Month: February 2023

5-Substituted 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidines and 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidines. Synthesis and inhibitory effects on immune-activated nitric oxide production was written by Jansa, Petr;Holy, Antonin;Dracinsky, Martin;Kolman, Viktor;Janeba, Zlatko;Kostecka, Petra;Kmonickova, Eva;Zidek, Zdenek. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2014.Formula: C10H14O4 This article mentions the following:

A series of 5-substituted 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidines were prepared by a modified condensation of the corresponding monosubstituted malonic acid diesters with guanidine in an excess of sodium ethoxide. The optimized procedure using Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold reagent, followed by immediate deprotection of the (dimethylamino)methylene protecting groups, was developed to convert the 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine analogs to novel 5-substituted 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidines in high yields. Pilot screening for biol. properties of the prepared compounds was done in mouse peritoneal cells using the in vitro nitric oxide (NO) assay. Irresp. of the substituent at the 5 position, 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidines inhibited immune-activated NO production The most effective was 5-fluoro-2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine with an IC₅₀ of 2 μM (higher activity than the most potent reference compound) while the IC₅₀s of other derivatives were within the range of 9-36 μM. The 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine counterparts were devoid of any NO-inhibitory activity. The compounds had no suppressive effects on the viability of cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Formula: C10H14O4).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C10H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of the CH₂NH and CH₂NAc peptide bond isosteres on the antagonistic and histamine releasing activities of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog was written by Hocart, Simon J.;Nekola, Mary V.;Coy, David H.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1988.HPLC of Formula: 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

The effect of the CH₂NH and CH₂NAc peptide bond isosteres on the antagonistic and histamine releasing activities of the LH-RH antagonist [N-Ac-D-Nal¹,D-Phe^2,3,D-Arg⁶,Phe⁷,D-Ala¹⁰]LH-RH [Nal = 3-(2-naphthyl)alanine] was investigated. The moieties introduced by facile, racemization-free solid-phase synthesis in an attempt to reduce the histamine releasing activity inherent to the most potent analogs while retaining high antiovulatory activity. The ψ(CH₂NH] isostere was incorporated at each CONH site with the exception of 8-9, which involves proline, by reductive alkylation with a protected amino acid aldehyde in the presence of NaBH₃CN during conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis. The ψ[CH₂NH] group was extremely resistant to derivatization and could only be partially acetylated to give ψ[CH₂NAc]. The analogs were cleaved from the resin with simultaneous deprotection by anhydrous HF and purified to homogeneity in 2 stages: gel permeation followed by preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatog. The analogs were assayed in standard rat antiovulatory and in vitro histamine release assays. The isosteres caused a loss of the antiovulatory activity of the antagonist at the 50-μg dose when incorporated at the positions 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 7-8. Incorporation at the other positions resulted in a less marked reduction in activity relative to the unmodified parent analog. No significant effect was noted on the potent histamine releasing activity of the analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9HPLC of Formula: 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.HPLC of Formula: 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Soluble and Columnar Liquid Crystalline Peropyrenequinones by Coupling of Phenalenones in Cesium Hydroxide was written by Buffet, Noemie;Grelet, Eric;Bock, Harald. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2010.Related Products of 10203-58-4 This article mentions the following:

The oxidative dimerization of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-1-phenalenones, the nitrogen-free carbon homologs of N-alkylnaphthalimides, was achieved using cesium hydroxide. This opens access to a new class of intensely long-wavelength absorbing perylenic dyes that adopt columnar liquid-crystalline structures at ambient temperature and that are obtained as separable pairs of centrosym. (transoid) and polar (cisoid) regioisomers. Their light absorption and mesomorphic properties make these compounds promising materials for organic opto-electronics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4Related Products of 10203-58-4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Related Products of 10203-58-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of diketopiperazines with on-resin N-methylation and cyclative release was written by Brunel, F. M.;Spatola, A. F.. And the article was included in Journal of Peptide Research in 2004.HPLC of Formula: 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

Enantiomerically pure N-methylated diketopiperazines (DKP) can be obtained by treating a N-methylated resin-bound dipeptide with 20% piperidine in DMF via a process known as cyclative release. N-methylated resin-bound dipeptides can be formed from N-methylated precursors or N-methylation can be selectively performed on the resin. When on-resin N-methylation was performed on the C-terminal side of the dipeptide, diastereomers were formed. Yet the cyclative release is shown to be a stereoselective process, as seen using preformed N-methylated amino acids. The procedure was also applied to synthesize the pseudodiketopiperazine cyclo(Pheψ[CH₂NH]Leu). When comparing nonmethylated, monomethylated and bismethylated derivatives, we find that N-methylation results in a dramatic increase in solubility In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9HPLC of Formula: 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.HPLC of Formula: 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of Aroma Compounds in Apple Cider Using Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction was written by Xu, Yan;Fan, Wenlai;Qian, Michael C.. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2007.Formula: C11H14O3 This article mentions the following:

The aroma-active compounds in 2 apple ciders were identified using gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. The volatile compounds were extracted using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). On the basis of odor intensity, the most important aroma compounds in the 2 apple cider samples were 2-phenylethanol, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-phenylethyl acetate, Et 2-methylbutanoate, Et butanoate, Et hexanoate, 4-ethylguaiacol, eugenol, and 4-vinylphenol. Sulfur-containing compounds, terpene derivatives, and lactones were also detected in ciders. Although most of the aroma compounds were common in both ciders, the aroma intensities were different. Comparison of extraction techniques showed that the SAFE technique had a higher recovery for acids and hydroxy-containing compounds, whereas the HS-SPME technique had a higher recovery for esters and highly volatile compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Formula: C11H14O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C11H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine diaryl ureas: Inhibitors of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 was written by Mitchell, Scott A.;Danca, Mihaela Diana;Blomgren, Peter A.;Darrow, James W.;Currie, Kevin S.;Kropf, Jeffrey E.;Lee, Seung H.;Gallion, Steven L.;Xiong, Jin-Ming;Pippin, Douglas A.;DeSimone, Robert W.;Brittelli, David R.;Eustice, David C.;Bourret, Aaron;Hill-Drzewi, Melissa;Maciejewski, Patricia M.;Elkin, Lisa L.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2009.Quality Control of 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate This article mentions the following:

Inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) has been validated by recently launched small mols. Sutent and Nexavar^, both of which display activities against several angiogenesis-related RTKs. EphB4, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in the processes of embryogenesis and angiogenesis, has been shown to be aberrantly up regulated in many cancer types such as breast, lung, bladder and prostate. We propose that inhibition of EphB4 in addition to other validated RTKs would enhance the anti-angiogenic effect and ultimately result in more pronounced anti-cancer efficacy. Herein we report the discovery and SAR of a novel series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine diarylureas that show nanomolar potency for the EphB4 receptor, in addition to potent activity against several other RTKs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Quality Control of 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cooperative Catalysis for the Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective [4+3]-Cycloannulation of ortho-Quinone Methides and Carbonyl Ylides was written by Suneja, Arun;Loui, Henning Jakob;Schneider, Christoph. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.SDS of cas: 13669-10-8 This article mentions the following:

Herein a highly diastereo- and enantioselective [4+3]-cycloannulation of ortho-quinone methides and carbonyl ylides to furnish functionalized oxa-bridged dibenzooxacines with excellent yields and stereoselectivity in a single synthetic step is described. The combination of rhodium and chiral phosphoric acid catalysis working in concert to generate both transient intermediates in situ provides direct access to complex bicyclic products with two quaternary and one tertiary stereogenic centers. The products may be further functionalized into valuable and enantiomerically highly enriched building blocks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8SDS of cas: 13669-10-8).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 13669-10-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Changes of Sensory Quality, Flavor-Related Metabolites and Gene Expression in Peach Fruit Treated by Controlled Atmosphere (CA) under Cold Storage was written by Liu, Hongru;He, Hui;Liu, Chenxia;Wang, Chunfang;Qiao, Yongjin;Zhang, Bo. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Controlled atm. (CA) has been used to alleviate chilling injury (CI) of horticultural crops caused by cold storage. However, the effects of CA treatment on peach fruit sensory quality and flavor-related chems. suffering from CI remain largely unknown. Here, we stored peach fruit under CA with 5% O₂ and 10% CO₂ at 0°C up to 28 d followed by a subsequent 3 d shelf-life at 20°C (28S3). CA significantly reduced flesh browning and improved sensory quality at 28S3. Though total volatiles declined during extended cold storage, CA accumulated higher content of volatile esters and lactones than control at 28S3. A total of 14 volatiles were pos. correlated with consumer acceptability, mainly including three C6 compounds, three esters and four lactones derived from the fatty acid lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. Correspondingly, the expression levels of genes including PpLOX1, hyperoxide lyase PpHPL1 and alc. acyltransferase PpAAT1 were pos. correlated with the change of esters and lactones. CA elevated the sucrose content and the degree of fatty acids unsaturation under cold storage, which gave us clues to clarify the mechanism of resistance to cold stress. The results suggested that CA treatment improved sensory quality by alleviating CI of peach fruits under cold storage. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9COA of Formula: C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of microbial communities on the quality characteristics of northeast soybean paste: Correlation between microorganisms and metabolites was written by Yao, Di;Ma, Lixue;Wu, Mengna;Wang, Xiaoyu;Xu, Lei;Yu, Qiaoru;Wang, Changyuan. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

To systematically explore the impact of microbial community composition on the quality characteristics of northeast soybean paste, the microbial community structure was determined by high-throughput sequencing technol. and the flavor substance, free amino acid (FAA) and biogenic amine (BA) contents were determined by HS-SPME-GC-MS and HPLC. Furthermore, the correlation between microorganisms and metabolites was investigated. The results indicated that the core bacteria mainly included Tetragenococcus, Bacillus and Lactobacillus; Candida_f__norank, Wickerhamomyces and Aspergillus were the dominant fungi. A total of 139 flavor compounds were detected in all samples, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, isoamyl phenylacetate and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane accounted for the highest proportion. A total of 24 FAAs were detected in the soybean paste. Pantoea, Kroppenstedtia and Kocuria were significantly pos. correlated with most FAAs (p < 0.05). Addnl. 5 BAs were detected in the soybean paste, and the contents of BAs in Y4 were highest, which was affected by different microbes. This study provided relevant information for the microbial community composition and metabolites of northeast soybean paste, which was of great significance for understanding the characteristics and safety of soybean paste. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

CO₂-expanded liquid assisted self-assembly between Disperse Red 1 and PS-b-P4VP was written by Cheng, Xiaomeng;Zheng, Xiaofang;Zhang, Yaolong;Li, Yu;Li, Hongping;Cao, Renfei;Li, Qianyu. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2016.COA of Formula: C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

This work shows that CO₂-expanded liquids (CXLs) facilitate the modulation of morphol. and photoluminescence (PL) performance of the self assembled fluorescent composite (SAFC), which was formed between Disperse Red 1 (DR1) and polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) in CO₂-expanded ethanol. We find that the anti-solvent effect of CXLs with increasing pressure could effectively regulate the amount and type of the hydrogen bonds with DR1 units as well as the confinement extent of DR1, along with the structure and fluorescence (FL) behavior of the SAFC. The morphol. and emission behavior of the SAFC was strongly dependent on the CXL pressure and the molar ratio (R) of 4VP to DR1. The SAFC emission revealed a non-monotonic feature against CXL pressure, which increased with a pressure rise below the threshold pressure (P_T) and then decreased at higher pressures above P_T. The maximum FL of SAFC at 5.58 MPa and R = 2800 was enhanced by 3.4-fold compared with that of the pristine mixture Confinement and hydrogen bonds are the two major factors responsible for the pressure dependence of the emission. Moreover, the hydrogen bonds formed between the DR1 and P4VP blocks are the principal contribution to SAFC emission than those between DR1 and ethanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7COA of Formula: C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics