Month: February 2023

RAFT Polymerization of Acrylamides Containing Proline and Hydroxyproline Moiety: Controlled Synthesis of Water-Soluble and Thermoresponsive Polymers was written by Mori, Hideharu;Kato, Ikumi;Matsuyama, Motonobu;Endo, Takeshi. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2008.Formula: C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

Two acrylamides containing proline and hydroxyproline moiety, N-acryloyl-L-proline (A-Pro-OH) and N-acryloyl-4-trans-hydroxy-L-proline (A-Hyp-OH), were polymerized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process to afford well-defined amino acid based polymers. Two chain transfer agents (CTAs), benzyl dithiobenzoate (CTA 1) and benzyl 1-pyrrolecarbodithioate (CTA 2), were compared for the direct polymerization of these monomers without protecting chem. With 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator, the dithiocarbamate-type RAFT agent (CTA 2) was efficient for the controlled synthesis of poly(A-Pro-OH)s, which can be regarded as a weak polyelectrolyte. Controlled character of the polymerization of A-Hyp-OH, which has a carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl group in the monomer unit, in the presence of CTA 1 was confirmed by the formation of narrow polydispersity products and the linear relationship between the mol. weight and conversion. Water-soluble poly(A-Hyp-OH)s with number-average mol. weights between 8.2 × 10³ and 2.21 × 10⁴ and relatively low polydispersities were obtained, depending on the monomer/CTA ratio. Their methylated samples, poly(A-Pro-OMe) and poly(A-Hyp-OMe), and random copolymers showed characteristic thermal phase transitions in aqueous solutions In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Formula: C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Alternating Copolymers Containing Anthracene Unit in The Main Chain by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization was written by Mori, Hideharu;Tando, Izumi;Tanaka, Hiromi. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2010.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Novel alternating copolymers composed of anthracene moiety and halostyrene unit were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers, 10-methylene-9,10-dihydroanthryl-9-spiro-p-chlorophenylcyclopropane and its bromo derivative Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer and conventional free radical polymerizations were employed for the purpose. In both cases, the ring-opening polymerization proceeded predominantly to afford alternating copolymer containing anthracene unit in the main chain. Incorporations of optoelectronic groups, involving diphenylamine, carbazole, and phenothiazine, on the halostyrene moieties of the alternating copolymers were conducted by palladium-catalyzed reactions. Novel nonconjugated copolymers having perfect alternating structures were obtained, in which the alternate arrangement of two distinct electronic functionalities is formed owing to the ring-opening polymerization system. Resulting anthracene-based alternating copolymers having two distinct electronic functionalities exhibited characteristic fluorescence resonance energy transfer, as confirmed by UV-vis and fluorescence spectra. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The preparation and properties of a platinized charcoal catalyst with some observations on the behavior of inhibitors was written by Baltzly, Richard. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1952.Computed Properties of C11H14O3 This article mentions the following:

A Pt-C catalyst (I) notable for its inactivity in debenzylation and in dehalogenations has been developed and tested on a variety of reducible compounds It appears to reduce aliphatic CO compounds less readily than aromatic. Both I and Pd-C are inhibited toward the reduction of control substrates by bases and nucleophilic ions. To 1 g. C (Darco G-60) in the reducing bottle of a Burgess-Parr hydrogenator was added 30-50 cc. H₂O and solutions of H₂PtCl₆ and PdCl₂ containing 100 mg. Pt and 0.2 mg. Pd, resp., the bottle evacuated, filled with H, shaken 15-20 min., and the H₂O finally replaced by MeOH; when not in use, the I was stored under MeOH in a reducing bottle. The hydrogenations with I were performed in MeOH at room temperature, in general with 50 millimoles substrate in 50 cc. MeOH. A series of hydrogenations was carried out in this manner; the substrate, the hydrogenation absorption, and, where determined, the hydrogenation products, of these runs are listed in the following (H absorption rates of 5-10 millimoles/min. are marked fast, 1-5 millimoles/min. moderate, < 1 millimole/min. slow; products in parentheses were not specifically isolated but were present with reasonable certainty): cyclohexene, 1 mole very fast (cyclohexane); CH₂:CHCH₂-Cl, 1 mole moderate (C₃H₈, PrCl, HCl); PhCH₂Cl, 1 mole slow (PhMe); PhCH₂OH, about 0.2 mole very slow (Ph-Me ?, substrate possibly contaminated with PhCH₂Cl); (PhCH₂)₂O, none; PhCH₂OCONHCH₂CO₂H, none; PhNMeCH₂Ph.HCl, none; p-ClC₆H₄NH₂, none; o-ClC₆H₄NH₂, none; m-BrC₆H₄Me, none; o-BrC₆H₄OMe, very slow, -; o-BrC₆H₄CO₂Et, none; p-ClC₆H₄OC₆H₄NO₂-p, 3 moles, very fast, p-ClC₆H₄OC₆H₄NH₂-p; (PhN:)₂ + 2 moles AcOH, 1 mole very fast, 1 mole moderate (PhNH₂); (PhN:)₂, 1 mole very fast, 1 mole slow [PhNH₂, (PhNH)₂]; (PhN:)₂ in 0.019N NaOH, 1 mole very fast, (PhNH)₂; 2, 6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-phenylazo-4-pyrimidinol-HCl, 2 moles fast, 5-amino-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyrimidinol (+ Ph-NH₂); PhCH:NMe, fast, PhCH₂NHMe; p-MeOC₆H₄-CH:NCHPhMe + 1.5 moles AcOH, fast, p-MeOC₆H₄CH₂-NHCHPhMe; 2, 5-(MeO)₂C₆H₃COC(:NOH)Me + 3 moles HCl, 2 moles moderate, 2, 5-(MeO)₂C₆H₃COCH(NH₂)Me.-HCl; PhCN + HCl, none; PhCH₂CN + HCl, none; PhCH₂C(:NOH)Ph, none; AcH, very slow (EtOH) AcH + morpholine, 1 mole moderate (ethylmorpholine); cyclohexanone, none; Me₂CO, none; Me₂CO + cyclohexylamine, very slow, -; p-MeOC₆H₄CHO, 1 mole moderate (anisyl alc.); p-MeOC₆H₄CHO + BuNH₂, 1 mole slow, p-MeOC₆H₄CH₂NHBu; p-HOC₆H₄Ac, 1 mole slow, polymerized product; PhCH:CHCHO, 2 moles moderate (Ph(CH₂)₃OH); AcCH₂CO₂Et, none; BzCH₂CO₂-Et, 1 mole slow, PhCH(OH)CH₂CO₂Et; 3, 4-MeO(HO)-C₆H₃CH:CAcCO₂Et, 1 mole moderate, 3, 4-MeO(HO)-C₆H₃CH₂CHAcCO₂Et; 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃CH: CAcCO₂Et, 1 mole moderate, 3, 4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃CH₂CHAcCO₂Et; Ph₂CO, none; PhCH₂Bz, none; benzanisoine, none; C₆H₆ in glacial AcOH, slow not carried to completion (cyclohexane ?); C₁₀H₈ in glacial AcOH, none at 25°. Both I and Pd-C were tested with control substrates in the presence of various concentrations of inhibitors and the half-inhibitory M concentrations (given for I and Pd-C) determined for: MeO^– 0.001, 0.001; PhO^– 0.006, 0.006; I^– 0.0004, 0.0004; CN^– < 0.001, -; NH₃ 0.002, 0.002; PhCH₂NMe₂ 0.001, 0.001; and p-MeC₆H₄NH₂ 0.007, 0.005-0.006. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Computed Properties of C11H14O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C11H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, film-forming properties, and thermal and light sensitivity of N,N’-bis[4-hydroxy(alkoxy, acyloxy)-3-alkoxyphenylmethylidene]benzene-1,4-diamines was written by Dikusar, E. A.;Kozlov, N. G.;Potkin, V. I.;Azarko, V. A.;Yuvchenko, A. P.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of General Chemistry in 2008.Quality Control of 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate This article mentions the following:

Previously unknown E,E-isomeric Schiff bases were synthesized by reaction of p-phenylenediamine with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and their O-alkyl and O-acyl derivatives in anhydrous methanol. Film-forming properties and thermal and light sensitivity of the products were studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4Quality Control of 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dipyridyl amines: Potent metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonists was written by Kamenecka, Theodore M.;Bonnefous, Celine;Govek, Steven;Vernier, Jean-Michel;Hutchinson, John;Chung, Janice;Reyes-Manalo, Grace;Anderson, Jeffery J.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2005.Reference of 14667-47-1 This article mentions the following:

Modulation of the metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGluR5) receptor may be useful in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system disorders. Here, the discovery, synthesis, and biol. evaluation of dipyridyl amines as small mol. mGluR5 antagonists, is reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Reference of 14667-47-1).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 14667-47-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct Fluoro-aminosulfenylation of Active Methylenes by Dialkylaminosulfur Trifluorides under Catalyst-Free Conditions was written by Saidalimu, Ibrayim;Guo, Ming;Tokunaga, Etsuko;Shibata, Norio. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Recommanded Product: 13669-10-8 This article mentions the following:

The direct fluoro-aminosulfenylation of active methylene compounds, e.g., 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile by diethylaminosulfur trifluoride and its derivatives F₃SR (R = dimethylamino, diethylamino, bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino, morpholino) has been disclosed. A variety of α-fluorinated α-sulfenamides with a tetrasubstituted carbon center, e.g., I were synthesized from active methylene compounds under mild reaction conditions. This direct fluoro-aminosulfenylation reaction occurs very smoothly under metal-free and base-free conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Recommanded Product: 13669-10-8).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 13669-10-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hybrid nanocomposites of a fluorescent block copolymer and quantum dots: An efficient way for energy transfer was written by Moura, I.;de Sa, A.;Abreu, Ana S.;Oliveira, M.;Machado, A. V.. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2017.Safety of Benzyl benzodithioate This article mentions the following:

Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon has great potential in several applications, whose efficiency is dependent on the energy transfer between a suitable pair of fluorophores. In this work, a new block copolymer, PS-b-PS(co-pyren-1-yl), with fluorescent properties, was synthesized and used as donor component in the fluorophores pair copolymer/cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs). Thus, water-soluble CdTe QDs, previously transferred into organic phase, by replacing the stabilizer ligands, thioglycolic acid by 1-dodecanethiol (1-DDT), were used to prepare a new hybrid nanocomposite. FRET studies between the fluorescent copolymer and CdTe-DDT QDs revealed that this fluorophores pair can experience FRET with an efficiency of 48%, being an efficient antenna system for light harvesting applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Safety of Benzyl benzodithioate).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Benzyl benzodithioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phosphine-mediated domino reactions of phthalimidomalonates with allenoates or but-2-ynoate: facile entry into highly functionalized pyrroloisoindolinone derivatives was written by Huang, Zhusheng;Chen, Qingqing;Yang, Xiuqin;Liu, Yang;Zhang, Li;Lu, Tao;Zhou, Qingfa. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2017.Related Products of 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

A phosphine-mediated domino reaction between phthalimidomalonates and allenoates furnishes highly functionalized pyrroloisoindolinone derivatives, e.g., I, in synthetically useful yields. When Et but-2-ynoate was reacted with phthalimidomalonates under the same conditions, pyrroloisoindolinone derivatives were also obtained in good to excellent yields. The mechanism for the transformation is a tandem γ-umpolung/Wittig/γ-umpolung process. The present domino reaction not only exploits the potential of allenoates, but also extends the existing phosphine-mediated cyclization scope. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Related Products of 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Related Products of 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Nα-protected amino acid/peptide Weinreb amides employing N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole as activating agent; studies on docking and antibacterial activities was written by Uma, K.;Lalithamba, H. S.;Raghavendra, M.;Chandramohan, Vivek;Anupama, C.. And the article was included in ARKIVOC (Gainesville, FL, United States) in 2016.Computed Properties of C16H24N2O4 This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for the synthesis of Nα-protected amino/peptide Weinreb amides (N-methoxy-N-methylamides) employing N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) has been achieved. Nα-protected amino/peptide acids were treated with N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole, followed by the addition of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride salt to yield the desired compounds The synthesized compounds were mainly gums, a few were solids, after the simple workup, and were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS. The Weinreb amides were subjected to in silico studies, to predict the preferred orientation and binding affinity between the mols. using scoring functions. The ligand N-Fmoc-L-Phe-N(OCH₃)CH₃ showed min. binding energy – 29.85 kcal/mol with Escherichia coli and the ligand N-Fmoc-L-Ala-N(OCH₃)CH₃ showed min. binding energy -24.79 kcal/mol with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, -25.01 kcal/mol with Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the min. binding energies, antibacterial activities have been conducted for a few of the synthesized compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Computed Properties of C16H24N2O4).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C16H24N2O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Artemisia magellanica. Chemical composition of the essential oil from an unexplored endemic species of Patagonia was written by Gonzalez, Silvia B.;Gastaldi, Bruno;Catalan, Cesar;Di Leo Lira, Paola;Retta, Daiana;van Baren, Catalina M.;Bandoni, Arnaldo L.. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2019.Electric Literature of C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

The essential oil composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia magellanica Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae), native to Patagonia, was analyzed by GC-FID-MS. This is the first report on the essential oil composition of A. magellanica. A total of 113 components were identified accounting for 95.6-95.7% of the oil. The essential oil was characterized by a high percentage of γ-costol (21.0-43.5%), selina-4,11-diene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-farnesene, (Z)-en-yn-dicycloether and 23 different esters (28.7%). In turn, Artemisia biennis, a species native to North America, which is considered by some authors to be conspecific with A. magellanica, yielded an essential oil that was rich in (Z)-β-ocimene (34.7%), (E)-β-farnesene (40.0%) and the acetylenes (Z)- and (E)-en-yn-dicycloethers (11.0%). Thus, as A. biennis lacks the three main components present in A. magellanica, namely γ-costol, 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate and selina-4,11-diene, these compounds could be considered as potential chem. markers for A. magellanica since they are absent or only found as minor constituents in other members of the genus. The data presented herein is also useful for genus taxonomy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Electric Literature of C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics