Month: February 2023

Identification of new shikonin derivatives as STAT3 inhibitors was written by Qiu, Han-Yue;Fu, Jiang-Yan;Yang, Min-Kai;Han, Hong-Wei;Wang, Peng-Fei;Zhang, Ya-Han;Lin, Hong-Yan;Tang, Cheng-Yi;Qi, Jin-Liang;Yang, Rong-Wu;Wang, Xiao-Ming;Zhu, Hai-Liang;Yang, Yong-Hua. And the article was included in Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2017.Safety of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is a constitutively activated oncogenic protein in various human tumors and represents a valid target for anticancer drug design. In this study, the authors have achieved a new type of STAT3 inhibitors based on structural modifications on shikonin scaffold, guided by computational modeling. By tests, PMMB-187 exhibited a more outstanding profile than shikonin on a small panel of human breast cancer cells, especially for the MDA-MB-231 cells. For the cellular mechanisms research, PMMB-187 was found to induce cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, associated with the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, production of ROS and alteration of the levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, PMMB-187 inhibited constitutive/inducible STAT3 activation, transcriptional activity, nuclear translocation and downstream target genes expression in STAT3-dependent breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Besides, no obvious inhibitory effect on activation of STAT1 and STAT5 was observed with PMMB-187 treatment. Most notably, the in vivo studies further revealed that PMMB-187 could dramatically suppress the MDA-MB-231 cells xenografted tumor growth. The in vitro and in vivo results collectively suggest that PMMB-187 may serve as a promising lead compound for the further development of potential therapeutic anti-neoplastic agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Safety of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Safety of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Translocator protein ligands based on N-methyl-(quinolin-4-yl)oxypropanamides with properties suitable for PET radioligand development was written by Brouwer, Chad;Jenko, Kimberly J.;Zoghbi, Sami S.;Morse, Cheryl L.;Innis, Robert B.;Pike, Victor W.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2-aminonicotinate This article mentions the following:

Modifications to an N-methyl-(quinolin-4-yl)oxypropanamide scaffold were explored to discover leads for developing new radioligands for PET imaging of brain TSPO (translocator protein), a biomarker of neuroinflammation. Whereas contraction of the quinolinyl portion of the scaffold or cyclization of the tertiary amido group abolished high TSPO affinity, insertion of an extra nitrogen atom into the 2-arylquinolinyl portion was effective in retaining sub-nanomolar affinity for rat TSPO, while also decreasing lipophilicity to within the moderate range deemed preferable for a PET radioligand. Replacement of a Ph group on the amido nitrogen with an iso-Pr group was similarly effective. Among others, compound 20 (N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yloxy]propanamide) appears especially appealing for PET radioligand development, based on high selectivity and high affinity (K_i = 0.5 nM) for rat TSPO, moderate lipophilicity (logD = 2.48), and demonstrated amenability to labeling with carbon-11. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2-aminonicotinate).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2-aminonicotinate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploiting excited-state aromaticity to design highly stable singlet fission materials was written by Fallon, Kealan J.;Budden, Peter;Salvadori, Enrico;Ganose, Alex M.;Savory, Christopher N.;Eyre, Lissa;Dowland, Simon;Ai, Qianxiang;Goodlett, Stephen;Risko, Chad;Scanlon, David O.;Kay, Christopher W. M.;Rao, Akshay;Friend, Richard H.;Musser, Andrew J.;Bronstein, Hugo. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Quality Control of Methyl 2-thienylacetate This article mentions the following:

Singlet fission, the process of forming two triplet excitons from one singlet exciton, is a characteristic reserved for only a handful of organic mols. due to the atypical energetic requirement for low energy excited triplet states. The predominant strategy for achieving such a trait is by increasing ground state diradical character; however, this greatly reduces ambient stability. Herein, we exploit Baird’s rule of excited state aromaticity to manipulate the singlet-triplet energy gap and create novel singlet fission candidates. We achieve this through the inclusion of a [4n] 5-membered heterocycle, whose electronic resonance promotes aromaticity in the triplet state, stabilizing its energy relative to the singlet excited state. Using this theory, we design a family of derivatives of indolonaphthyridine thiophene (INDT) with highly tunable excited state energies. Not only do we access novel singlet fission materials, they also exhibit excellent ambient stability, imparted due to the delocalized nature of the triplet excited state. Spin-coated films retained up to 85% activity after several weeks of exposure to oxygen and light, while analogous films of TIPS-pentacene showed full degradation after 4 days, showcasing the excellent stability of this class of singlet fission scaffold. Extension of our theor. anal. to almost ten thousand candidates reveals an unprecedented degree of tunability and several thousand potential fission-capable candidates, while clearly demonstrating the relationship between triplet aromaticity and singlet-triplet energy gap, confirming this novel strategy for manipulating the exchange energy in organic materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Quality Control of Methyl 2-thienylacetate).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of Methyl 2-thienylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thermophysical properties of sulfur heterocycles: Thiane and thiophene derivatives was written by Temprado, Manuel;Roux, Maria Victoria;Jimenez, Pilar;Guzman-Mejia, Ramon;Juaristi, Eusebio. And the article was included in Thermochimica Acta in 2006.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The present study reports a DSC study of the sulfur heterocyclic compounds: 2,2′-bithiophene [492-97-7]; 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid [4282-31-9]; 3-acetylthiophene [1468-83-3]; 2-thiopheneacetic acid [1918-77-0]; 3-thiopheneacetic acid [6964-21-2]; 1,4-dithiane sulfone [139408-38-1]; 1,3-oxathiane-3,3-dioxide (1,3-oxathiane sulfone) [109577-03-9], and 1,4-oxathiane-4,4-dioxide (1,4-oxathiane sulfone) [107-61-9] in the temperature interval T = 268 K and the melting temperatures Temperatures, enthalpies, and entropies of fusion are reported. 1,4-Oxathiane sulfone presents solid-solid phase transitions near fusion. No addnl. solid-solid phase transitions were observed for the other solid compounds For the compounds that are solids over the temperature interval, the heat capacity of the condensed phase was measured. Heat capacities at T = 298.15 K for the liquids 2-acetylthiophene [88-15-3]; Me, 2-thiopheneacetate [19432-68-9]; Me, 3-thiopheneacetate [58414-52-1], and thiazole [288-47-1] were also measured. The C_p,m (298.15 K) values obtained in this work were compared with the available exptl. data and with values estimated with group contribution schemes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structural insight into the optimization of ethyl 5-hydroxybenzo[g]indol-3-carboxylates and their bioisosteric analogues as 5-LO/m-PGES-1 dual inhibitors able to suppress inflammation was written by Bruno, Ferdinando;Errico, Suann;Pace, Simona;Nawrozkij, Maxim B.;Mkrtchyan, Arthur S.;Guida, Francesca;Maisto, Rosa;Olgac, Abdurrahman;D’Amico, Michele;Maione, Sabatino;De Rosa, Mario;Banoglu, Erden;Werz, Oliver;Fiorentino, Antonio;Filosa, Rosanna. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandines (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), arising from the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade, play a crucial role in initiating, maintaining, and regulating inflammatory processes. New dual inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1 (mPGES-1), that block, at the same time, the formation of PGE₂ and LTs, are currently emerged as a highly interesting drug candidates for better pharmacotherapie of inflammation-related disorders. Following our previous studies, we here performed a detailed structure-based design of benzo[g]indol-3-carboxylate derivatives, disclosing several new key factors that affect both enzyme activity. Et 2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-benzo[g]indole-3-carboxylate (4b, RAF-01) and Et 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-benzo[g]indole-3-carboxylate (7h, RAF-02) emerged as the most active compounds of the series. Addnl., together with selected structure based analogs, both derivatives displayed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, modeling and exptl. studies lead to the discovery of new candidate compounds prone to further developments as multi-target inhibitors of the inflammatory pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Potential anticancer agents. XXI. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new triazene derivatives was written by Cornea, Felicia;Ionescu, D.;Zglobiu, Mariana;Botez, Georgeta;Dobre, V.;Niculescu-Duvaz, I.. And the article was included in Revue Roumaine de Chimie in 1980.Computed Properties of C10H13NO2 This article mentions the following:

Triazenes I (R = OH, alkoxy, OPh, amino, amino acid residue) (36 compounds) were prepared by diazotizing the amines and reaction with Me₂NH. Some I showed moderate activity against Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. II was similarly prepared and gave an increased life span of 35% in leukemia L1210-infected mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8Computed Properties of C10H13NO2).

Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C10H13NO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of aroma-active compounds in Jasminum sambac concrete by aroma extract dilution analysis and odour activity value was written by Zhang, Jinglin;Li, Juan;Wang, Juan;Sun, Baoguo;Liu, Yuping;Huang, Mingquan. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2021.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

Jasminum sambac is a flower and usually used in food, cosmetics or other chem. industries for its unique flavor characteristics in China. However, mol. sensory technologies have not applied to identify aroma-active compounds in J sambac concrete. In this study, gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation were applied to isolate the odorants in three Chinese J sambac concrete (E1, E2 and E3) obtained from different companies. A total of forty-nine, forty-eight, thirty-nine odorants were screened by GC-O with aroma extract dilution anal. in E1, E2 and E3, resp. The higher flavor dilution (FD) factors were linalool (19 683-59 049, floral), Me anthranilate (6561-19 683, grape-like) and benzyl acetate (2187-19 683, floral). Twenty-two aroma compounds were quantitated by gas chromatog.-flame ionization detection with internal standard, and then their odor activity values were obtained. Linalool, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalyl acetate, eugenol and Me salicylate contributed greatly to the aroma of J sambac concretes. The aroma recombination model was established by mixing twenty-two key odorants based on their measured concentrations, and the result revealed that the overall aroma profile was similar to that of the original sample. These results proved basic data for improvement of the national standard of jasmine concrete. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Flavor components in tobacco capsules identified through non-targeted quantitative analysis was written by Lim, Hyun-Hee;Choi, Kyeong-Yun;Shin, Ho-Sang. And the article was included in Journal of Mass Spectrometry in 2022.Related Products of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Tobacco flavors increase the attractiveness of a tobacco brand and ultimately promote addiction. Information about what flavor and how much flavor is in flavor capsules can provide an effective way to regulate tobacco flavor. In this study, 128 flavor chems. were identified and quantified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry using libraries and authentic standards Validation of the developed method was performed for interference, detection limits, calibration curves, accuracy, and precision. Menthol was the main ingredient in all capsules, and the carcinogenic pulegone was detected. Detected menthofuran, benzyl alc., geraniol, and eugenol cause toxic or severe irritation, and detected lactones can increase nicotine addiction by inhibiting nicotine metabolism in smokers. Margin of exposures for carcinogenic pulegone and non-carcinogenic menthol were well below safety thresholds, indicating a significant risk of inhalation exposure. It is desirable to prohibit the use of flavor capsules in consideration of human risk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Related Products of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Related Products of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative propargylation/hydroamination reactions: access to C3 灏?ketoester-functionalized indoles was written by Wang, Sasa;Liu, Miao;Chen, Xinzheng;Wang, Huifei;Zhai, Hongbin. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2018.Computed Properties of C12H14O3 This article mentions the following:

A copper-catalyzed reaction of ethynyl benzoxazinanones with readily accessible 灏?ketoesters via a decarboxylative propargylation/hydroamination sequence was developed. This protocol furnished a diverse range of C3 灏?hydroxyester-functionalized indoles I [R¹ = H, 4-Me, 5-Me, 5-OMe, etc.; R² = Me, Ph, Bn, etc.; R³ = Et, i-Pr, Bn, etc.] in good to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Computed Properties of C12H14O3).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C12H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Understanding the Metabolism of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs): The Next Step toward Pharmaceutical Applications was written by Goracci, Laura;Desantis, Jenny;Valeri, Aurora;Castellani, Beatrice;Eleuteri, Michela;Cruciani, Gabriele. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Hetero-bifunctional PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) represent a new emerging class of small mols. designed to induce polyubiquitylation and proteasomal-dependent degradation of a target protein. Despite the increasing number of publications about the synthesis, biol. evaluation, and mechanism of action of PROTACs, the characterization of the pharmacokinetic properties of this class of compounds is still minimal. Here, we report a study on the metabolism of a series of 40 PROTACs in cryopreserved human hepatocytes at multiple time points. Our results indicated that the metabolism of PROTACs could not be predicted from that of their constituent ligands. Their linkers’ chem. nature and length resulted in playing a major role in the PROTACs’ liability. A subset of compounds was also tested for metabolism by human cytochrome P 450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX) for more in-depth data interpretation, and both enzymes resulted in active PROTAC metabolism In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics