Month: February 2023

RAFT Polymerization of Vinylthiophene Derivatives and Synthesis of Block Copolymers Having Cross-Linkable Segments was written by Mori, Hideharu;Takano, Ken;Endo, Takeshi. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2009.Formula: C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

The polymerization of three vinylthiophene derivatives, 2-vinylthiophene (2VT), 3-vinylthiophene (3VT), and 2,5-dibromo-3-vinylthiophene (DB3VT), was carried out by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process using six different chain transfer agents (CTAs). The novel doubly polymerizable monomer, DB3VT, undergoes controlled radical polymerization via the RAFT process, followed by Suzuki coupling reaction. Two dithiobenzoate-type RAFT agents, phenylethyl dithiobenzoate (CTA 2) and cumyl dithiobenzoate (CTA 3), were the most efficient to obtain poly(DB3VT) with controlled mol. weights and low polydispersities (M_w/M_n = 1.05-1.15). Good control of the polymerization of DB3VT was confirmed by the linear increase in the mol. weight with the conversion and the ability to extend the chain by a second addition of the monomer. Chain extension from poly(Me methacrylate) to DB3VT could be well controlled under suitable conditions and provided block copolymers having cross-linkable poly(DB3VT) segments with as-designed chain structures and low polydispersities. The block copolymers were also synthesized by RAFT polymerization of DB3VT using poly(Me acrylate) as a macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA). Modifications of the 2,5-dibromide group of poly(DB3VT) by Suzuki coupling reaction using difunctional boronic acid afforded a network material, whereas a soluble composite having an extended π-structure was obtained by the coupling reaction of the block copolymer, poly(Me methacrylate)-b-poly(DB3VT). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Formula: C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biomimetic nanoparticles deliver mRNAs encoding costimulatory receptors and enhance T cell mediated cancer immunotherapy was written by Li, Wenqing;Zhang, Xinfu;Zhang, Chengxiang;Yan, Jingyue;Hou, Xucheng;Du, Shi;Zeng, Chunxi;Zhao, Weiyu;Deng, Binbin;McComb, David W.;Zhang, Yuebao;Kang, Diana D.;Li, Junan;Carson, William E. III;Dong, Yizhou. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Antibodies targeting costimulatory receptors of T cells have been developed for the activation of T cell immunity in cancer immunotherapy. However, costimulatory mol. expression is often lacking in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which can impede antibody-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we hypothesize that delivery of costimulatory receptor mRNA to tumor-infiltrating T cells will enhance the antitumor effects of antibodies. We first design a library of biomimetic nanoparticles and find that phospholipid nanoparticles (PL1) effectively deliver costimulatory receptor mRNA (CD137 or OX40) to T cells. Then, we demonstrate that the combination of PL1-OX40 mRNA and anti-OX40 antibody exhibits significantly improved antitumor activity compared to anti-OX40 antibody alone in multiple tumor models. This treatment regimen results in a 60% complete response rate in the A20 tumor model, with these mice being resistant to rechallenge by A20 tumor cells. Addnl., the combination of PL1-OX40 mRNA and anti-OX40 antibody significantly boosts the antitumor immune response to anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in the B16F10 tumor model. This study supports the concept of delivering mRNA encoding costimulatory receptors in combination with the corresponding agonistic antibody as a strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthes1is of glycosyl sulfoximines by a highly chemo- and stereoselective NH- and O-transfer to thioglycosides was written by Tota, Arianna;Carlucci, Claudia;Pisano, Luisa;Cutolo, Giuliano;Clarkson, Guy J.;Romanazzi, Giuseppe;Degennaro, Leonardo;Bull, James A.;Rollin, Patrick;Luisi, Renzo. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2020.Formula: C16H22O11 This article mentions the following:

A synthesis of unprecedented and stable glycosyl sulfoximines is reported. The developed strategies represent the first example of highly stereoselective sulfoximine formation directly from thioglycosides. This synthetic protocol has been tested on several β-thioglycosides bearing different aromatics and alkyls as S-substituents, and bearing glucose, mannose and galactose as glycosyl units. The process has been extended to a lactose derived thioglycoside and to a glucose derived sulfenamide. The process was chemo- and stereoselective, and X-ray anal. confirmed the structure and provided stereochem. information on the configuration at the sulfur atom. A model for the stereochem. outcome is proposed based on the steric environment of the sulfide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, DNA binding, topoisomerases inhibition, and cytotoxic properties of 4-arylcarboxamidopyrrolo-2-carboxyanilides was written by Dudouit, Fabienne;Goossens, Jean-Francois;Houssin, Raymond;Henichart, Jean-Pierre;Colson, Pierre;Houssier, Claude;Gelus, Nathalie;Bailly, Christian. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2000.Application of 5930-92-7 This article mentions the following:

N-aryl-4-benzamidopyrrolecarboxamides I (R = H, Me, PhCH₂) were synthesized and evaluated for their capacities to bind to specific sequences within the minor groove of DNA and to inhibit human topoisomerases I and II in vitro. The cytotoxicity of the drugs correlates with their DNA binding affinities. Compounds I (R = Me, PhCH₂) stabilize topoisomerase I-DNA complexes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7Application of 5930-92-7).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application of 5930-92-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Trace analysis of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with complementary use of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was written by Du, Bibai;Shen, Mingjie;Pan, Zibin;Zhu, Chunyou;Luo, Dan;Zeng, Lixi. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Name: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) This article mentions the following:

This study presented a universal LC-MS/MS method for trace anal. of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) in foods by complementary use of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atm. pressure chem. ionization (APCI). The analytes included not only the well-known BHT and BHA but also 18 high mol. weight SPAs. The method utilized APCI to achieve sensitive anal. of BHT, Irganox 1010, Irganox 330, and Irganox 3125 based on the finding that APCI significantly improved the sensitivity of these weakly acidic or slightly polar SPAs, and utilized ESI to obtain sensitive anal. of other SPAs. Addnl., the method avoided background contamination by using effective measures including installation of a trapping column in the LC system. Method performance assessment showed satisfactory sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision for anal. of SPAs in vegetable oil, milk powder, and baby fruit puree. Method application revealed widespread contamination of foods with BHT, Irganox 1010, and Irganox 1076. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Name: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Name: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Environmental implications from the priority pollutants screening in impoundment reservoir along the eastern route of China′s South-to-North Water Diversion Project was written by Zhao, Zhonghua;Gong, Xionghu;Ding, Qiqi;Jin, Miao;Wang, Zhaode;Lu, Shaoyong;Zhang, Lu. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.SDS of cas: 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Screening priority pollutants from vast anthropogenic contaminants discharged into aquatic environment is urgent for protecting water quality definitely. The multi-criteria scoring method involved in the occurrence (O), persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B), ecol. risk (Eco-T), and human health risk (Hum-T), was established for pollutants prioritization in waters and applied in Dongping Lake, the final impoundment reservoir along the eastern route of China′s South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP). A total of 170 chems. including heavy metals (HMs), volatile organic chems. (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalate esters (PAEs), and antibiotics (ANTs) were investigated as the candidates. Accordingly, 42 chems. including 8 PAEs, 7 OCPs, 7 PCBs, 5 PAHs, 13 HMs, and 2 VOCs were made up the list of priority pollutants for Dongping Lake, suggesting the necessity of routine monitoring high priority groups and revising the existing list. Multiple risk assessment indicated higher ecol. and human health risks induced by HMs than by organic pollutants. Spatial distribution of risks stressed the retention of toxic organic chems. by the lake body and the accumulation of HMs along the transfer route, resp., thus triggering ecosystem responses and potential effects on the water-receiving areas as expected. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7SDS of cas: 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An Immunoassay To Evaluate Human/Environmental Exposure to the Antimicrobial Triclocarban was written by Ahn, Ki Chang;Kasagami, Takeo;Tsai, Hsing-Ju;Schebb, Nils Helge;Ogunyoku, Temitope;Gee, Shirley J.;Young, Thomas M.;Hammock, Bruce D.. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2012.Quality Control of Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate This article mentions the following:

A sensitive, competitive indirect ELISA for the detection of the antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) was developed. The haptens were synthesized by derivatizing the para position of a Ph moiety of TCC. The rabbit antisera were screened and the combination of antiserum 1648 and a heterologous competitive hapten containing a piperidine was further characterized. The IC₅₀ and detection range for TCC in buffer were 0.70 and 0.13-3.60 ng/mL, resp. The assay was selective for TCC, providing only low cross-reactivity to TCC-related compounds and its major metabolites except for the closely related antimicrobial 3-trifluoromethyl-4,4′-dichlorocarbanilide. A liquid-liquid extraction for sample preparation of human body fluids resulted in an assay that measured low part per billion levels of TCC in small volumes of the samples. The limits of quantification of TCC were 5 ng/mL in blood/serum and 10 ng/mL in urine, resp. TCC in human urine was largely the N- or N’-glucuronide. TCC concentrations of biosolids measured by the ELISA were similar to those determined by LC-MS/MS. This immunoassay can be used as a rapid, inexpensive, and convenient tool to aid researchers monitoring human/environmental exposure to TCC to better understand the health effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6Quality Control of Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate).

Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Green nanopriming: responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings to alfalfa extracts capped and light-induced silver nanoparticles was written by Song, Kexiao;Zhao, Donghao;Sun, Haoyang;Gao, Jinzhu;Li, Shuo;Hu, Tianming;He, Xueqing. And the article was included in BMC Plant Biology in 2022.Quality Control of Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

The application of nanotechnol. in agriculture can remarkably improve the cultivation and growth of crop plants. Many studies showed that nanoparticles (NPs) made plants grow more vigorously. Light can make NPs aggregated, leading to the reduction of the NPs toxicity. In addition, treatment with NPs had a quothormesis effectquot on plants. In this study, light-induced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) extracts, and then the optimal synthetic condition was determined Light-induced AgNPs were aggregated, spherical and pink, and they were coated with esters, phenols, acids, terpenes, amino acids and sugars, which were the compositions of alfalfa extracts The concentration of free Ag⁺ was less than 2% of the AgNPs concentration Through nanopriming, Ag⁺ got into the seedlings and caused the impact of AgNPs on alfalfa. Compared with the control group, low concentration of light-induced AgNPs had a pos. effect on the photosynthesis. It was also harmless to the leaf cells, and there was no elongation effect on shoots. Although high concentration of AgNPs was especially beneficial to root elongation, it had a slight toxic effect on seedlings due to the accumulation of silver. With the increase of AgNPs concentration, the content of silver in the seedlings increased and the silver enriched in plants was at the mg/kg level. Just as available research reported the toxicity of NPs can be reduced by using suitable synthesis and application methods, the present light induction, active material encapsulation and nanopriming minimized the toxicity of AgNPs to plants, enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Quality Control of Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper-Catalyzed Ring Opening of [1.1.1]Propellane with Alkynes: Synthesis of Exocyclic Allenic Cyclobutanes was written by Lasanyi, Daniel;Tolnai, Gergely L.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.COA of Formula: C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Despite the long history and interesting properties of propellanes, these compounds still have tremendous potential to be exploited in synthetic organic chem. Herein author disclose an exptl. simple procedure to achieve cyclobutane-containing allenes and alkynes through a copper-catalyzed ring opening of [1.1.1]propellane and subsequent reaction with ethynes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6COA of Formula: C9H10O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C9H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploring the entangled state and molecular weight of UHMWPE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HDPE/UHMWPE blends was written by Tao, Gan;Chen, Yuming;Mu, Jingshan;Zhang, Letian;Ye, Chunlin;Li, Wei. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 6683-19-8 This article mentions the following:

Three types of ultra-high mol. weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with different entangled state and mol. weight were blended with high-d. polyethylene (HDPE) matrix by melt blending. Rheol., 2D-SAXS, 2D-WAXD, DSC, and mech. tests were used to study the evolution and difference of microstructure and mech. properties of the blends. The addition of weakly entangled UHMWPE enhanced the chain diffusion and chain orientation ability under a specific flow field. Thus, the rheol. properties and mech. properties of the blends were improved with the mix of weakly entangled UHMWPE. The mech. properties enhancement effect of HDPE/UHMWPE blends with weakly entangled UHMWPE was owing to the shish-kebab structure formed in the injection molding process. The mol. chains of UHMWPE with a low degree of entanglement and high mol. weight increased the lamella size and crystallinity of the blends during processing. This leads to the formation of more oriented shish structures and more kebab lamella. Besides, the mol. chains of weakly entangled UHMWPE were better interlocked and intertwined with other polyethylene chains in the amorphous region, acting as the tie mols., significantly improving the impact resistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8HPLC of Formula: 6683-19-8).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 6683-19-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics