mixture, and the same degree of root mean square error (RMSE) was confirmed. RMSE in the single component was 6.22 while that in the mixture was 6.69. Thus, the odor intensity of a PRM or mixture can be predicted from arbitrary gas concentrations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Synthetic Route of C9H10O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C9H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of microbial, physicochemical parameters and flavor of blueberry juice after microchip-pulsed electric field was written by Zhu, Ning;Zhu, Yue;Yu, Ning;Wei, Yulong;Zhang, Jiaying;Hou, Yanan;Sun, Ai-dong. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2019.Formula: C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

The effect of microchip-pulsed elec. field (MPEF) and high temperature short time sterilization (HTST) technologies on microbiol., physicochem. properties and flavor of freshly squeezed blueberry juice were compared. Under the MPEF treatment at 350 V, total plate count, total yeast and molds were completely inactivated, meanwhile, Vitamin C, anthocyanin, total phenols, titratable acid and color had no significantly changes. During storage of 30 days at 4 °C, Vitamin C decreased by 11.52% and 26.78% after MPEF and HTST treatments, all treated juices showed to be microbiol. safe, whereas MPEF can protect nutritionally related properties and color of blueberry juice samples more efficiently. Besides, relatively small changes of juice in odor, taste and volatile compounds concentration was observed by MPEF treatment. Hence, application of MPEF may be an ideal alternative treatment to HTST processing in order to ensure longer shelf life, higher functional and nutritional values of blueberry juice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Formula: C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Construction of IsoVoc Database for the Authentication of Natural Flavours was written by Strojnik, Lidija;Hladnik, Joze;Weber, Nika Cvelbar;Koron, Darinka;Stopar, Matej;Zlatic, Emil;Kokalj, Doris;Strojnik, Martin;Ogrinc, Nives. And the article was included in Foods in 2021.Computed Properties of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Flavor is an important quality trait of food and beverages. As the demand for natural aromas increases and the cost of raw materials go up, so does the potential for economically motivated adulteration. In this study, gas chromatog.-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) anal. of volatile fruit compounds, sampled using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), is used as a tool to differentiate between synthetic and naturally produced volatile aroma compounds (VOCs). The result is an extensive stable isotope database (IsoVoc-Isotope Volatile organic compounds) consisting of 39 authentic flavor compounds with well-defined origin: apple (148), strawberry (33), raspberry (12), pear (9), blueberry (7), and sour cherry (4) samples. Synthetically derived VOCs (48) were also characterised. Comparing isotope ratios of volatile compounds between distillates and fresh apples and strawberries proved the suitability of using fresh samples to create a database covering the natural variability in δ¹³C values and range of VOCs. In total, 25 aroma compounds were identified and used to test 33 flavoured com. products to evaluate the usefulness of the IsoVoc database for fruit flavor authenticity studies. The results revealed the possible falsification for several fruit aroma compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Computed Properties of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recyclable Polyurea-Microencapsulated Pd(0) Nanoparticles: An Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogenolysis of Epoxides was written by Ley, Steven V.;Mitchell, Claire;Pears, David;Ramarao, Chandrashekar;Yu, Jin-Quan;Zhou, Wuzong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2003.Computed Properties of C11H14O3 This article mentions the following:

Palladium nanoparticles (∼2 nm in size) microencapsulated in polyurea is an efficient and recyclable catalyst for reductive ring-opening hydrogenolysis of epoxides, using either HCOOH/Et₃N or H₂ as a hydrogen donor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Computed Properties of C11H14O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C11H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pyrrole and polypyrrole-based liquid crystals containing azobenzene mesogenic groups was written by Chen, Yu;Harrison, William T. A.;Imrie, Corrie T.;Ryder, Karl S.. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry in 2002.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The thermotropic and electrochem. properties and polymerization of a series of N-substituted pyrrole monomers bearing mesogenic 4-substituted azobenzene attached as a pendant group via alkyl spacers were discussed. The effects of azobenzene moiety substitution with methoxy, cyano and nitro terminal groups upon mol. properties were discussed. Addnl. the first crystal structure determination and anal. of two N-alkylpyrroles bearing mesogenic groups was presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Substituent effects in the mass spectra of some γ- and β-substituted methyl butyrates was written by Howe, Ian;Williams, Dudley H.;Kingston, David G. I.;Tannenbaum, Harvey P.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] B: Physical Organic in 1969.Product Details of 20637-09-6 This article mentions the following:

Results are presented (relative ion abundances, I.P. and A.P. measurements) to illustrate substituent effects in the mass spectra of some γ-and β-substituted methyl butyrates. It is argued that (i) “subdecompn. energy” ions and (ii) competition in the source with fast fragmentation processes are important factors influencing parent/daughter ion ratios, which are then rationalized in terms of the variation of these two factors with substituent. In certain cases a substituent effect on the energy of activation of the transition state is also invoked. The variation in parent/daughter ratios at different energies is explained in terms of relative A.P.’s and frequency factors. Mechanisms are discussed for the elimination of MeOH from M+ and for the McLafferty rearrangement. (I. P. and A. P. = ionization and appearance potential). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6Product Details of 20637-09-6).

Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Product Details of 20637-09-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Molecular basis of (E)-β-farnesene-mediated aphid location in the predator Eupeodes corollae was written by Wang, Bing;Dong, Wanying;Li, Huimin;D’Onofrio, Chiara;Bai, Penghua;Chen, Ruipeng;Yang, Lulu;Wu, Jinan;Wang, Xiaoqing;Wang, Bo;Ai, Dong;Knoll, Wolfgang;Pelosi, Paolo;Wang, Guirong. And the article was included in Current Biology in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

(E)-β-farnesene (EBF) is an important chem. cue mediating interactions between plants, aphids, and natural enemies. This chem. has two origins, being secreted by aphid as an alarm pheromone and also produced by the attacked plants as a semiochem. attracting natural enemies. Despite the important role of this volatile chem., little is known on the mol. mechanisms mediating the attraction of natural enemies to EBF. Here, we first verified that the larvae and adults of aphid predator hoverfly Eupeodes corollae detect and are attracted to EBF. Then, we found a neuron housed in type III basiconic sensilla of adult antenna responding to EBF. We further verified that in both adults and larvae odorant receptor EcorOR3 and odorant-binding protein EcorOBP15 mediate detection of EBF and structurally similar volatiles. Finally, we provide evidence that larvae of E. corollae may use aphid-derived EBF for prey location in the short-range, whereas adults could detect plant-derived EBF to find attacked plants from longer distances. Thus, while dissecting the mol. basis for attraction to EBF produced by two different sources, our results may find potential applications in integrated aphid management approaches. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The flavor of sparkling wine was written by Takahagi, Naoto. And the article was included in Koryo in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A sparkling wine is a wine made fizzy by carbon dioxide bubbles. There are two main methods to brew a sparkling wine. The first is to add sugar and yeast to the wine for secondary fermentation, and then to trap the carbon dioxide gas generated in a bottle. The second method is to blow carbon dioxide gas directly into the wine. Champagne is a typical sparkling wine. Canned sparkling wines have helped to vitalize the wine market in Japan in recent years. Our group analyzed the volatile components of champagne and canned sparkling wine using GC and GC-MS. In this paper, the author report the differences in the volatile components detected in the two beverages. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) by N-substituted peptidyl trifluoromethyl ketones was written by Skiles, Jerry W.;Fuchs, Victor;Miao, Clara;Sorcek, Ronald;Grozinger, Karl G.;Mauldin, Scott C.;Vitous, Jana;Mui, Philip W.;Jacober, Stephen. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1992.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A series of tripeptides possessing trifluoromethyl or aryl kinase residues at P₁ were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as potential inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). Tripeptides containing nonnaturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P₂-position have been demonstrated to be potent in vitro inhibitors of HLE, with IC₅₀ values in the submicromolar range. Sterically demanding substituents on the P₂-nitrogen have no detrimental effect on in vitro potency. The inhibition process presumably acts via hemiketal formation with the active site Ser¹⁹⁵ of HLE, and is facilitated by the strongly electron withdrawing trifluoromethyl functionality. Deletion of the amino acid at the P³-subsite region affords inactive compounds Valine is the preferred residue at the P₁-position, whereas the corresponding glycine, alanine, α,α-dimethylglycine, or phenylalanine analogs are all inactive. The compounds described herein all confer a high degree of in vitro specificity when tested against representing cysteine, aspartyl, metallo, and other serine proteases. One of the most potent in vitro inhibitors is tripeptide trifluoromethyl ketone I (IC₅₀ = 0.084 μM). I was also tested in hamsters in an elastase-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EPH) model. In this model, intratracheal (it) administration of I, 5 min prior to HLE challenge, effectively inhibited hemorrhage in a dose-dependent manner with an ED₅₀ of 4.8 μg. The administration of 20 μg (i.t.) of I 24, 48 and 72 h prior to HLE challenge exhibits significant inhibition against hemorrhage at all time points (97%, 64% and 49%, resp.). In a 21-day chronic model of emphysema in hamsters, 200 μg of HLE administered i.t. caused an elastase-induced emphysema in the lungs which can be quantitated histol. utilizing image anal. In this assay, I significantly inhibited pulmonary lesions associated with septal destruction and increased alveolar spaces, when dosed at 20 μg i.t. 5 min prior to challenge with HLE. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer as polymeric co-agent for crosslinking poly(vinyl chloride) by gamma radiation was written by Gupta, Neeraj K.;Gupta, Shivani;Tedesse, Aschalew. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Research in 2022.Name: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) This article mentions the following:

Plasticized filled poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends incorporating acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) as an elastomeric crosslinking co-agent were subjected to gamma radiation by a Co₆₀ source for total doses 25 to 100 kGy. Changes in total insoluble contents, physicomech. properties (before and after thermal aging), morphol., spectroscopy, and dynamic mech. behavior as a function of NBR loading and total dose were investigated. An increase in total insoluble contents with both NBR loading and total dose indicates that within the parameters of the study, the blends underwent crosslinking as the predominant effect with an increase of hardness. Unaged mech. properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break) of the blends were significantly modified. These same properties, after aging at 90°C, 168 h are again modified due to further crosslinking reactions above the glass transition temperatures The obtained results indicate that there exists a loading range for NBR for which an optimal combination of room temperature and aged mech. properties may be obtained. Abrasion resistance of the blends improves due to the formation of chem. bonded networks. The mechanism of the crosslinking reaction was elucidated by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. Electron scanning microscopy shows single-phase blend morphologies for all blends and reveals a reduction in matrix ductility on crosslinking. Dynamic mech. anal. conducted to study the change in loss tangent, storage modulus, and loss modulus at 100 kGy total dose shows an increase in these parameters and that the modification of physicomech. properties are due to both crosslinking as well as enhanced interaction between PVC and NBR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Name: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics