Month: February 2023

Strong inhibition of cholera toxin B subunit by affordable, polymer-based multivalent inhibitors was written by Haksar, Diksha;de Poel, Eyleen;van Ufford, Linda Quarles;Bhatia, Sumati;Haag, Rainer;Beekman, Jeffrey;Pieters, Roland J.. And the article was included in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 2019.Reference of 4163-60-4 This article mentions the following:

Cholera is a potentially fatal bacterial infection that affects a large number of people in developing countries. It is caused by the cholera toxin (CT), an AB₅ toxin secreted by Vibrio cholera. The toxin comprises a toxic A-subunit and a pentameric B-subunit that bind to the intestinal cell surface. Several monovalent and multivalent inhibitors of the toxin have been synthesized but are too complicated and expensive for practical use in developing countries. Meta-nitrophenyl 浼?galactoside (MNPG) is a known promising ligand for CT, and here mono- and multivalent compounds based on MNPG were synthesized. We present the synthesis of MNPG in greatly improved yields and its use while linked to a multivalent scaffold. We used economical polymers as multivalent scaffolds, namely, polyacrylamide, dextran, and hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPGs). Copper-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) produced the inhibitors that were tested in an ELISA-type assay and an intestinal organoid swelling inhibition assay. The inhibitory properties varied widely depending on the type of polymer, and the most potent conjugates showed IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Reference of 4163-60-4).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 4163-60-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pharmacophore optimization of imidazole chalcones to modulate microtubule dynamics was written by Karaj, Endri;Dlamini, Samkeliso;Koranne, Radhika;Sindi, Shaimaa H.;Perera, Lalith;Taylor, William R.;Viranga Tillekeratne, L. M.. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 155380-11-3 This article mentions the following:

We recently reported a new class of imidazole-based chalcones as potential antimitotic agents. In view of their promising cytotoxic activity, a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds was undertaken focusing on four major structural variations: the length of the mol., the Michael acceptor character, the nature and substitution pattern of ring B, and the nature of the amide functionality tethering ring B. These second-generation analogs (IBCs) demonstrated a superior bioactivity profile than the previously reported imidazole chalcones (referred to as IPEs). The analog IBC-2 with one less methylene group (nor series) and para-fluoro substituted ring B demonstrated the best cytotoxicity profile among the library of compounds A computational anal. of the NCI-60 data associated both IBCs and the previously reported IPEs with the privileged pharmacol. pharmacophore of chalcones. Interestingly, biol. studies suggest that the imidazole ring is essential for cytotoxic activity of the elongated chalcone analogs. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that IBC-2, unlike IPEs, has the ability to induce microtubule catastrophe independently of Aurora-B inhibition. The effects of IBC-2 on microtubule dynamics are similar to those of Nocodazole, but the cell cycle effects appear to be different. In-silico studies demonstrate that the members of the new series have the ability to bind to the colchicine binding site of 灏?tubulin with binding scores similar to those of IPEs, corresponding chalcones and Nocodazole. Although tubulin binding can partially explain the biol. effects of IBC-2, on-going target identification studies are aimed at further investigation of its biol. targets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)acetate (cas: 155380-11-3HPLC of Formula: 155380-11-3).

Methyl 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)acetate (cas: 155380-11-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 155380-11-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized 灏?Keto Esters and 灏?Diketones through Regioselective Hydration of Alkynyl Esters and Alkynyl Ketones by Use of a Cationic NHC-Au^I Catalyst was written by Tarigopula, Chandrahas;Thota, Ganesh Kumar;Balamurugan, Rengarajan. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Related Products of 33166-79-9 This article mentions the following:

Regioselective hydration of 浼?alkynyl esters and ketones by using a cationic NHC-Au^I catalyst results in 灏?keto esters and 灏?diketones, resp. Controlled release of water in acetone by aldol self-condensation under the reaction conditions makes acetone as better solvent than 1,4-dioxane/water for the hydration of 浼?alkynyl esters having sensitive ester moieties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Related Products of 33166-79-9).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 33166-79-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Extraction of phthalic acid esters from soft drinks and infusions by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of the floating organic drop using a menthol-based natural deep eutectic solvent was written by Ortega-Zamora, Cecilia;Jimenez-Skrzypek, Gabriel;Gonzalez-Salamo, Javier;Hernandez-Borges, Javier. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2021.Application of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

In this work, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) consisting of L-menthol and acetic acid in a 1:1 molar ratio has been applied as extraction solvent for the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of the floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) of a group of nine phthalic acid esters (di-Pr phthalate, DPP; Bu benzyl phthalate, BBP; di-Bu phthalate, DBP; dicyclohexyl phthalate, DCHP; diisopentyl phthalate, DIPP; di-n-pentyl phthalate, DNPP; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP; diisononyl phthalate, DINP; and diisodecyl phthalate, DIDP) from three common infusions (chamomile, pennyroyal mint, and linden teas) and three soft drinks (green tea, tonic, and lime and lemon drink), using dihexyl phthalate (DHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) as internal standards After the DLLME-SFO procedure, analyses were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatog. with UV detection. Method calibration showed good linearity for all the analytes and matrixes, with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9910. Relative recovery values were between 71 and 125%, with relative standard deviation values in the range 1-22% for the six types of samples, while the limits of quantification of the method were in the range 4.3-51.1娓璯/L for infusions and in the range 3.5-33.3娓璯/L for soft drinks. Several samples purchased in different local supermarkets were analyzed, finding DPP, DBP, DIPP, DEHP and DINP, although only DPP, DBP and DEHP could be quantified in some of them. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of a Practical and Scalable Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3-Amino-2-[(benzyloxy)methyl]propan-1-ol Monohydrochloride: A Useful C-4 Chiral Building Block was written by Yoshida, Shinya;Obitsu, Kazuyoshi;Hayashi, Yasumasa;Shibazaki, Mitsuyoshi;Kimura, Takenori;Takahashi, Takumi;Asano, Toru;Kubota, Hirokazu;Mukuta, Takashi. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2012.Related Products of 82962-54-7 This article mentions the following:

The development of a practical and scalable synthesis of a C-4 chiral amine building block (R)-1璺疕Cl and (S)-1璺疕Cl is described. This important chiral intermediate (R)-1璺疕Cl is efficiently synthesized from the com. available, inexpensive, and simple 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol using lipase-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis as a key reaction. Development resulted in a telescoped process that was operated successfully and reproducibly in a pilot-plant-scale synthesis, and 22 kg of chiral amine (R)-1璺疕Cl was prepared in the first scale-up synthesis. This synthetic method is also useful for preparation of the important chiral building block (S)-1璺疕Cl, which is the enantiomer of (R)-1璺疕Cl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (cas: 82962-54-7Related Products of 82962-54-7).

Ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (cas: 82962-54-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Related Products of 82962-54-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparative synthesis of vanillin and vanillal alkanoates was written by Dikusar, E. A.;Vyglazov, O. G.;Moiseichuk, K. L.;Zhukovskaya, N. A.;Kozlov, N. G.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry in 2005.COA of Formula: C12H14O4 This article mentions the following:

Vanillin and its homolog, vanillal are widely used in food and perfume industries. New processes in the food industry demand new aroma chems. that would have vanilla smell but be more heat-resistant than vanillin and stable in a wide range of pH in the presence of enzymes. Procedures for preparing vanillin and vanillal alkanoates were then developed. These compounds are of interest as components of flavor food additives with popular chocolate, caramel, and milk-cream smells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4COA of Formula: C12H14O4).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C12H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and conversions of some 浼?hydroxyisobutyric acid esters was written by Kuz’michev, O. V.;Ustavshchikov, B. F.;Farberov, M. I.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii in 1968.Computed Properties of C11H14O3 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of Me2C(OH)CO2Na (I) with organic halides gave esters Me2C(OH)CO2R (II), which on dehydration gave H2C:CMeCO2R (III), of possible interest as polymerization monomers. Preparation of II was carried out either by heating the reagents in HCONMe2 or by fusing them together. Dehydration was done by heating II, containing 1-5% Cu-hydroquinone complex (a polymerization inhibitor) at 60-80鎺?in C6H6, PhMe, or xylene with PCl5. The following II and III were prepared (R, % yield, b.p./mm., n20D, and d20 of II and % yield, b.p./mm., n20D, and d20 of III given): H2C:CHCH2, 99.0, 166鎺?760, 1.4311, 1.0040, 40.0, 141鎺?760, 1.4330, 0.9300; H2C:CMeCH2, 88.0, 179鎺?760, 1.4338, 0.9870, 21.0, 70鎺?25, 1.4386, 0.9250; PhCH2, 84.5, 125鎺?10, 1.5010, 1.0860, 16.5, 236鎺?760, 1.5145, 1.0480; 2,4-Me2C6H3CH2, 97.0, 146鎺?5, 1.5051, 1.0650, 23.0, 115鎺?2, 1.5130, 1.0230; p-PhOC6H4CH2, 97.0, 173-5鎺?2, 1.5540, 1.1700, 16.5, 138鎺?1, 1.5760, 1.1589. Reaction of 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene or (p-ClCH2C6H4)2O with I gave 99.0% 1,5-bis(浼?hydroxyisobutyryloxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene, m. 73.5, and 99.0% p-Me2C(OH)CO2CH2C6H4)2O, b1.5 220鎺? n20D 1.5470, d20 1.2190, which were dehydrated to give 31.5% 1,5-bis(methacryloxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene, b1 140-5鎺? n20D 1.5336, d20 1.1609, and 40.0% (p-H2C:CHCO2CH2C6H4)2O, b1 180鎺? n20D 1.5695, d20 1.1900. Passage of II vapors over a Ca phosphate catalyst at high temperature gave simultaneous dehydration and hydrolysis to H2C:CMeCO2H and the corresponding alcs. or dialcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate (cas: 19444-23-6Computed Properties of C11H14O3).

Benzyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate (cas: 19444-23-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C11H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

2-Aminonicotinic Acid 1-Oxides Are Chemically Stable Inhibitors of Quinolinic Acid Synthesis in the Mammalian Brain: A Step toward New Antiexcitotoxic Agents was written by Vallerini, Gian Paolo;Amori, Laura;Beato, Claudia;Tararina, Margarita;Wang, Xiao-Dan;Schwarcz, Robert;Costantino, Gabriele. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2013.Reference of 14667-47-1 This article mentions the following:

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid 3,4-dioxygenase (3-HAO) is the enzyme responsible for the production of the neurotoxic tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). Elevated brain levels of QUIN are observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, but pharmacol. investigation on its role in the pathogenesis of these conditions is difficult because only one class of substrate-analog 3-HAO inhibitors, with poor chem. stability, has been reported so far. Here we describe the design, synthesis, and biol. evaluation of a novel class of chem. stable inhibitors based on the 2-aminonicotinic acid 1-oxide nucleus. After the preliminary in vitro evaluation of newly synthesized compounds using brain tissue homogenate, we selected the most active inhibitor and showed its ability to acutely reduce the production of QUIN in the rat brain in vivo. These findings provide a novel pharmacol. tool for the study of the mechanisms underlying the onset and propagation of neurodegenerative diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Reference of 14667-47-1).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 14667-47-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Physico-chemical parameters and antioxidant activity of Romanian sea buckthorn berries was written by Ion, Violeta Alexandra;Parvulescu, Oana Cristina;Velcea, Diana;Popa, Oana;Ahmadi, Mirela. And the article was included in Revista de Chimie (Bucharest, Romania) in 2019.Reference of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Physico-chem. parameters of Romanian sea buckthorn fresh or dried berries, including titratable acidity (2.28 鍗?0.06 g malic acid/100 g FM), pH (2.60 鍗?0.08), contents of moisture (75.94 鍗?2.14 g/100 g FM), ash (2.83 鍗?0.11 g/100 g DM), ascorbic acid (1337.6 鍗?37.2 mg/100 g FM), oil (3.82 鍗?0.16 g/100 g FM), and macro elements, mainly K (11654 mg/kg DM), Mg (668 mg/kg DM), Ca (645 mg/kg DM), Na (401 mg/kg DM), and P (271 mg/kg DM), were evaluated in this paper. The most abundant volatile compounds found in the volatile fraction of berries were isopentyl isovalerate (30.8%), heptanal (11.7%), Et hexanoate (10.5%), Et isovalerate (8.1%), hexanal (7.5%), and Et 2-methylbutyrate (6.3%). Total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity (expressed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity by inhibition of DPPH) of extract solutions obtained from dried berries by MAE using ethanol/water mixture as a solvent were estimated at different ratios of solvent volume/vegetal material mass (15-30 mL/g) and ethanol/water (50/50, 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 volume/volume). Inhibition of DPPH (22.61-48.60%) was well correlated with total phenolic content (4.42-10.04 mg caffeic acid equivalent/g DM) and total flavonoids content (5.37-11.14 mg quercetin equivalent/g DM). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Reference of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Reference of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A sustainable high-viscosity modified asphalt modified with multiple anti-aging agents: Micro-chemical analysis and macro-rheological characterization was written by Hu, Mingjun;Ling, Senlin;Sun, Daquan;Lu, Tong;Ma, Jianmin;Sun, Yu. And the article was included in Construction and Building Materials in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to use aging inhibition technol. to actively improve the environmental aging resistance, thus achieving the sustainable and long-life application of high-viscosity modified asphalt (HVMA). The sustainable HVMAs with different anti-aging agents was prepared, and the long-term environmental aging effect, including solar radiation, heat, and moisture, was simulated using the accelerated environmental aging tester. Then, the chem. and mol. composition of sustainable HVMAs were investigated using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy test, XPS test, and gel permeation chromatog. test. Afterwards, the nano-indentation test was used to study the nanomech. property of sustainable HVMAs. Finally, the dynamic shear rheol. test and linear amplitude sweep test were applied to evaluate the aging resistance, crack resistance, and fatigue resistance of sustainable HVMAs. The results show that environmental aging leads to the rapid oxidation of asphalt mols. and substantial degradation of polymer mols. in HVMA, as evidenced by the transformation of carbon elements from C-C/C-H bonds to C-O/C=O bonds and sulfur elements from C-S-C bonds to S=O/O=S=O bonds. A single anti-aging agent has a little aging inhibition effect, while the compounding of multiple anti-aging agents has a synergistic anti-aging enhancement effect. The combination of UV absorbers and UV blocking agents can absorb/reflect some of the UV rays and delay the UV aging process. However, they cannot effectively prevent the binding of UV-excited reactive radicals with oxygen. In contrast, incorporating antioxidants can allow hydrogen atoms to combine with UV-excited reactive radicals and prevent further oxidation of asphalt mols. The compound incorporation of UV absorbers, UV blocking agents, and antioxidants can improve the rheol. property, crack resistance, and fatigue resistance of aged HVMA, thus effectively promoting the sustainable and long-life application of HVMA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics