Month: February 2023

The synthesis of heterogeneous 7-amino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid immobilized silica nanoparticles and its catalytic activity was written by Adam, Farook;Hello, Kasim Mohammed;Ben Aisha, Maysun Ramadan. And the article was included in Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers in 2011.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

7-Amino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANSA) was immobilized onto silica via a simple sol-gel technique to form strong Bronsted acid site, RHANPSO₃H. Spherical nano sized catalyst particles were obtained in this study. The ²⁹Si MAS NMR showed the presence of T³, T², Q³ and Q⁴ silicon centers. The ¹³C MAS NMR anal. showed the presence of three chem. shifts consistent with the three carbon atoms of the Pr group. Chem. shifts in the range 122.2-138.9 ppm indicate the presence of the naphthalene ring. The catalytic performance of RHANPSO₃H was tested in the esterification of Bu alc. with different mono and di-acids at 117 °C with 88% conversion of resp. alcs. and 100% selectivity towards the ester. The catalyst could be regenerated by washing with ethanol and drying at 180 °C for 24 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparison of Phenylacetates with Benzoates and Phenylpropanoates as Antifeedants for the Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis was written by Unelius, C. Rikard;Bohman, Bjoern;Nordlander, Goeran. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 28478-46-8 This article mentions the following:

This study concludes an extensive investigation of antifeedants for the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an economically important pest of planted conifer seedlings. Building on the previously reported antifeedant effects of benzoates and phenylpropanoids (aromatic compounds with one- or three-carbon-atom substituents on the benzene ring), we here report the antifeedant effects of compounds with two-carbon-atom side chains (i.e., phenylacetates). We also present new results; the best antifeedants from the benzoate class were tested at 10-fold lower concentrations in order to find the optimal antifeedants. Generally, for all three compound classes, efficient antifeedants were found to have one or two Me, chloro, or methoxy substituents on the aromatic ring. For monosubstituted phenylpropanoids, the substituent preferably should be in the para-position. In the search for synergistic antifeedant effects among the three compound classes, combinations of compounds from the three classes were tested in binary and ternary mixtures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate (cas: 28478-46-8HPLC of Formula: 28478-46-8).

Methyl 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate (cas: 28478-46-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 28478-46-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enantioselective and Regioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Pyrroles with Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Tridentate Schiff Base-Copper Complex was written by Guo, Fengfeng;Chang, Dalu;Lai, Guoyin;Zhu, Tao;Xiong, Shunshun;Wang, Sujing;Wang, Zhiyong. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2011.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A mild and highly efficient catalytic system has been developed for the asym. Friedel-Crafts alkylation of pyrroles with nitroalkenes. High yields, and excellent enantioselectivities and regioselectivities were obtained for a broad range of substrates. The synthetic utility of this methodol. and mechanistic studies involving a novel, neg., nonlinear effect are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Decoding the Specific Roasty Aroma Wuyi Rock Tea (Camellia sinensis: Dahongpao) by the Sensomics Approach was written by Wang, Jing;Li, Mengru;Wang, Hui;Huang, Wenjing;Li, Fang;Wang, Lili;Ho, Chi-Tang;Zhang, Yanyan;Zhang, Liang;Zhai, Xiaoting;Wan, Xiaochun. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Aroma extract dilution anal. was performed on volatile fractions extracted from a freshly prepared Dahongpao (DHP) tea infusion using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, yielding 65 odor-active domains with flavor dilution factors ranging between 32 and 32,768. In addition, six aromatic substances were captured by headspace anal. Quantitation of 54 compounds by an internal standard method and stable isotope dilution assays revealed that the concentrations of 32 odorants exceeded their resp. orthonasal odor threshold values in tea infusion. The results of odor activity values (OAVs) suggested that 2-metylbutanal (malty) and γ-hexalactone (coconut-like) had the highest OAVs (248 and 154). Eight odorants including γ-hexalactone (OAV 154), Me 2-methylbutanoate (59), phenylacetic acid (7.2), acetylpyrazine (5.7), 2-methoxyphenol (3.4), p-cresol (2.7), 2,6-diethylpyrazine (2.7), and vanillin (1.8) were newly identified as key odorants in DHP tea infusion. An aroma recombination model in a non-volatile matrix extracted from tea infusion satisfactorily mimicked the overall aroma of DHP tea infusion, thereby confirming the identification and quant. experiments Omission experiments verified the obvious significance of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (OAV 91), 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (19), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (13), and acetylpyrazine (5.7) as key odorants for the special roasty and caramel-like aroma of DHP tea. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Electric Literature of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives containing chloropyrrole moieties was written by Jin, Yun-Zhou;Fu, Da-Xu;Ma, Nan;Li, Zhan-Cheng;Liu, Quan-Hai;Xiao, Lin;Zhang, Rong-Hua. And the article was included in Molecules in 2011.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Novel 3-substituted indolin-2-ones containing chloropyrroles were synthesized and their biol. activities were evaluated. The presence of Cl on the pyrrole ring was crucial to reduce cardiotoxicity. The presence of a 2-(ethylamino)ethylcarbamoyl group as a substituent at C(4′) of the pyrrole enhanced the antitumor activities notably. IC₅₀ values of 0.32, 0.67, 1.19, and 1.22 μM were achieved against non-small cell lung cancer (A549), oral epithelial (KB), melanoma (K111), and large cell lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H460), resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis and identification of novel colchicine-derived immunosuppressant was written by Chang, Dong-Jo;Yoon, Eun-Young;Lee, Geon-Bong;Kim, Soon-Ok;Kim, Wan-Joo;Kim, Young-Myeong;Jung, Jong-Wha;An, Hongchan;Suh, Young-Ger. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2009.COA of Formula: C9H9FO2 This article mentions the following:

Colchicine-derived nitrate esters I [R = MeO, SMe, Me₂N; R¹ = O₂NO(CH₂)₃, 3-(O₂NOCH₂)C₆H₄, 4-(O₂NOCH₂)C₆H₄; R² = H, Me] and II (R³, R⁴, R⁵ = H, MeO, F, Cl, Br, I, NC, O₂N, Ph) are prepared as potential immunosuppressant agents and tested for their inhibition of the allogenic mixed-lymphocyte reaction. The cytotoxicities, inhibition of NO production, and inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α levels for I [R = MeS; R¹ = O₂NO(CH₂)₃, 3-(O₂NOCH₂)C₆H₄] are determined; the inhibition of lymphoproliferation by I [R = MeS; R¹ = O₂NO(CH₂)₃, 3-(O₂NOCH₂)C₆H₄, 4-(O₂NOCH₂)C₆H₄; R² = H] and by II (R³ = R⁴ = H; R⁵ = F), II (R³ = Cl; R⁴ = R⁵ = H), II (R³ = R⁴ = H; R⁵ = Cl), and II (R³ = O₂N; R⁴ = R⁵ = H) are also determined The cytotoxicity of II (R³ = Cl; R⁴ = R⁵ = H) and its effectiveness in increasing skin allograft survival are determined and compared to that of cyclosporin A. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoate (cas: 180636-50-4COA of Formula: C9H9FO2).

Methyl 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoate (cas: 180636-50-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C9H9FO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical characteristics and toxicological effects of leachates from plastics under simulated seawater and fish digest was written by Qiu, Shu-Qing;Huang, Guo-Yong;Fang, Gui-Zhen;Li, Xiao-Pei;Lei, Dong-Qiao;Shi, Wen-Jun;Xie, Lingtian;Ying, Guang-Guo. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.COA of Formula: C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

In recent years, the ecol. risks of plastics to marine environments and organisms have attracted increasing attention, especially the leachates from plastics. However, a comprehensive knowledge about the leaching characteristics and subsequent toxicol. effects of leachates is still sparse. In this study, 15 different plastic products were immersed in simulated seawater and fish digest for 16 h. The leachates were analyzed through non-target and target analyses and their toxicol. signatures were assessed by bioassays. In total, 240 additives were identified from the plastic leachates, among which plasticizers represented the most (16.7%), followed by antioxidants (8.7%) and flame retardants (7.1%). Approx. 40% of plastic leachates exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the bioluminescence using a recombinant luminescent assay. In addition, both the hyperactive and hypoactive behaviors were displayed in the larvae of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) exposed to some plastic leachates. In general, the number and amount of identified compounds under simulated fish digest were less than those under simulated seawater. However, the simulated fish digest leachates triggered higher toxicity. Redundancy anal. demonstrated that identified additives did not adequately explain the toxicol. effects. Future research should focus on the identification of more additives in the plastic leachates and their potential ecol. risks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7COA of Formula: C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of rare earth nucleating agent on supercritical CO₂ foaming behavior of block copolymerized polypropylene was written by Zhang, Yun;He, Yadong;Xin, Chunling;Su, Yanbin. And the article was included in Cellular Polymers in 2022.Reference of 6683-19-8 This article mentions the following:

The rare earth nucleating agent was used to modify block copolymerized polypropylene (PPB) in foaming process. The results show that the crystallization of PPB and the melting temperature of β-crystal increased gradually with increased β-crystal nucleating agent content. The total crystallinity decreased with amount of addition increasing, and the relative content of β-crystal increased first and then decreased. When β-crystal nucleating agent content was 0.4 wt%, the relative β-crystal content reached the maximum value of 95.27%, and the final crystal grain refinement significantly. The addition of rare earth β-crystal nucleating agent has a good effect on improving the uniformity of foam cells. Under the same content of β-crystal nucleating agent and pressure, the average cell diameter and expansion ratio increased with the saturation temperature increasing. After the foaming temperature reaches 155°C, the expansion ratio began to decrease, which was also consistent with the changed trend of relative β-crystal content. At the same content of temperature and relative β-crystal, as the foaming pressure increased, the cell diameter decreased gradually, and the expansion ratio increased first, and then decreased. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Reference of 6683-19-8).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 6683-19-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occurrence and migration of phthalates in adhesive materials to fruits and vegetables was written by Hou, Haonan;Min, Yihao;Liu, Xueke;Wang, Peng;Zhou, Zhiqiang;Liu, Donghui. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Application of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Labels or tapes are widely used on fresh fruits and vegetables, which may contain phthalates (PAEs). There are few studies on the contamination pathway of PAEs from labels or tapes to food stuff. In this study, the concentrations of eleven PAEs in adhesive labels, tapes, labeled fruits and vegetables on the market were investigated. The eleven PAEs were detected with the total concentration of 7.44-30.51 mg/m2 in labels and tapes. Di-Et phthalate (DEP), di-Bu phthalate (DIBP), di-Me phthalate (DMP), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-Bu phthalate (DBP) had the highest detection frequency in adhesive material samples. The concentrations of PAEs in labeled fruits were higher than that in unlabeled fruits, especially in the peel, indicating PAEs could transfer from labels or tapes to fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the migration behaviors of PAEs from labels or tapes to apples, avocados and celery were investigated. It was found that the PAEs could penetrate to apple and avocado pulp through the peel, resulting in the residue of the PAEs in the whole fruit. Unlike apple peel, the thick avocado peel was more difficultly penetrated by the PAEs. Due to the high lipid content, the PAEs distributed more evenly in avocado pulp than in apple pulp. The migrations up to a maximum of 4.16 mg/kg were found for Bu benzyl phthalate (BBP) in avocado peel and up to a maximum of 0.188 mg/kg in avocado pulp. The average migration of the PAEs in celery ranged from 0.3 to 26.1 μg/kg in three days and the low migration might result from the rough surface and less contacting area. These findings suggest that the use of labels or tapes in direct contact may increase the risk of PAEs exposure to humans through fruits and vegetables. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Pyrethroids and Jasmonoids through Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions was written by Parpal, Florencia;Paullier, Ana Paula;Pandolfi, Enrique;Heguaburu, Viviana. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2022.Application of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of jasmone and related jasmonoids and pyrethroids is described. These compounds play a defensive role in plants and share a common cyclopentenone core with variations in the side chains. Jasmone, cinerone, allylrethrone, and derivatives were synthesized through π-allyl palladium cross-coupling of stannane derivatives With selective hydrogenation, dihydrojasmone, and dihydrocinerone were also synthesized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Application of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics