Month: February 2023

Modular Synthesis of Bicyclic and Tricyclic (Aza-) Arenes from Nucleophilic (Aza-)Arenes with Electrophilic Side Arms via [4+2] Annulation Reactions was written by Huang, Wenbo;Chen, Shaomin;Yang, Jian;El-Harairy, Ahmed;Wang, Xin;Li, Minghao;Gu, Yanlong. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2019.Application of 13669-10-8 This article mentions the following:

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of bicyclic aza-arenes I [R¹ = Me, Ph, 2-thienyl, etc.; R² = Me, OEt, OBn, etc.; Ar = OMe, Cl, Ph, etc.] and tricyclic aza-arenes, e.g., II from a nucleophilic aza-arene with an electrophilic side arm was developed. The aza-arene precursor had both nucleophilic and electrophilic sites, which were fixed at a 1,4-distance. The bicyclic and tricyclic (aza-)arene products I and II were constructed via [4+2] annulation by using scandium(III) triflate as a catalyst and enolizable ketones or aldehydes as the counterpart reagents. A variety of six-membered carbocycles and heterocycles, such as indolizines, indoles, naphthalenes, carbazoles and pyrido[1,2-浼猐indoles, were successfully synthesized. Some one-pot sequential reactions were also developed, in which the 1,4-donor-acceptor precursors can be synthesized via oxidation of alcs. or a proper condensation reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Application of 13669-10-8).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 13669-10-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optimization of the benzamide fragment targeting the S₂‘ site leads to potent dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors was written by Deng, Xiaoyan;Wang, Na;Meng, Liuwei;Zhou, Siru;Huang, Junli;Xing, Junhao;He, Linhong;Jiang, Weizhe;Li, Qing. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 180636-50-4 This article mentions the following:

Our recently successful identification of benzoic acid-based DPP-4 inhibitors spurs the further quest for in-depth structure-activity relationships (SAR) study in S₂‘ site DPP-4. Thus novel benzamide fragments were designed to target the S₂‘ site to compromise lipophilicity and improve oral activity. Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4’-chlorine substituted Me amide, (R)-3-((4-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-3-(but-2-yn-1-yl)-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)-4-chloro-N-methylbenzamide hydro chloride (17g), [2380226-71-9], showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC₅₀ value of 1.6 nM. Its activity was superior to reference alogliptin. Docking study ideally verified and interpreted the obtained SAR of designed compounds As a continuation, DPP-8/9 assays revealed the designed compounds exhibited good selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. Subsequent cell-based test indicated (17g) displayed low toxicity toward the LO2 cell line up to 100娓璏. In vivo evaluation showed (17g) robustly improved the glucose tolerance in normal mice. Importantly, (17g) exhibited reasonable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles for oral delivery. Overall, (17g) has the potential to a safe and efficacious DPP-4 inhibitor for T2DM treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoate (cas: 180636-50-4HPLC of Formula: 180636-50-4).

Methyl 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoate (cas: 180636-50-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 180636-50-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enthalpy of formation of thiophene derivatives was written by Zauer, E. A.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) in 2011.Formula: C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

The enthalpy of formation in the gas phase has been calculated for 21 carbonyl compounds of the thiophene series with the aid of the PM3, MINDO, AM1, and MNDO semiempirical quantum-chem. methods. Comparison of them with exptl. data showed that the best linear correlation was achieved with the PM3 method. The latter in conjunction with a developed linear regression equation has been used to predict the enthalpy of formation of 22 carboxylic acids and ketones of the thiophene series. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Formula: C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Resolution of secondary alcohols via Carica papaya lipase-catalyzed enantioselective acylation was written by Miyazawa, Toshifumi;Houhashi, Mika;Inoue, Yusuke;Murashima, Takashi;Yamada, Takashi. And the article was included in Biotechnology Letters in 2008.Application of 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

The Carica papaya lipase-catalyzed acylation of benzylcarbinols with vinyl hexanoate proceeded smoothly and enantiospecifically (E > 200), affording the R-esters and leaving the S-alcs. intact. Thus, this plant lipase proved to be a promising biocatalyst for the resolution of alcs. as well as for that of carboxylic acids reported earlier. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Application of 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application of 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of polyfluoroalkyl substituted cyclopropane derivatives was written by Wu, Fan-Hong;Gu, Song;Huang, Wei-Yuan. And the article was included in Youji Huaxue in 2006.Product Details of 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

A new convenient synthesis of a series of polyfluoroalkyl substituted cyclopropane derivatives was achieved by the reaction of polyfluoroalkyl iodides with di-Et (allyl)malonate in the presence of sodium dithionite in 45-55% yields. The reaction of allyl acetoacetate with polyfluoroalkyl iodides under similar conditions gave the corresponding adducts. Treatment of the latter with base gave the desired cyclization products, such as, for example, 2-(3-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)-1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid di-Et ester. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Product Details of 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Product Details of 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A new and facile method for the direct preparation of 浼?hydroxy carboxylic acid esters from 浼?灏?unsaturated carboxylic acid esters with molecular oxygen and phenylsilane catalyzed by bis(dipivaloylmethanato)manganese(II) complex was written by Inoki, Satoshi;Kato, Koji;Isayama, Shigeru;Mukaiyama, Teruaki. And the article was included in Chemistry Letters in 1990.HPLC of Formula: 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

The regioselective oxygenation of 浼?灏?unsaturated carboxylates was catalyzed by bis(pivaloylmethanato)manganese(II) in the presence of PhSiH₃. E.g., the oxygenation of (E)-MeCH:CHCO₂CH₂Ph gave 91% EtCH(OH)CO₂CH₂Ph. The oxygenation of di-Me fumarate and di-Me maleate gave di-Me malate. The reaction proceeds presumably via a radical process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0HPLC of Formula: 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.HPLC of Formula: 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of Simultaneous Co-Fermentation of Five Indigenous Non-Saccharomyces Strains with S. cerevisiae on Vidal Icewine Aroma Quality was written by Ge, Qian;Guo, Chunfeng;Zhang, Jing;Yan, Yue;Zhao, Danqing;Li, Caihong;Sun, Xiangyu;Ma, Tingting;Yue, Tianli;Yuan, Yahong. And the article was included in Foods in 2021.Recommanded Product: 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

In this study, Vidal grape must was fermented using com. Saccharomyces cerevisiae F33 in pure culture as a control and in mixed culture with five indigenous non-Saccharomyces yeast strains (Hanseniaspora uvarum QTX22, Saccharomycopsis crataegensis YC30, Pichia kluyveri HSP14, Metschnikowia pulcherrima YC12, and Rhodosporidiobolus lusitaniae QTX15) through simultaneous fermentation in a 1:1 ratio. Simultaneous fermentation inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae F33 and delayed the time to reach the maximum biomass. Compared with pure fermentation, the contents of polyphenols, acetic esters, Et esters, other esters, and terpenes were increased by R. lusitaniae QTX15, S. crataegensis YC30, and P. kluyveri HSP14 through simultaneous fermentation S. crataegensis YC30 produced the highest total aroma activity and the most abundant aroma substances of all the wine samples. The odor activity values of 1 C13-norisoprenoid, 3 terpenes, 6 acetic esters, and 10 Et esters improved significantly, and three lactones (鏈?decalactone, 绾?nonalactone, and 绾?decalactone) related to coconut and creamy flavor were only found in this wine. Moreover, this sample showed obvious floral and fruity note odor due to having the highest amount of Et ester aromatic substances and cinnamene, linalool, citronellol, 灏?damascenone, isoamyl ethanoate, benzylcarbinyl acetate, iso-Bu acetate, etc. We suggest that simultaneous fermentation of S. crataegensis YC30 with S. cerevisiae might represent a novel strategy for the future production of Vidal icewine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Recommanded Product: 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of 4-((3’R,4’S,5’R)-6”-Chloro-4′-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1′-ethyl-2”-oxodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3”-indoline]-5′-carboxamido)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic Acid (AA-115/APG-115): A Potent and Orally Active Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) Inhibitor in Clinical Development was written by Aguilar, Angelo;Lu, Jianfeng;Liu, Liu;Du, Ding;Bernard, Denzil;McEachern, Donna;Przybranowski, Sally;Li, Xiaoqin;Luo, Ruijuan;Wen, Bo;Sun, Duxin;Wang, Hengbang;Wen, Jianfeng;Wang, Guangfeng;Zhai, Yifan;Guo, Ming;Yang, Dajun;Wang, Shaomeng. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Synthetic Route of C10H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

The authors previously reported the design of spirooxindoles with two identical substituents at the carbon-2 of the pyrrolidine core as potent MDM2 inhibitors. In this paper the authors describe an extensive structure-activity relationship study of this class of MDM2 inhibitors, which led to the discovery of 60 (AA-115/APG-115, 4-((3R,4S,5R)-6”-chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1-ethyl-2”-oxodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2-pyrrolidine-3,3”-indoline]-5′-carboxamido)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid). Compound 60 has a very high affinity to MDM2 (K_i < 1 nM), potent cellular activity, and an excellent oral pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 60 is capable of achieving complete and long-lasting tumor regression in vivo and is currently in phase I clin. trials for cancer treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylate (cas: 135908-33-7Synthetic Route of C10H17NO2).

Methyl 4-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylate (cas: 135908-33-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C10H17NO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Transesterification of diethyl malonate with n-butanol over HPWA/MCM-41 molecular sieves was written by Ajaikumar, S.;Backiaraj, M.;Mikkola, J.-P.;Pandurangan, A.. And the article was included in Journal of Porous Materials in 2013.Name: malonic acid dibutyl ester This article mentions the following:

Mesoporous Si-MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al = 100) materials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Three different ratios (10, 20 and 30 wt%) of heteropoly tungstic acid (HPWA) was loaded on Si-MCM-41 by wet impregnation techniques. The characteristic structural features of the prepared materials were studied by various physico-chem. techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen physisorption (BET), temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transesterification of di-Et malonate (DEM) with n-butanol under autogenous conditions in a temperature range from 50 to 125鎺?was selected as the test reaction for the as synthesized materials. The reactants were fed with various mole ratios in order to determine the optimal feed composition leading to maximum yields of transesterified products. The results indicated that the conversion of di-Et malonate depends on the HPWA concentration on the support, temperature, reaction time and mole ratio of the reactants. Further, the catalytic efficiency of HPWA/MCM-41 was compared with that of Al-MCM-41. The solid acid HPWA/MCM-41 catalysts have several advantages in comparison to conventional mineral acid catalysts which are heterogeneous, eco-friendly, highly active and selective in the formation of transesters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Name: malonic acid dibutyl ester).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: malonic acid dibutyl ester

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mixed dialkylaluminum chlorides and mixed trimethylorganoaluminates in chemoselective 1,4-addition reactions to alkylidene malonic acid diethyl ester was written by Maas, Steffen;Kunz, Horst. And the article was included in Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Weinheim, Germany) in 2000.Application of 10203-58-4 This article mentions the following:

Mixed (alkyl)methylaluminum chlorides (aryl)methylaluminum chlorides were formed by reaction of methylaluminum dichloride with organolithium or Grignard compounds and used for chemoselective 1,4-addition of higher alkyl, aryl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups to (alkylidene)propanedioates. Such aluminum reagents were prepared in situ; for example: (butyl)methylaluminum chloride, lithium butyltrimethylaluminate(1-), chloro(1-hexynyl)methylaluminum, chloro(ethenyl)methylaluminum. As an alternative, mixed trimethylorganoaluminates can also be applied for these Michael addition reactions. For conjugate addition of alkenyl groups to (alkylidene)propanedioates, alkenyl diisopropylalanes obtained from alkynes and diisopropylaluminum hydride proved the most efficient reagents. Using these novel mixed organoaluminum compounds, 灏?branched malonic (carboxylic) acid derivatives were obtained in good yields. The method offers a general access to 灏?branched carboxylic derivatives of quite diverse structure not dependent on the com. availability of the organoaluminum chlorides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4Application of 10203-58-4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application of 10203-58-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics