Month: February 2023

A Convenient Synthesis of 2-Fluoro- and 2-Chloromalonic Esters Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine was written by Kitamura, Tsugio;Muta, Kensuke;Oyamada, Juzo. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2015.Safety of malonic acid dibutyl ester This article mentions the following:

Direct fluorination of malonic esters with a reagent system of iodosylbenzene and Et₃N·5HF gave the corresponding 2-fluoromalonic esters in good to high yields. Direct chlorination using iodosylbenzene and hydrochloric acid also provided the 2-chloromalonates in high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Safety of malonic acid dibutyl ester).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Safety of malonic acid dibutyl ester

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A metal-free desulfurizing radical reductive C-C coupling of thiols and alkenes was written by Qin, Qixue;Wang, Weijing;Zhang, Cheng;Song, Song;Jiao, Ning. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate This article mentions the following:

An intermol. reductive C-C coupling of electrophilic alkyl radicals and alkenes was developed. Thiols were used as both hydrogen-donating reagents and alkyl radical precursors in the presence of tri-Et phosphite and radical initiator. A wide range of alkenes, including styrenes and aliphatic olefins were well tolerated in this transformation. Mechanistic studies indicated that a phosphite promoted radical desulfurization of thiols to accessed electrophilic alkyl radicals and a radical chain propagation process may be involved in this transformation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate (cas: 93108-07-7Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate).

Methyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate (cas: 93108-07-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Mild Method for the Direct Fluorination of Pyrroles by Using a Lipophilic Anionic Phase-Transfer Catalyst was written by Hiramatsu, Kenichi;Tamamura, Hirokazu. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A mild fluorination method for pyrroles, based on anionic phase-transfer catalysis by using Selectfluor, a lipophilic phosphoric acid, and a base in an apolar solvent is described. The thus obtained fluorinated pyrroles bearing a wide variety of functional groups are attractive building blocks for medicinal chem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ruthenium Catalyzed Rearrangement of Ene-cyclopropenes. Divergent Reaction Pathways was written by Lopez-Rodriguez, Alberto;Dominguez, Gema;Perez-Castells, Javier. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

The reaction of ene-cyclopropenes with Cp*RuCl(cod) leads to alkenyl bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes, and bicyclo[5.1.0]octanes. This reaction involves a reverse regioselectivity in the cyclopropene opening than with gold chlorides. With gem-disubstituted cyclopropenes, a novel cycloisomerization based on ring-opening nucleophilic attack and rearrangement is observed Alternatively, some gem-disubstituted cyclopropenes give dimerizations of the intermediate carbene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9HPLC of Formula: 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.HPLC of Formula: 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Degraded polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis: purification, physico-chemical properties, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities was written by Huo, Yun-Feng;Li, Yin-Ting;Xia, Wei;Wang, Chong;Xie, Yuan-Yuan;Wang, Yan-Bo;Zhou, Tao;Fu, Ling-Lin. And the article was included in Glycoconjugate Journal in 2021.COA of Formula: C16H22O11 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: To explore effect of the structural properties of porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide on its biol. activity, degraded porphyra polysaccharides were separated and purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 chromatog., obtaining three purified components (P1, P2 and P3). All the three components were sulfate polysaccharides containing the repeating units of → 3 β-D-galactose 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose 1 →, and → 3 β-D-galactose 1 → 4 α-L-galactose-6-S 1 →, and → 3 6-O-methyl-β-D-galactose 1 → 4 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose 1 →. The mol. weight of the three fractions was measured to be 300.3, 130.4 and 115.1 kDa, resp. Their antioxidant activity was investigated by the determination of the free radical scavenging effect and ferric reducing power. It was found that P1, P2 and P3 possessed marked antioxidant activity. It was also found that they appreciably enhanced the proliferation, phagocytic ability and nitric oxide secretion in RAW264.7 cells. Lower mol. weight and higher sulfate content were beneficial to bioactivities of P. haitanensis polysaccharides. Overall, P2 and P3 possess superior immuno-modulatory activity to that of P1 and PHP. Thus, the current work will provide the basis for the better utilization of P. haitanensis to develop the related functional foods. Graphical abstract: [graphic not available: see fulltext]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4COA of Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and synthesis of novel protease inhibitors. Tripeptide α’,β’-epoxyketones as nanomolar inactivators of the proteasome was written by Spaltenstein, Andrew;Leban, Johann J.;Huang, Jim J.;Reinhardt, Kelli R.;Viveros, O. Humberto;Sigafoos, Jim;Crouch, Ronald. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1996.Product Details of 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

Tripeptide epoxy ketones I and II (Z = PhCH₂O₂C) were prepared stereospecifically starting from N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine. Diastereomer I inhibited the chymotrypsin-like activity of porcine endothelial cell derived proteasome at low nanomolar concentrations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Product Details of 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Product Details of 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volatile oils from Psidium guineense Swartz leaves: Chemical seasonality, antimicrobial, and larvicidal activities was written by Abrao, Fernando Yano;da Costa, Henrique Marques;Fiuza, Tatiana de Sousa;Ramada, Marcelo Henrique Soller;Santos, Adelair Helena dos;Romano, Camila Aline;da Cunha, Luiz Carlos;Neto, Jeronimo Raimundo de Oliveira;Borges, Leonardo Luiz;Ferreira, Heleno Dias;de Paula, Jose Realino. And the article was included in South African Journal of Botany in 2022.Safety of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

Psidium guineense Swartz is a shrub used in urinary tract diseases, diarrhea, and dysentery. The aims of this study were to analyze the seasonal chem. variability of the volatile oils of P. guineense leaves for 12 mo, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungus, and the larvicidal activity against third-instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The identification of the volatile oil components was performed by gas chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial and larvicidal activities were assessed by in vitro methodologies. The majority compounds of the volatile oil were (2Z,6E)-farnesol (15.1-51.2%), α-copaene (5.9-24.6%) and muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1β-ol (2.7-9.6%). The composition varied according to rainfall occurrence: Cluster I (volatile oils from leaves collected in Apr., June, July, August, Sept., Oct., and Dec.- low precipitation months), Cluster II (volatile oils from leaves collected in Jan., Feb., March, May, and Nov. – higher precipitation levels). Cluster I and Cluster II showed strong to moderate activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC = 32-64μg/mL) and Micrococcus luteus (MIC = 16-32μg/mL) while promising larvicidal activity was observed against Ae. aegypti (LC50 20.5-36.4μg/mL; LC90 47.5-70.1μg/mL). This is the first report describing the seasonal variability of P. guineense volatile oils, antifungal activity against yeasts, and larvicidal activity over Ae. aegypti. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Safety of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Safety of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Using the 3-Diethylaminobenzyl Group as a Photocage in Aqueous Solution was written by Ding, Xiong;Wang, Pengfei. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Name: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate This article mentions the following:

Authors have demonstrated that the 3-diethylaminobenzyl (DEABn) photolabile protecting group (PPG) is an effective and structurally simple PPG for releasing mols. in aqueous environment. In general, the photoreaction is clean, and the released substrate and the PPG product, i.e., 3-diethylaminobenzyl alc., are obtained in high yield. The clean photoreaction can also be achieved under mild ambient conditions with sunlight, while the reactant is stable under indoor lighting. Release of two substrates from one PPG chromophore in aqueous solution has been demonstrated to be feasible. Authors have also compared the uncaging properties of the DEABn and the widely used o-nitrobenzyl (o-NB) group, given their comparable structural simplicity. With its clean and efficient photochem. reaction, DEABn should find wide applications, including in the basic and applied research areas where o-NB and its various derivatives are widely used. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Name: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Name: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new MET inhibitors with 1,6-naphthyridinone scaffold was written by Wang, Ming-Shu;Zhuo, Lin-Sheng;Yang, Fan-Peng;Wang, Wen-Jie;Huang, Wei;Yang, Guang-Fu. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

A potent and novel MET inhibitor, naphthyridin-4(1H)-one derivatives I and II [R¹ = Me, cyclopropyl, Bu, etc.; R² = H, Me, Et, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl] was synthesized via a scaffold-hopping strategy of a 2,7-naphthyridinone MET kinase inhibitor III. Lead compound I had good potency (IC₅₀ of 9.8 nM), but unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles (F = 12%, CL = 5.0 L/h/kg). Systematic structural optimization of compound I resulted in II [R¹ = cyclopropyl, R² = H] (MET, IC₅₀ = of 9.8 nM) with a comparable MET potency to that of compound IV and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile (F = 63%, CL = 0.12 L/h/kg). Further study of the derivatization of N(1) amine group of II [R¹ = cyclopropyl, R² = H] led to the discovery of compound II [R¹ = cyclopropyl, R² = Me] with good MET potency (IC₅₀ of 7.1 nM), promising VEGFR-2 selectivity (3226-fold) and a markedly drug-likeness improvement (F = 57.7%, CL = 0.02 L/h/kg). The excellent VEGFR-2 selectivity and favorable drug-likeness of II [R¹ = cyclopropyl, R² = Me] suggested that the 1,6-naphthyridine moiety could be used as a new scaffold for kinase inhibitor discovery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Parallel synthesis of isatin-based serine protease inhibitors was written by Shuttleworth, Stephen J.;Nasturica, Daniel;Gervais, Christian;Siddiqui, M. Arshad;Rando, Robert F.;Lee, Nola. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2000.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of N-functionalized isatins, such as I [R = CH(Me)COC₆H₄-3-OMe, R¹ = Me, R³ = H; R = CH₂CONH₂, CH₂COC₆H₄-4-Cl, R¹ = R³ = H], using parallel, solution synthesis is described. Functionalized polymers were employed as stoichiometric and catalytic reagents as well as purification media. The prepared isatins showed inhibition against a panel of serine proteases, i.e. human chymotrypsin, human leukocyte elastase, and human plasmin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics