Month: February 2023

Assessing Volatiles in Three Chinese Dwarf Cherry Cultivars during Veraison and Maturation Using Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was written by Cui, Qingyu;Ye, Liqin;Guo, Chang-e;Li, Weidong. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2020.Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Chinese dwarf cherry is a native shrub in northwest China with a rich and unique fruit aroma. This study aims to determine the changes in volatile profiles during the maturation period, which provides a theor. basis for the optimal harvest times and the breeding of aroma-rich varieties. The variation in the production of 164 volatile compounds from three Chinese dwarf cherry cultivars, namely, “Jing’ou 1”, “Jing’ou 2”, and “Jing’ou 3”, were investigated by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS. These volatiles mainly constituted alcs., carbonyls, esters, terpenoids, and hydrocarbons. Their maturation process could be divided into three stages, namely prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. Prophase contained an abundance of hydrocarbons and carbonyls, primarily benzaldehyde being dominant among all volatiles. During metaphase, volatiles remained at a low level of abundance and diversity. Anaphase coincided with full maturation and was associated with esters and terpenoids; in particular, “Jing’ou 3” presented more compound diversity and a high level of acetate esters. The periods including the week prior to veraison and the week during maturation were particularly critical in volatile formation in Chinese dwarf cherries. This study reveals that the low level or lack of hexanal might be one of the distinctive characteristics separating Chinese dwarf cherries from other Cerasus or Rosaceae fruits. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of commercial starter cultures on the quality characteristics of fermented fish-chili paste was written by Hua, Qian;Gao, Pei;Xu, Yanshun;Xia, Wenshui;Sun, Yingying;Jiang, Qixing. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2020.Product Details of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

The effects of com. starter cultures on the quality characteristics of fermented fish-chili paste were investigated. Five batches of fish-chili paste were prepared with different starter cultures, namely, SBM-52 (Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus carnosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus lactis), PRO-MIX5 (Staphylococcus xylosus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei), WBX-43 (Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus carnosus), V3 (Lactobacillus plantarum), and CO (spontaneous fermentation) as the control. The results showed that all the starter cultures accelerated the growth of lactic acid bacteria and obviously reduced the Enterobacteriaceae count compared with the CO batch. SBM-52, PRO-MIX5 and V3 quickly reduced the pH, and there was no obvious difference in the protease activities among these five batches (P > 0.05). The SBM-52 batch displayed a significantly higher level of total free amino acids than the control (P < 0.05). The accumulation of organic acids was mainly due to lactic acid in all the samples. Volatile anal. indicated that more ester compounds were detected in WBX-43 compared with the other samples. E-nose anal. showed an obvious difference in the overall odor among the different samples. In conclusion, the starter cultures of WBX-43 and SBM-52 could be used for the production of high-quality fish-chili paste with better flavor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Product Details of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Total Synthesis of the Flavonoid Natural Product Houttuynoid A was written by Jian, Jie;Fan, Jilin;Yang, Hui;Lan, Ping;Li, Manmei;Liu, Peijun;Gao, Hao;Sun, Pinghua. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2018.Reference of 4163-60-4 This article mentions the following:

The first total synthesis of the antiviral flavonoid houttuynoid A (I) has been achieved from 2,4-bis(benzyloxy)-6-hydroxyacetophenone and a benzofuran aldehyde in nine linear steps. The C₆-C₃-C₆ structure of the flavonoid was synthesized by an I₂-catalyzed oxa-Michael addition of a chalcone intermediate, generated by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. This work provides a method for the synthesis of houttuynoids and provides a reference for the synthesis of the remaining members of the houttuynoid family. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Reference of 4163-60-4).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 4163-60-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of carbon mineralization and structural alterations of organic carbon in high-moor peat soils during incubation was written by Sazawa, Kazuto;Kubota, Daiki;Yoshida, Hironori;Hata, Noriko;Wada, Naoya;Kuramitz, Hideki. And the article was included in Journal of Soils and Sediments in 2020.Recommanded Product: 106-79-6 This article mentions the following:

The quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) in the wetlands and peatlands are important for evaluating of the effects of environmental changes. This study’s aim was to evaluate the change in the chem. properties of SOM and dissolved organic matter (DOM) during a constant temperature incubation of high-moor peat soil under two types of vegetation. Incubation of high-moor peat soils collected from marsh vegetation and dwarf bamboo was conducted for 108 days at each temperature of 25鎺矯 and 35鎺矯. The chem. properties of alk. extract and DOM in soil samples during incubation were analyzed by tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (TMAH-GC/MS) and fluorescence anal. The cumulative CO₂ emission from peat under dwarf bamboo was higher than that of peat under marsh vegetation. During incubation at 35鎺矯, plant and microbial residues in DOM extracted from dwarf bamboo soil were increased significantly at the early stages of culture. On the other hand, the components of DOM in the marsh vegetation soil sample did not significantly change between incubation at each temperature The fluorescence spectra showed that protein-like fluorescent DOM contained in dwarf bamboo soil is consumed by microorganisms, which promotes leaching of humic-like fluorescent DOM and carbon mineralization during the incubation period at a higher temperature Compared with marsh vegetation soil, the DOM in dwarf bamboo soil is susceptible to temperature rises and can be a larger source of CO₂ emissions. This study shows that evaluation of DOM properties in soil could be useful to assess the effect of climate change on soil environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Recommanded Product: 106-79-6).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 106-79-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Behavior of 4-amino-5-carboxy-2-methylpyrimidine in aqueous solution was written by Hirai, Eizo. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1966.Computed Properties of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

MeI (4 ml.) added to 1 g. 4-amino-5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylpyrimidine in 10 ml. Me₂CO, the mixture refluxed 1 hr., and the precipitate formed on cooling heated 1 hr. on a steam bath with 10 ml. 5% HI gave 0.6 g. hemihydrate of the 1-methyl betaine of 4-amino-5-carboxy-2-methylpyrimidine, decomposed 226-7鎺?(aqueous alc.). The 1-methyl betaine of 2-aminonicotinic acid, decomposed 269-71鎺? and the 1-methyl betaine of 2-aminoisonicotinic acid were similarly prepared The basic ionization constants of 2-aminonicotinic acid (I) and 2-aminoisonicotinic acid (II) and of their Me and Et esters and 1-methyl betaines, and of 4-amino-5-carboxy-2-methylpyrimidine (III) and its Et ester and 1-methyl betaine were determined potentiometrically and spectrophotometrically. The basic pK_a values of I and II were much lower than those calculated from the Hammett eq. I and II exist largely as zwitterions in H₂O. On the basis of the uv absorption spectra of I-III as compared with those of the corresponding Et esters and 1-methyl betaines, I-III exist predominantly as zwitterions in H₂O. An evaluation of the equilibrium constants between the zwitterion form and uncharged form in H₂O for I and III from the Edsall and Blanchard equation (CA 27, 5233) is in agreement with this conclusion. Ir spectra of I-III in the solid state show that the compounds form an uncharged polymer linked by H bonding between the carboxyl and a nuclear N. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Computed Properties of C7H8N2O2).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A systematic study of key odourants, non-volatile compounds, and antioxidant capacity of cascara (dried Coffea arabica pulp) was written by Pua, Aileen;Choo, Wei Xian Desmond;Goh, Rui Min Vivian;Liu, Shao Quan;Cornuz, Maurin;Ee, Kim-Huey;Sun, Jingcan;Lassabliere, Benjamin;Yu, Bin. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

Derived from the residues of coffee processing (pulp), cascara has been consumed traditionally as a tea-like infusion, in part due to its pleasant flavor and nutritional properties. In this study, the volatile and non-volatile compositions of five cascaras (Coffea arabica) were systematically characterised to understand their organoleptic and antioxidant properties. Using solvent assisted flavor evaporation, 151 volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, 18 key odourants were elucidated by aroma extract dilution anal., of which some were common odourants of dried fruits and black tea. Non-volatile compounds, including 7 sugars, 6 organic acids, 3 methylxanthines, and 35 polyphenols were detected and quantified via liquid chromatog. techniques. Finally, the volatile and non-volatile compositions of the five cascaras were differentiated through principal component anal. Therefore, this study expands the current knowledge about cascara and may facilitate further research on its application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7HPLC of Formula: 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A practical approach to orthogonally connected oligopyrrole-peptide conjugates was written by Vazquez, Eugenio;Caamano, Ana M.;Castedo, Luis;Gramberg, Dieter;Mascarenas, Jose L.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1999.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O4 This article mentions the following:

A practical method for synthesizing an orthogonally connected oligopyrrole-peptide conjugate by coupling the oligopyrrole fragment to a selectively deprotected glutamic acid side-chain of a resin-bound peptide is described. For example, oligo(N-methylpyrrole)-peptide conjugate I (X = H₃CCO-Asp-Pro-Ala-Ala-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Arg-Asn-Thr-Glu-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-Ala-) was prepared via standard solid-phase synthesis. These type of compounds may reproduce the DNA binding properties of natural proteins. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7Electric Literature of C7H8N2O4).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Transition-Metal-Free Regiospecific Aroylation of Nitroarenes Using Ethyl Arylacetates at Room Temperature was written by Kumar, Promod;Sharma, Anup Kumar;Guntreddi, Tirumaleswararao;Singh, Rahul;Singh, Krishna Nand. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2018.SDS of cas: 587-88-2 This article mentions the following:

A novel regiospecific C(sp³)-C(sp²) coupling between Et arylacetates and nitroarenes was developed to deliver biaryl ketones in excellent yields. The protocol is metal-free, mild, and compatible with a number of functional groups on both of the reacting partners. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2SDS of cas: 587-88-2).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 587-88-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The discovery and structure-activity relationships leading to CE-156811, a difluorophenyl cyclopropyl fluoroether: A novel potent antibacterial analog derived from hygromycin A was written by Le, Phuong T.;Brickner, Steven J.;Wade, Sarah K.;Brighty, Katherine;Monahan, Rhonda;Stone, Gregory G.;Girard, Dennis;Finegan, Steve;Duignan, Joan;Schafer, John;Maloney, Meghan;Zaniewski, Richard P.;Connolly, Ann G.;Liras, Jennifer;Bordner, Jon;Samardjiev, Ivan. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2011.Application of 98231-07-3 This article mentions the following:

SAR studies and optimization of various modified Hygromycin A fluoroalkyl ethers, which led to the discovery of the highly potent 4′-(2-cyclopropyl-2-fluoroethyl ether) antibacterial CE-156811 (1) derived from truncation of the ribose ring and difluorination of the Ph found in Hygromycin A, are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3,3-dimethoxycyclobutanecarboxylate (cas: 98231-07-3Application of 98231-07-3).

Methyl 3,3-dimethoxycyclobutanecarboxylate (cas: 98231-07-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 98231-07-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Accumulation and translocation of traditional and novel organophosphate esters and phthalic acid esters in plants during the whole life cycle was written by Fan, Yun;Zeng, Yuan;Huang, Yu-Qi;Guan, Yu-Feng;Sun, Yu-Xin;Chen, She-Jun;Mai, Bi-Xian. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widespread contaminants in the environment. The variations of these chems. in plants throughout their life cycle is little known. In this study, OPEs, OPE metabolites, and PAEs in peanut and corn grown under field conditions, soil, and air were measured to understand the uptake and translocation, distributions in the plant compartments, and metabolism in the plants. The soil concentrations showed an enrichment effect of OPEs onto the rhizosphere soil but a depletion effect of PAEs on rhizosphere soils. The PAE concentrations between peanut (with a mean of 1295 ng/g dw) and corn (3339 ng/g dw) were significantly different, but the OPE concentrations were not significantly different (with means of 15.6 and 19.2 ng/g dw, resp.). OPE metabolites were also detected in the plants, with lower concentrations and detection rates. Similarities and differences in the temporal variations of the concentrations of traditional OPEs, novel OPEs, and PAEs in plants during their growth were observed The variations were dependent on both plant species and particular tissues. The leaf compartment is the most important reservoir of OPEs and PAEs (but not OPE metabolites) for both species, highlighting the importance of an aerial uptake pathway. The chems. have a low potential to be translocated into peanut and corn kernels, reducing their risks via food consumption. Less hydrophobic compounds have higher root concentration factors in this study. These observations differ from those of previous hydroponic experiments In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Synthetic Route of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics