Month: February 2023

GC-MS analyses of volatile compounds of steamed breads fermented by Chinese traditional starter “Jiaozi” from different regions was written by Wang, Yuan-Hui;Zhao, Jing-Wen;Xu, Fei;Zhang, Qi-Dong;Ai, Zhi-Lu;Li, Bo-Yu. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2021.SDS of cas: 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

The volatile compounds of Jiaozi-steamed breads (JSBs) fermented by Jiaozi starters from eight regions in China were extracted using simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction and determined using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 1-Hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenylethyl alc., benzaldehyde, naphthalene, ethanol, acetic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid were the main volatiles of JSBs. Principal component anal. exhibited that the volatiles of JSBs from Nanyang City, Xi’an City, and Zhumadian City was neg. correlated to that of other five JSB samples. Cluster anal. demonstrated that the volatile characteristics of JSBs from Heze City, Minqin County, Taian City, Weinan City, and Yuncheng City belonged to a category, and the JSBs of Nanyang City, Xi’an City, and Zhumadian City were different from other five JSBs. It demonstrated that the volatile components of steamed breads in North China and South China were different. From this study, it can be seen that simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) can completely extract volatile compositions of steamed breads fermented by Chinese traditional starter “Jiaozi” SDE/GC-MS was suitable for the anal. of JSBs volatile composition The relative contents of 1-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenylethyl alc., benzaldehyde, naphthalene, ethanol, acetic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid in JSBs were at high level, and their contents could be used as a marker to identify JSBs. The volatile compositions of JSBs made of Jiaozi starters from Heze City, Minqin County, Taian City, Weinan City, and Yuncheng City were similar. However, JSBs of Nanyang City, Xi’an City, and Zhumadian City were different from other five JSBs. The volatile components of steamed breads in North China and South China were different, which reflected the difference in dietary habit in the southern and northern areas of China. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7SDS of cas: 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.SDS of cas: 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Manganese and rhenium-catalyzed selective reduction of esters to aldehydes with hydrosilanes was written by Wei, Duo;Buhaibeh, Ruqaya;Canac, Yves;Sortais, Jean-Baptiste. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Electric Literature of C10H11FO2 This article mentions the following:

The selective reduction of esters RC(O)OR¹ [R = (4-chlorophenyl)methyl, naphthalen-2-ylmethyl, nonyl, etc.; R¹ = Me, Et] to aldehydes RC(O)H (I), via the formation of stable alkyl silyl acetals RCH(OSi(C₂H₅)₃)OR¹ (II), for the first time, was achieved with both manganese, -Mn₂(CO)₁₀– and rhenium -Re₂(CO)₁₀– catalysts in the presence of triethylsilane as reductant. These two methods provide a direct access to a large variety of aliphatic and aromatic alkyl silyl acetals II and to the corresponding aldehydes I upon hydrolysis. The reactions proceeded in excellent yields and high selectivity at room temperature under photo-irradiation conditions (LED, 365 nm, 40 W, 9 h). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Electric Literature of C10H11FO2).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Electric Literature of C10H11FO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium catalyzed reactions of unsaturated carbohydrates. A route to C-glycosides was written by Engelbrecht, Gerhardus J.;Holzapfel, Cedric W.. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 1991.Formula: C10H14O4 This article mentions the following:

Glycosyl carbonates e.g., I, are excellent substrates for palladium catalyzed stereoselective C-glycosidations with active methylene compounds giving the C-glycosides in good yields under mild conditions. Thus, I was treated with NaMeC(CO₂Et)₂ in the presence of Pd(PPh₃)₄-PPh₃ to give >70% the C-glycoside II. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Formula: C10H14O4).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Formula: C10H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Key Food Furanones Furaneol and Sotolone Specifically Activate Distinct Odorant Receptors was written by Haag, Franziska;Hoffmann, Sandra;Krautwurst, Dietmar. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2021.Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Furanones formed during the Maillard reaction often are natural aroma-determining compounds found in numerous foods. Prominent economically relevant representatives are the structural homologues Furaneol and sotolone, which are important natural flavoring compounds because of their distinct caramel- and seasoning-like odor qualities. These, however, cannot be predicted by the odorants’ mol. shape, rather their receptors’ activation parameters help to decipher the encoding of odor quality. Here, the distinct odor qualities of Furaneol and sotolone suggested an activation of at least two out of our ca. 400 different odorant receptor types, which are the mol. biosensors of our chem. sense of olfaction. While an odorant receptor has been identified for sotolone, a receptor specific for Furaneol has been elusive. Using a bidirectional screening approach employing 616 receptor variants and 187 key food odorants in a HEK-293 cell-based luminescence assay, we newly identified OR5M3 as a receptor specifically activated by Furaneol and homofuraneol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical constituents analysis in ground part of Gentiana macrophylla pall by SFE-GC-MS was written by Wang, Yanping;Ma, Xiao. And the article was included in Zhongguo Xiandai Yingyong Yaoxue in 2011.Computed Properties of C12H22O4 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this paper is to identify compounds in supercritical fluids extraction of ground part of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. GC-MS was used to analyze the constituents and the sample was extracted by supercritical fluids. The AT-SE54 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) was used and inlet temperature was maintained at 260°. The column oven was begun at 80°, then programmed from 80° to 290° at 4° min^-1, and hold for 30 min. Helium at a constant flow rate of 1.2 mL/min^-1 was used as carrier gas. Ion source temperature was 230° and ionization energy was 70 eV. Results show that the total of 72 components were separated and 70 components were identified from flowers of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, accounting for 84.1% of total extractant. A total of 67 components were separated and 66 components were identified from stems and leaves of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, accounting for 93.1% of total extractant. It was concluded that the results will provide important foundation for understanding the constituents and further exploitation for ground part of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Computed Properties of C12H22O4).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C12H22O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lignin modified PBAT composites with enhanced strength based on interfacial dynamic bonds was written by Li, Wenfeng;Huang, Jinhao;Liu, Weifeng;Qiu, Xueqing;Lou, Hongming;Zheng, Lu. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) This article mentions the following:

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a type of synthetic biodegradable thermoplastic copolyester with comparable mech. properties to polyethylene, but the application of PBAT is limited by factors such as high cost, short shelf life, poor weather and water resistance. In order to develop PBAT composites with high performance and low cost, lignin-modified PBAT biocomposites with enhanced tensile strength were prepared via in-situ construction of interfacial dynamic bonds. Zinc stearate and epoxy soybean oil were introduced as the interfacial modifiers to construct dynamic bonds between lignin and PBAT, so as to improve the interfacial compatibility. The results demonstrated that the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interface modifiers reached the maximum tensile strength of 36.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 725.3% at the lignin content of 5 wt%, with the tensile strength achieved 5% improvement on the basis of pure PBAT (34.9 MPa and 717.6%). When the lignin content was increased to 10 wt%, the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interfacial modifiers still maintained the tensile strength of 35.4 MPa and the elongation at break of 627.8%, which was 82% and 31% higher than that of the directly compounded sample without interfacial modifiers, resp. Even when the content of lignin loading increased to 20 and 30 wt%, the mech. properties of the composites were still significantly improved by adding modifiers. The hydrophobicity of the composite was also improved after in-situ interfacial modification. The strategy demonstrated in this work provides an effective reference for the development of lignin/PBAT composites with high performance but low cost. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Recommanded Product: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of six underivatized biogenic amines by LC-MS/MS and study of biogenic amine production during trout (Salmo trutta) storage in ice was written by Kosma, Ioanna;Badeka, Anastasia. And the article was included in Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A in 2021.Related Products of 868-57-5 This article mentions the following:

Biogenic amines (BAs) are natural components of food produced mainly during metabolism in animals and plants. The determination of BAs is important because of their potential toxicity and their potential use as food spoilage indicators. In the present study, a method for the determination of six BAs (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, β-phenylethylamine, tyramine, and tryptamine) by Liquid Chromatog. – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with Atm. Pressure Chem. Ionisation (APCI) source has been used on trout samples (Salmo trutta) stored in ice for 15 days. The results showed that on day 15 quite large amounts of putrescine (76.530 mg/kg), cadaverine (85.530 mg/kg), tryptamine (25.210 mg/kg), and histamine (15.975mg/kg) were detected, while the other BAs remained low (β-phenylethylamine: 3.230 mg/kg, tyramine: 0.165mg/kg). Furthermore, microbiol. data (Total Vial Count- TVC, pseudomonas spp, and Shewanella putrefaciens) showed that trout samples became organoleptically unacceptable on day 12, while volatile compound anal. showed a significant increase in total amounts of alcs., aldehydes, and ketones on days 12 and 15. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Related Products of 868-57-5).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Related Products of 868-57-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Free fatty acid from waste palm oil functionalized magnetic nanoparticles immobilized on surface graphene oxide as a new adsorbent for simultaneously detecting hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate esters in food extracts was written by Mohamad, Sharifah;Bakhshaei, Shabnam;Abdul Manan, Ninie Suhana;Parmin, N. A.;Rozi, Siti Khalijah Mahmad. And the article was included in Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

A newly synthesized free fatty acids from waste palm oil functionalized magnetic nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of graphene oxide (FFA@MNP-GO) was successfully synthesized and characterized in this research. The combinations of long alkyl chain of free fatty acid with graphene oxide that consists of large delocalized π-electron systems and abundant of hydrophilic groups with hydroxyl, epoxide and carboxylic groups offer the determination of simultaneous wide range of polarities of organic pollutants in real matrixes through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-π interactions. The fabricated adsorbent was successfully applied as a magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent for the simultaneous separation of selected phthalate esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in apple and cabbage extracts prior to their high performance liquid chromatog. with diode-array detector determination Factors affecting the extraction efficiency such as amount of adsorbent, desorption solvent, volume of desorption solvent, extraction time, desorption time, pH and sample volume were investigated and optimized. The results revealed that under optimal conditions, the detection limit of selected PAEs and PAHs were in the range of 0.56-0.97 ng mL^-1 and 0.02-0.93 ng mL^-1, resp. The spiked recoveries of real apple and cabbage extracts for PAEs and PAHs were in the range of 81.5-117.6% with good relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 5) less than 10% and 86.7-118.2% with acceptable RSDs (n = 5) ranging from 1.5 to 11.0%, resp. This study reported for the first time the use of MSPE procedure for simultaneous determination of chosen PAHs and PAEs in real samples including apple and cabbage extracts by using new adsorbent, FFA@MNP-GO. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Small-Molecule TLR8 Antagonists via Structure-Based Rational Design was written by Hu, Zhenyi;Tanji, Hiromi;Jiang, Shuangshuang;Zhang, Shuting;Koo, Kyoin;Chan, Jean;Sakaniwa, Kentaro;Ohto, Umeharu;Candia, Albert;Shimizu, Toshiyuki;Yin, Hang. And the article was included in Cell Chemical Biology in 2018.Application of 525362-07-6 This article mentions the following:

Rational design of drug-like small-mol. ligands based on structural information of proteins remains a significant challenge in chem. biol. In particular, designs targeting protein-protein interfaces have met little success given the dynamic nature of the protein surfaces. Herein, we utilized the structure of a small-mol. ligand in complex with Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) as a model system due to TLR8′s clin. relevance. Overactivation of TLR8 has been suggested to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases; however, there are still few small-mol. antagonists available, and our rational designs led to the discovery of six exceptionally potent compounds with ~picomolar IC₅₀ values. Two X-ray crystallog. structures validated the contacts within the binding pocket. A variety of biol. evaluations in cultured cell lines, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and splenocytes from human TLR8-transgenic mice further demonstrated these TLR8 inhibitors′ high efficacy, suggesting strong therapeutic potential against autoimmune disorders. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (cas: 525362-07-6Application of 525362-07-6).

Methyl 2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (cas: 525362-07-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 525362-07-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Amination of 2-Substituted Indolin-3-ones: A Strategy for the Synthesis of Chiral α-Hydrazino Esters was written by Yarlagadda, Suresh;Ramesh, B.;Ravikumar Reddy, C.;Srinivas, L.;Sridhar, B.;Subba Reddy, B. V.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2017.COA of Formula: C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

An efficient enantioselective α-amination of 2-substituted 3-indolinones has been achieved for the first time using hydroquinidine as a chiral catalyst through an aza-Michael reaction. The desired α-hydrazino esters were obtained in excellent yields with high enantiomeric excess leading to a quaternary stereocenter with a broad substrate scope. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1COA of Formula: C7H8N2O2).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics