Month: February 2023

Stability engineering of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus alcohol dehydrogenase and application for the synthesis of a polyamide 12 precursor was written by Kirmair, Ludwig;Seiler, Daniel Leonard;Skerra, Arne. And the article was included in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in 2015.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The thermostable NAD⁺-dependent alc. dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (BsADH) was exploited with regard to the biocatalytic synthesis of 锠?oxo lauric acid Me ester (OLAMe), a key intermediate for biobased polyamide 12 production, from the corresponding long-chain alc. Recombinant BsADH was produced in Escherichia coli as a homogeneous tetrameric enzyme and showed high activity towards the industrially relevant substrate 锠?hydroxy lauric acid Me ester (HLAMe) with K_M = 86娓璏 and 44 U mg^-1. The equilibrium constant for HLAMe oxidation to the aldehyde (OLAMe) with NAD⁺ was determined as 2.16 鑴?10^-3 from the kinetic parameters of the BsADH-catalyzed forward and reverse reactions. Since BsADH displayed limited stability under oxidizing conditions, the predominant oxidation-prone residue Cys257 was mutated to Leu based on sequence homol. with related enzymes and computational simulation. This substitution resulted in an improved BsADH variant exhibiting prolonged stability and an elevated inactivation temperature Semi-preparative biocatalysis at 60鎺矯 using the stabilized enzyme, employing butyraldehyde for in situ cofactor regeneration with only catalytic amounts of NAD⁺, yielded up to 23% conversion of HLAMe to OLAMe after 30 min. In contrast to other oxidoreductases, no overoxidn. to the dodecanoic diacid monomethyl ester was detected. Thus, the mutated BsADH offers a promising biocatalyst for the selective oxidation of fatty alcs. to yield intermediates for industrial polymer production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper(II)-Catalyzed (3+2) Cycloaddition of 2H-Azirines to Six-Membered Cyclic Enols as a Route to Pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolone, Chromeno[3,4-b]pyrrole, and Naphtho[1,8-ef]indole Scaffolds was written by Sakharov, Pavel A.;Rostovskii, Nikolai V.;Khlebnikov, Alexander F.;Novikov, Mikhail S.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-thienylacetate This article mentions the following:

A method for the [2+3] pyrroline annulation to the six-membered non-aromatic enols using 3-aryl-2H-azirines as annulation agents is developed in the current study. The reaction proceeds as a formal (3+2) cycloaddition via the N1-C2 azirine bond cleavage and is catalyzed by both Cu(II) and Cu(I) compounds The new annulation method can be applied to prepare pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline, chromeno[3,4-b]pyrrole, and naphtho[1,8-ef]indole derivatives in good to excellent yields from enols of the quinolin-2-one, 2H-chromen-2-one, and 1H-phenalen-1-one series. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-thienylacetate).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-thienylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Impact of drying technologies on tomato flavor composition and sensory quality was written by Jeyaprakash, Suganya;Heffernan, Jessica E.;Driscoll, Robert H.;Frank, Damian C.. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2020.Recommanded Product: Methyl2-methylbutyrate This article mentions the following:

The impact of different drying technologies (heat pump drying-HPD, freeze drying-FD, spray drying-SPD and refractance window drying-RWD) on tomato flavor was investigated using non-volatile parameters (pH, Brix, titratable acidity, glucose, fructose, and citric acid) and odor-active volatiles. Addnl., sensory differences were characterized between the pure tomato powders and as a flavor on potato chips. Relationship between volatiles and sensory attributes was elucidated by partial least squares regression and principal component analyses. Non-volatile components, except sugars showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between low temperature drying processes (FD, HPD) and com. samples (SPD, RWD). HPD samples had the highest levels of fresh aroma volatiles compared to com. samples: 1-penten-3-one (閳?.65 mg/kg dry weight), hexanal (2.50), geranial (2.30) and 灏?ionone (0.19) and were pos. associated with higher fresh tomato flavor and sour taste. Thermally-induced volatiles; di-Me sulfide (5.99), 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.22), 2-acetylfuran (0.23) and 3-methylbutanal (0.33) were present at higher concentrations in the SPD samples and were pos. associated with tinned tomato flavor and bitter taste. The volatile compound Me 2-methylbutanoate was associated (r = 0.61) with sweet taste. HPD was demonstrated to be a mild drying technol. suitable for retaining fresh aroma volatiles and flavors of tomato and comparable to FD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Recommanded Product: Methyl2-methylbutyrate).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Methyl2-methylbutyrate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optically active 2H-azepines: synthesis and rearrangement into their 3H-isomers was written by Hamprecht, Dieter;Josten, Jakob;Steglich, Wolfgang. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1996.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A general synthesis of optically active 2H-azepines I (R = Me, PhCH₂, R¹ = Me; R = Me, Me₃CO₂CH₂, R¹ = Bu) starting from 浼?amino acids is described. The 2H-azepines easily rearrange into the corresponding 3H-isomers II. The pungent taste of chalciporone and simple 2,7-di-Me substituted 2H-azepines is due to the 2H-azepine nucleus and is independent of the absolute configuration at C-2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Classification of Japanese Pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) from Different Growing Regions Based on Analysis of Volatile Compounds and Sensory Evaluation was written by Yamasaki, Kazuaki;Fukutome, Nami;Hayakawa, Fumiyo;Ibaragi, Nobuo;Nagano, Yukio. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Reference of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

The Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) is an attractive plant that is highly palatable and benefits human health. There are several lineages of pepper plants in Japan. However, the classification of each lineage by analyzing its volatile compounds and studies on the effects of differences in volatile compounds on human flavor perception have not been performed in detail. Herein, we conducted gas chromatog. (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) anal. of volatile compounds and sensory evaluation of flavor by an anal. panel using 10 com. available dry powd. Japanese pepper products from different regions. GC and GC/MS anal. detected limonene, 灏?phellandrene, citronellal, and geranyl acetate as the major volatile compounds of Japanese peppers. The composition of volatile compounds showed different characteristics depending on the growing regions, and cluster anal. of composition classified the products into five groups. The sensory evaluation classified the products into four groups, and the results of both classifications were in good agreement. Our results provide an important basis for proposing cooking and utilization methods that take advantage of the unique characteristics of each lineage based on scientific evidence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Reference of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A metabolomics comparison of Lactobacillus communities isolated from breast milk and camel milk and Lactobacillus apis isolated from bee gut during cereals-based fermentation vs. Lactobacillus plantarum as a reference was written by Ghamry, Mohamed;Li, Li;Zhao, Wei. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Computed Properties of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

New and unconventional sources of probiotics may provide unique health efficacy by producing healthy, bioactive compounds The current study evaluates the fermentation efficiency and intrinsic effects on the bioactive substances produced by Lactobacillus apis (L. apis) as a novel strain isolated from the bumblebee gut, two different isolated Lactobacillus communities from breast milk (L.BM) and camel milk (L.CM). Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) was used as a reference during rice and oats fermentation The obtained results indicated that L.BM and L. CM treatments gave the highest production of phenolics and flavonoids values for different substrates and had the highest impact on the antioxidant capacity. All treatments demonstrated the ability to improve protein quality and properties significantly as compared to non-fermented flours. The best patterns were obtained with L.BM, followed by L. apis and L.CM compared with L. plantarum and non-fermented rice samples. The L.BM and L. apis showed a significant enhancement of volatile components in fermented rice, while L. CM displayed a pronounced effect on volatile production among oats treatments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Computed Properties of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Small Molecule Inhibitors of Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins was written by Turner, Emma M.;Blazer, Levi L.;Neubig, Richard R.;Husbands, Stephen M.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.Application of 2740-88-7 This article mentions the following:

Recently, regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets since they provide an alternative method of modulating the activity of G protein-coupled receptors, the target of so many drugs. Inhibitors of RGS proteins must block a protein-protein interaction (RGS-G浼? but also be cell and, depending on the therapeutic target, blood-brain barrier permeable. A lead compound (1a) was identified as an inhibitor of RGS4 in a screening assay, and this has now been optimized for activity, selectivity, and solubility The newly developed ligands (11b and 13) display substantial selectivity over the closely related RGS8 protein, lack the off-target calcium mobilization activity of the lead 1a, and have excellent aqueous solubility They are currently being evaluated in vivo in rodent models of depression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7Application of 2740-88-7).

4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 2740-88-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Pilot Study: Nails as a Non-invasive Biospecimen of Human Exposure to Phthalate Esters was written by Li, Chao;Jin, Yucheng;Xu, Shen;He, Huan. And the article was included in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Human biomonitoring provides a scientific approach that systematically reveals exposure to phthalates through all possible routes. In this pilot study, fingernail was chosen as a non-destructive biospecimen to assess human exposure to nine phthalates. Concentrations of total phthalates ranged from 17.8 to 176娓璯/g (median: 65.4娓璯/g). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-Bu phthalate (DBP), and di-iso-Bu phthalate were the major compounds found in fingernails, accounting for 64.3%, 19.4%, and 12.9% of the total phthalates, resp. No significant difference in phthalates concentrations was found among genders and age-related distribution (p > 0.05). The concentration of DBP was pos. correlated with participants body mass index (r = 0.83). Our results suggested that fingernail can be used as a non-invasive biospecimen for the biomonitoring of human exposure to phthalates. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between phthalates or their metabolites in fingernail and other biol. samples, such as urine and blood. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Recommanded Product: 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Addition of essential oil from lemongrass to the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diet: Effects on growth, intestinal enzymes, haematological and metabolic variables, and antimicrobial challenge was written by Copatti, Carlos E.;Felix e Silva, Altiery;Lorenzo, Vitor P.;da Costa, Mateus M.;Melo, Jose F. B.. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Synthetic Route of C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

This study evaluated the effect of dietary addition of essential oil from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) (EOCC) on growth, intestinal enzymes, biochem. and haematol. variables, and survival after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. Five diets with different levels of EOCC-0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 mL kg diet^-1-were evaluated for 60 days, followed by 15 days of bacterial infection. The major chem. compound of EOCC was 浼?citral (73.55%). There were no differences in fish survival. Supplementation of 0.25 or 0.50 mL EOCC kg diet^-1 increased weight gain (p = 0.034). In general, haematol. variables were increased in the treatment 0.25 mL EOCC kg diet^-1 (p < 0.05). As the EOCC concentration in the diet increased, plasma glucose, albumin, total cholesterol levels and hepatic somatic index were decreased, and plasma total proteins and muscle glycogen levels were increased (p < 0.05). In tambaqui fed 0.50 mL EOCC kg diet^-1, there were increased hepatic glycogen levels (p < 0.016) and intestinal alk. protease activity (p = 0.049). In conclusion, up to 0.50 mL EOCC kg diet^-1 could improve growth performance, haematol. variables, muscle glycogen levels and intestinal alk. protease activity in tambaqui but did not affect fish survival after A. hydrophila infection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Synthetic Route of C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Synthetic Route of C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improved synthesis of thiophene-2-acetic acid was written by Zhou, Jianmin;Tan, Liquan;Yu, Mei;Lin, Rihui;Huang, Min. And the article was included in Jingxi Shiyou Huagong in 2012.Formula: C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

Influence of different catalysts on acylation reaction of thiophene using thiophene and acetic anhydride as starting materials was reported. With 2-acetyl thiophene (I) as model substrate, effects of solvents and phase-transfer catalysts on oxidation rearrangement of the intermediate were studied. The oxidation rearrangement product 2-thienyl acetate (II) was formed using H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/SiO₂ and PEG-400 as the co-catalysts in chloroform. II was hydrolyzed to 2-thiophene acetic acid (III) with the yield of 66.8% after recrystallization The structure of III was confirmed by ¹H NMR and IR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Formula: C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics