Month: February 2023

DNA base pair specific ligands. II. Proton NMR spectroscopic studies of distamycin A chromophore stereochemistry was written by Turchin, K. F.;Grokhovskii, S. L.;Zhuze, A. L.;Gottikh, B. P.. And the article was included in Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya in 1978.Name: Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Several compounds containing 1,2 and 3 pyrrole rings linked by amide or methylamide bonds at position 2 or 4, e.g., I (R¹ = H, R² = OEt, NH₂, NHMe; R³ = NO₂), II (R¹ = H, R² = OEt, NHCH₂CH₂CN; R³ = H, Me; R⁴ = NO₂), and III (R¹ = H, Me; R² = OEt, OH), were prepared and investigated by proton NMR to study the stereochem. of the chromophore moiety of the antiviral antibiotic distamycin A (IV). The preferable conformation of C₂C₃ and CO bonds was trans relative to the C₂CO bond. The preferable conformation of C₂CO and NHC₄ is trans relative to the CONH bond. The preferable conformation of the NHCO and C₄C₅ bonds was cis relative to the NHC₄ bond. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7Name: Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New activators of eIF2α Kinase Heme-Regulated Inhibitor (HRI) with improved biophysical properties was written by Zhang, Qingwen;Du, Ronghui;Reis Monteiro dos Santos, Guilherme Rodrigo;Yefidoff-Freedman, Revital;Bohm, Andrew;Halperin, Jose;Chorev, Michael;Aktas, Bertal H.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Synthetic Route of C8H4N2O This article mentions the following:

Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) kinase, is critically important for coupling protein synthesis to heme availability in reticulocytes and adaptation to various environmental stressors in all cells. HRI modifies the severity of several Hb misfolding disorders including β-thalassemia. Small mol. activators of HRI are essential for studying normal- and patho-biol. of this kinase as well as for the treatment of various human disorders for which activation of HRI or phosphorylation of eIF2α may be beneficial. We previously reported development of 1-((1,4-trans)-4-aryloxycyclohexyl)-3-arylureas (cHAUs) as specific HRI activators and demonstrated their potential as mol. probes for studying HRI biol. and as lead compounds for treatment of various human disorders. To develop more druglike cHAUs for in vivo studies and drug development and to expand the chem. space, we undertook bioassay guided structure-activity relationship studies replacing cyclohexyl ring with various 4-6-membered rings and explored further substitutions on the N-Ph ring. We tested all analogs in the surrogate eIF2α phosphorylation and cell proliferation assays, and a subset of analogs in secondary mechanistic assays that included endogenous eIF2α phosphorylation and expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a downstream effector. Finally, we determined specificity of these compounds for HRI by testing their anti-proliferative activity in cells transfected with siRNA targeting HRI or mock. These compounds have significantly improved cLogPs with no loss of potencies, making them excellent candidates for lead optimization for development of investigational new drugs that potently and specifically activate HRI. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Synthetic Route of C8H4N2O).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Synthetic Route of C8H4N2O

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Regioselective metalation reactions of some substituted (methoxymethoxy)arenes was written by Winkle, Mark R.;Ronald, Robert C.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1982.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate This article mentions the following:

The methoxymethoxy substituent acts as a relatively strong ortho-directing group in hydrogen-metal exchange reactions. E.g., metalation of 3-(methoxymethoxy)pyridine with Me₃CLi in Et₂O at -78° occurred almost exclusively at C-4. In conjunction with weak ortho-directing groups, the metalation ortho to the methoxymethoxy group can be directed by either of the ortho positions by controlling the electron-donating capacity of the metalating solvent. In strongly donating solvents the 1,2,4-substitution pattern will arise from a meta-substituted methoxymethoxy arene, while in nondonating solvents the 1,2,3-substitution is favored. In addition, the methoxymethoxy group serves also to enhance the rate of metalation and to stabilize the aryl-metalated products so that some competing addition reactions are suppressed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate).

Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Triazolyl phenyl disulfides: 8-Amino-7-oxononanoate synthase inhibitors as potential herbicides was written by Hahn, Hoh-Gyu;Choi, Jung-Sup;Lim, Hee Kyung;Lee, Kee-In;Hwang, In Taek. And the article was included in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology in 2015.Recommanded Product: 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate This article mentions the following:

The chem. validation of a potential herbicide target was investigated with 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase (AONS, also known as 7-keto-8-aminopelargonate synthase, KAPAS) and triazolyl Ph disulfide derivatives in vitro and in vivo. AONS activity was completely inhibited by these synthesized compounds, with an IC₅₀ of 48 to 592μM in vitro. Forty five-day old Arabidopsis thaliana plants were completely killed by representative compound KHG23844 {N-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(phenyldisulphanyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide} at the application rate of 250 g ha^-1 of foliar treatment in greenhouse conditions. Foliar application of 1000 g ha^-1 KHG23844 induced 2.3-fold higher L-alanine accumulation in the treated A. thaliana plants. Foliar supplement of 1 mM biotin at 1 and 2 days before KHG23844 application effectively recovered the growth inhibition of A. thaliana plant treated with KHG23844. The results strongly suggested that representative compound KHG23844 and its derivatives are potential AONS inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Recommanded Product: 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Recommanded Product: 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparative study of the volatile organic compounds of four strawberry cultivars and it relation to alcohol acyltransferase enzymatic activity was written by Parra-Palma, Carolina;Ubeda, Cristina;Gil, Mariona;Ramos, Patricio;Castro, Ricardo I.;Morales-Quintana, Luis. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 868-57-5 This article mentions the following:

Strawberry is one of the most popular fruits in the world because of its good organoleptic characteristics, as its aroma is a complex characteristic that significantly contributes to fruit quality. In the present work, we performed a comparative study of the differences in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contents and the enzymic activity and gene expression of alc. acyltransferases (AATs) in four strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars (Camarosa, Cristal,Monterey and Portola). In the four cultivars esters were the most important group among the observed VOCs; however in terms of differences in concentration, the Monterey and Portola cultivars showed the highest ester concentrations, while Cristal showed the lowest, and Camarosa showed an intermediate concentration With respect to the mRNAs of the genes encoding two enzymes (SAAT and FaAAT2), we observed higher transcript levels in the Monterrey and Portola cultivars than in the other two cultivars (Cristal and Camarosa). Finally, the results suggested a temporal relationship exists between total AAT activities, VOCs contents and mRNA gene expression, which could be valuable for future breeding activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5HPLC of Formula: 868-57-5).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.HPLC of Formula: 868-57-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Differentiation and classification of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquors with different geographical origins based on fingerprint and chemometric analysis was written by Qian, Yu;Zhang, Liang;Sun, Yue;Tang, Yongqing;Li, Dan;Zhang, Huaishan;Yuan, Siqi;Li, Jinsong. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2021.Safety of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

In order to differentiate and characterize Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor according to geog. origins, the volatile flavor compounds were analyzed for forty com. Luzhou-flavor liquor samples from Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Hubei provinces. A total of 113 volatile flavor compounds were quantified; among them, 29 flavor compounds were quantified according to the internal standard method. The differences in flavor composition among different brands of Luzhou-flavor liquor were compared. A data matrix of 64 (flavor components) × 40 (samples) was studied and interpreted using chemometric anal. The research object could be naturally clustered according to geog. origin (brand) based on the hierarchical cluster anal. (HCA), principal component anal. (PCA) and multivariate anal. of variance (MANOVA) methods. A 100% of predication ability was obtained by the application of K-nearest neighbor model (KNN) for study sample classification. The results demonstrate that the abundance of volatile flavor components in liquors combined with appropriate multivariate statistical methods could be used for the division and traceability of liquors from different geog. origins. This study can provide the basis for the identification of liquor authenticity and the traceability of liquor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Safety of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery and optimization of aspartate aminotransferase 1 inhibitors to target redox balance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was written by Anglin, Justin;Zavareh, Reza Beheshti;Sander, Philipp N.;Haldar, Daniel;Mullarky, Edouard;Cantley, Lewis C.;Kimmelman, Alec C.;Lyssiotis, Costas A.;Lairson, Luke L.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2018.Computed Properties of C8H4N2O This article mentions the following:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy that is extremely refractory to the therapeutic approaches that have been evaluated to date. Recently, it has been demonstrated that PDAC tumors are dependent upon a metabolic pathway involving aspartate aminotransferase 1, also known as glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1), for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and sustained proliferation. As such, small mol. inhibitors targeting this metabolic pathway may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of this devastating disease. To this end, from a high throughput screen of �00,000 mols., 4-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-phenylpiperazine-1-carboxamide was identified as an inhibitor of GOT1. Mouse pharmacokinetic studies revealed that potency, rather than inherent metabolic instability, would limit immediate cell- and rodent xenograft-based experiments aimed at validating this potential cancer metabolism-related target. Medicinal chem.-based optimization resulted in the identification of multiple derivatives with >10-fold improvements in potency, as well as the identification of a tryptamine-based series of GOT1 inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Computed Properties of C8H4N2O).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C8H4N2O

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of the flavor in traditional Pixian Doubanjiang by polyphasic quantitative detection technology was written by Yang, Menglu;Huang, Jun;Zhou, Rongqing;Qi, Qi;Peng, Can;Zhang, Lin;Jin, Yao;Wu, Chongde;Tang, Qiuxiang. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2020.Electric Literature of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

In the present research, four different samples were investigated by multiple analyzing technol. to reveal the common unique flavor and taste of traditional Pixian Doubanjiang (PXDBJ). These samples were manufactured by inheritor according to the intangible skills and ripened for two years in different enterprises. Citric acid, malic acid, Glu and Asp were the dominant non-volatiles, the proportion of both organic acids ranged from 54.78% to 65.61%, while that of both free amino acids ranged from 22.49% to 29.39%. Et palmitate, Et laurate, γ-cis-himachalane, (+)-valencene and β-ionone were identified as typical volatile constituents by three kinds of GC techniques combined with three pretreatment approaches. These results suggested that these five volatiles and the proportion of four non-volatiles could be used as indicators of flavor and taste to discriminate with other types of traditional fermented soy pastes (miso, dajiang, gochujiang, etc), and were also proofed by sensory evaluation. It laid a vital foundation for revealing the contribution of the traditional skill to unique quality of PXDBJ and the correlation between microbial community diversity and their metabolic regulation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Electric Literature of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of new donor-acceptor thiophene linked coumarin chromophores: potential photosensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells was written by Mashraqui, Sabir H.;Ghorpade, Sushil;Mestri, Rupesh;Chilekar, Aniket;Upadhyay, Jyoti. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of four new dyes, designated as C1-C4, incorporating dialkylamino coumarin as a donor, thiophene ring as a common spacer and quinazolinone-N-acetic acid, homophthalimide-N-acetic acid, rhodanine acetic acid and indoline carboxylic acid as acceptors, resp. is reported. Condensation of 4-diethylaminosalicaldehyde with thiophene-2-acetic acid Me ester afforded 3-(2-thiophenyl) coumarin 3, which has been formylated to afford aldehyde 4. Knoevenagel condensation of 4 with four different acceptors affords C1-C4. The dyes show absorption maxima in the range of 497 to 538 nm and high extinction coefficients in the range of 32700 to 54300 M-1cm-1. The band gaps of C1-C4, derived from the absorption cut-off edges are estimated to be 2.21, 2.27, 2.09 and 2.00 eV resp. High extinction coefficients coupled with narrow band gaps are promising features of these dyes which may allow them to act as photosensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In/Cu Catalyzed Multiple C-N/C-C Bond Formation via Multiple Bond Cleavage in a Three Component Synthesis of Arylimidazopyridine Carboxylates was written by Roslan, Irwan Iskandar;Ng, Kian-Hong;Alhooshani, Khalid R.;Jaenicke, Stephan;Chuah, Gaik-Khuan. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

A protocol for In and Cu co-catalyzed synthesis of a wide array of arylimidazopyridine carboxylates I [R¹ = Ph, 3-thienyl, 2-naphthyl, etc.; R² = CN, CO₂Me, CO₂Et, etc.; R³ = H, 8-Me, 7-OMe, etc.] by three component coupling of aryl aldehydes, malonic esters and 2-aminopyridines was described. The reaction proceeded through a reaction cascade of Knoevenagel condensation, 1,4-conjugate addition, aerobic dehydrogenation, Ortoleva-King reaction and decarboxylation. Multiple C-N and C-C bond formations in addition to multiple C-C, C-H, C-O, and N-H bond cleavages were involved in forming the product. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Electric Literature of C11H20O4).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Electric Literature of C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics