Chemical characteristics and toxicological effects of leachates from plastics under simulated seawater and fish digest was written by Qiu, Shu-Qing;Huang, Guo-Yong;Fang, Gui-Zhen;Li, Xiao-Pei;Lei, Dong-Qiao;Shi, Wen-Jun;Xie, Lingtian;Ying, Guang-Guo. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.COA of Formula: C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:
In recent years, the ecol. risks of plastics to marine environments and organisms have attracted increasing attention, especially the leachates from plastics. However, a comprehensive knowledge about the leaching characteristics and subsequent toxicol. effects of leachates is still sparse. In this study, 15 different plastic products were immersed in simulated seawater and fish digest for 16 h. The leachates were analyzed through non-target and target analyses and their toxicol. signatures were assessed by bioassays. In total, 240 additives were identified from the plastic leachates, among which plasticizers represented the most (16.7%), followed by antioxidants (8.7%) and flame retardants (7.1%). Approx. 40% of plastic leachates exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the bioluminescence using a recombinant luminescent assay. In addition, both the hyperactive and hypoactive behaviors were displayed in the larvae of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) exposed to some plastic leachates. In general, the number and amount of identified compounds under simulated fish digest were less than those under simulated seawater. However, the simulated fish digest leachates triggered higher toxicity. Redundancy anal. demonstrated that identified additives did not adequately explain the toxicol. effects. Future research should focus on the identification of more additives in the plastic leachates and their potential ecol. risks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7COA of Formula: C20H26O4).
Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C20H26O4
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics