Month: January 2023

Biochemical characterization of apple slices dried using low temperature and stored in modified atmosphere packaging was written by Cozzolino, Rosaria;Palumbo, Michela;Cefola, Maria;Capotorto, Imperatrice;Linsalata, Vito;Forte, Giovanna;Petriccione, Milena;De Giulio, Beatrice;Pace, Bernardo. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Recommanded Product: 868-57-5 This article mentions the following:

Apple slices (Pinova cv) dried at mild temperature (40°C), compared to 65°C dried slices, are enriched (up to about 50%) in polyphenols (e.g., catechin, epicatechin, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin derivatives). Chem. (dipping solutions) and phys. (packaging) treatments are key in controlling the enzymic browning of dried apple slices and maintain their nutritional content. In the present study we investigated the effects of dipping and packaging on the physicochem. properties of dried apple slices. Specifically, apple slices dried at 40°C were comparatively dipped in 1% calcium citrate (CC) or 1% citric acid (CA) and stored in active modified atm. (a-MA) or in passive (p-MA) for 100 days. A mild drying approach combined with dipping in CC and a-MA preservation, produced high quality dried apple slices, both in terms of sensory characteristics and color retention. Remarkably, upon this treatment, fruits exhibited an enhanced volatile profile that correlated with fresh and fruity apple notes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Recommanded Product: 868-57-5).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 868-57-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volatile profiles of five jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) cultivars grown in the Mexican Pacific area was written by Barros-Castillo, Julio C.;Calderon-Santoyo, Montserrat;Cuevas-Glory, Luis F.;Pino, Jorge A.;Ragazzo-Sanchez, Juan A.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The volatile compounds of five kind of cultivars of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) grown in Nayarit, Mexico, was researched by using extraction and chromatog. methods such as headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighty-six volatile compounds were identified. The most prominent compounds in the analyzed cultivars were alkyl esters of 3-methylbutanoic acid. Et 3-methylbutanoate was the most abundant ester in FMC, JMC and RMC cultivars (190.7-961.2 μg/kg), whereas Bu 3-methylbutanoate (152.8-205.2 μg/kg) and pentyl 3-methylbutanoate (105.1-210.9 μg/kg) were predominant in DMC and BMC cultivars. By utilizing clustering statistical techniques such as principal component anal. was possible to identify certain esters compounds (number and concentration) to differentiate each cultivar. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification and Preclinical Evaluation of the Bicyclic Pyrimidine γ-Secretase Modulator BMS-932481 was written by Boy, Kenneth M.;Guernon, Jason M.;Zuev, Dmitry S.;Xu, Li;Zhang, Yunhui;Shi, Jianliang;Marcin, Lawrence R.;Higgins, Mendi A.;Wu, Yong-Jin;Krishnananthan, Subramaniam;Li, Jianqing;Trehan, Ashok;Smith, Daniel;Toyn, Jeremy H.;Meredith, Jere E.;Burton, Catherine R.;Kimura, S. Roy;Zvyaga, Tatyana;Zhuo, Xiaoliang;Lentz, Kimberley A.;Grace, James E.;Denton, Rex;Morrison, John S.;Mathur, Arvind;Albright, Charles F.;Ahlijanian, Michael K.;Olson, Richard E.;Thompson, Lorin A.;Macor, John E.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

A triazine hit identified from a screen of the BMS compound collection was optimized for potency, in vivo activity, and off-target profile to produce the bicyclic pyrimidine γ-secretase modulator BMS-932481. The compound showed robust reductions of Aβ_1-42 and Aβ_1-40 in the plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid of mice and rats. Consistent with the γ-secretase modulator mechanism, increases in Aβ_1-37 and Aβ_1-38 were observed, with no change in the total amount of Aβ_1-x produced. No Notch-based toxicity was observed, and the overall preclin. profile of BMS-932481 supported its further evaluation in human clin. trials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

C-N Coupling of DNA-Conjugated (Hetero)aryl Bromides and Chlorides for DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Synthesis was written by Chen, Ying-Chu;Faver, John C.;Ku, Angela F.;Miklossy, Gabriella;Riehle, Kevin;Bohren, Kurt M.;Ucisik, Melek N.;Matzuk, Martin M.;Yu, Zhifeng;Simmons, Nicholas. And the article was included in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 41191-92-8 This article mentions the following:

DNA-encoded chem. library (DECL) screens are a rapid and economical tool to identify chem. starting points for drug discovery. As a robust transformation for drug discovery, palladium-catalyzed C-N coupling is a valuable synthetic method for the construction of DECL chem. matter; however, currently disclosed methods have only been demonstrated on DNA-attached (hetero)aromatic iodide and bromide electrophiles. We developed conditions utilizing an N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium catalyst that extends this reaction to the coupling of DNA-conjugated (hetero)aromatic chlorides with (hetero)aromatic and select aliphatic amine nucleophiles. In addition, we evaluated steric and electronic effects within this catalyst series, carried out a large substrate scope study on two representative (hetero)aryl bromides, and applied this newly developed method within the construction of a 63 million-membered DECL. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8HPLC of Formula: 41191-92-8).

Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 41191-92-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Both chemical and non-chemical steps limit the catalytic efficiency of family 4 glycoside hydrolases was written by Sannikova, Natalia;Gerak, Chloe A. N.;Shidmoossavee, Fahimeh S.;King, Dustin T.;Shamsi Kazem Abadi, Saeideh;Lewis, Andrew R.;Bennet, Andrew J.. And the article was included in Biochemistry in 2018.Computed Properties of C16H22O11 This article mentions the following:

The glycoside hydrolase family 4 (GH4) α-galactosidase from Citrobacter freundii (MelA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of fluoro-substituted Ph α-D-galactopyranosides by utilizing two cofactors, NAD⁺ and a metal cation, under reducing conditions. In order to refine the mechanistic understanding of this GH4 enzyme, leaving group effects were measured with various metal cations. The derived β_lg value on V/K for strontium activation is indistinguishable from zero (0.05 ± 0.12). Deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were measured for the activated substrates 2-fluorophenyl and 4-fluorophenyl α-D-galactopyranosides in the presence of Sr²⁺, Y³⁺, and Mn²⁺, where the isotopic substitution was on the carbohydrate at C-2 and/or C-3. To determine the contributing factors to the virtual transition state (TS) on which the KIEs report, kinetic isotope effects on isotope effects were measured on these KIEs using doubly deuterated substrates. The measured ^DV/K KIEs for MelA-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2-fluorophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside are closer to unity than the measured effects on 4-fluorophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside, irresp. of the site of isotopic substitution and of the metal cation activator. These observations are consistent with hydride transfer at C-3 to the on-board NAD⁺, deprotonation at C-2, and a non-chem. step contributing to the virtual TS for V/K. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Computed Properties of C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthetic studies towards bis-heterodimeric netropsin analogs was written by Al-Said, Naim H.;Shawakfeh, Khaled Q.. And the article was included in Jordan Journal of Chemistry in 2007.SDS of cas: 5930-92-7 This article mentions the following:

An expedient synthetic method has been developed for the preparation of a properly functionalized pyrrole-imidazole template suitable for the construction of heterodimeric bislexitropsins. The pyrrole-imidazole carboxamide derivatives are connected through the nitrogen atoms of central heterocyclic rings by a tether of bis-ethoxyethane chain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7SDS of cas: 5930-92-7).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 5930-92-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tandem Solid-Phase Extraction Columns for Simultaneous Aroma Extraction and Fractionation of Wuliangye and Other Baijiu was written by He, Zhanglan;Yang, Kangzhuo;Liu, Zhipeng;An, Mingzhe;Qiao, Zongwei;Zhao, Dong;Zheng, Jia;Qian, Michael C.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Recommanded Product: 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

Wuliangye baijiu is one of the most famous baijiu in China, with a rich, harmonic aroma profile highly appreciated by consumers. Thousands of volatiles have been identified for the unique aroma profile. Among them, fatty acid esters have been identified as the main contributors to the aroma profile. In addition, many non-ester minor compounds, many of which are more polar than the esters, have been identified to contribute to the characteristic aroma unique to Wuliangye baijiu. The anal. of these minor compounds has been challenging due to the dominance of esters in the sample. Thus, it is desirable to fractionate the aroma extract into subgroups based on functional group or polarity to simplify the anal. This study attempts a new approach to achieve simultaneous volatile extraction and fractionation using tandem LiChrolut EN and silica gel solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns. A baijiu sample (10 mL, diluted in 40 mL of water) was first passed through the LiChrolut EN (1.0 g) column. The loaded LiChrolut EN column was then dried with air and coupled with a silica gel (5.0 g) SPE column with anhydrous Na2SO4 (10.0 g) in between. The volatile compounds were eluted from the LiChrolut EN column and simultaneously fractionated on the silica gel column based on polarity. The simultaneous extraction and fractionation technique enabled the fractionations of all fatty acid esters into less polar fractions. Fatty acids, alcs., pyrazines, furans, phenols, hydroxy esters, and other polar compounds were collected in more polar fractions. This technique was used to study the volatile compounds in Wuliangye, Moutai, and Fengjiu baijiu. In addition to fatty acid esters, many minor polar compounds, including 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, p-cresol, and 2-acetylpyrrole, were unequivocally identified in the samples. The procedure is fast and straightforward, with low solvent consumption. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Recommanded Product: 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolomics and flavoromics analysis of chemical constituent changes during roasting of germinated Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) was written by Keawkim, Kannika;Na Jom, Kriskamol. And the article was included in Food Chemistry: X in 2022.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

This study examined the changes in metabolites together with the flavor profiles of germinated Sacha inchi seeds during roasting by using gas chromatog. The results indicated that roasting partially increased the browning index, amino acid levels, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity, but slightly decreased the levels of reducing sugars. Oxidized and rancid compounds were significantly decreased at a 180 °C roasting temperature Pyrazine, furan, and pyrrole were Maillard reaction products that were increased at 180 °C of roasting. Roasting at 145 °C for 45 min after germination for 4 days was determined to be the optimal conditions for roasting germinated Sacha inchi seeds, which reduced the off-flavor and burned taste. The roasted germinated Sacha inchi seed contains higher amino acids than raw seed, which could be used as an alternative source for food products and supplements. In addition, the roasted germinated seeds at 4 days were recommended for food applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Formula: C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Barbituric acids. I. Synthesis of methylenebis(5-alkyl-barbituric acids) was written by Levina, R. Ya.;Godovikov, N. N.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii in 1954.Product Details of 10203-58-4 This article mentions the following:

CH₂(CO₂Et)₂ with paraform and 10% alc. KOH gave 60-70% CH₂[CH(CO₂Et)₂]₂ (I), b₅ 174-5°, n²⁰_D 1.4425, d₂₀ 1.119; mercuration with Hg(OAc)₂ gave the di-HgCl derivative, decompose 165-7° (from EtOH-Me₂CO). I (34 g.) added to 4.6 g. Na in 150 ml. dry EtOH, then RX added dropwise (the heating being interrupted for the addition), and the mixture heated until the basic reaction had nearly disappeared gave by the usual treatment the following (EtO₂C)₂CRCH₂CR'(CO₂Et)₂, (R, R’, % yield, b.p./mm., and n²⁰_D shown): Me, Me, 30.8, 190-1°/10, 1.4470; H, Me, 11.5, 78-9°/10, 1.4132; H, Et, 30.5, 74-5°/3, 1.4152; Et, Et, -, – (m. 62-3°), -; H, Pr, 32.3, 114-16°/3, 1.4198; Pr, Pr, 40, 206-8°/11 (m. 41-2°), -; Bu, Bu, 37.4, 198-9°/5, 1.4522; H, Bu, 30, 124-8°/18, 1.4226; H, PhCH₂, not isolated; PhCH₂,PhCH₂, 17, 240-5°/4 (m. 44°), -. The reactions yielded minor amounts of the polymers of I, m. 156° [cf. Bottomley and Perkin, J. Chem. Soc. 77, 306(1900)]. Alkylation attempts with iso-PrX, iso-BuX, iso-AmX (where X is halide), and cyclohexyl chloride, failed; only the corresponding RCH(CO₂Et)₂, polymer of I, and unreacted starting material were isolated. The reaction of the dialkylated esters with urea in the presence of EtONa yielded the following, 5,5′-methylenebis(5,1-alkylbarbituric acids) (alkyl group shown): H, 45%, decompose 300°; Me, 44.8%, m. 252-3°; Et, 61.7%, decompose 364-5°; Pr, 56.2%, decompose 358-9°; Bu, 25.4%, m. 235-8°; PhCH₂, 15.3%, m. 210-11°. The ring closures were run 18 hrs. at 120°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4Product Details of 10203-58-4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 10203-58-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Combined bioderivatization and engineering approach to improve the efficiency of geraniol production was written by Wang, Xun;Xiao, Longjie;Zhang, Xinyi;Zhang, Jia;Zhang, Yu;Wang, Fei;Li, Xun. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

Constructing microbial factories offers a sustainable strategy for terpenoid synthesis; however, the accumulation of terpenoid products is often toxic to cells and hampers production yields. Here, we developed a bioderivatization strategy that successfully alleviates the toxicity of the end-product and maximizes the biochem. production of geraniol in Escherichia coli. We observed that the conversion of geraniol to less toxic geranyl acetate, which is an esterified derivative of geraniol, had a significant pos. effect on productivity. Subsequently, the high concentration and purity of geraniol was recovered by the combined hydrolysis of geranyl acetate and solid phase adsorption. These findings demonstrate that a combination of bioderivatization and engineering approaches for the biosynthesis of a relatively toxic chem. (geraniol) can mitigate cytotoxicity while further promoting production efficiency. Finally, the maximal titer of these engineering strategies accumulated 13.19 g L^-1 of geraniol by fed-batch fermentation in a 10-L fermentor. This study highlights the ability of this system to address the challenges associated with toxic geraniol accumulation. More broadly, the developed approach could also be considered for metabolic engineering of other similar chems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Recommanded Product: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Recommanded Product: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics