Month: January 2023

Citrus limetta Peel-Derived Catalyst for Sustainable Production of Biodiesel was written by Yadav, Gaurav;Ahmaruzzaman, Mohammad. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2022.Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

To produce biodiesel from oleic acid (OA), the effectiveness of sweet lemon (Citrus limetta) waste peels as an acidic catalyst in an esterification process is examined in the current work. A biowaste-derived sulfonated carbon-based catalyst is fabricated without high temperatures via a simple one-pot process. Several techniques are used to investigate the chem. components and morphol. of the catalyst, including Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XPS, thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The biodiesel conversion is observed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), proton NMR ¹H NMR, and carbon NMR ¹³C NMR. The excellent biodiesel conversion of 96% was obtained using optimized conditions, i.e., 1:20 of OA/MeOH, 5 wt % catalyst loading, 70°C temperature, and 3 h. The catalyst shows 87% conversion in just 1 h, and the maximum conversion was found to be â‰?6%. This high activity of the catalyst can be attributed to the presence of sulfonic groups and its porous nature. The formed catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity up to three cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of the Influence of Multiple Closed Recycling Loops on the Property Profile of Different Polyolefins was written by Langwieser, Johanna;Schweighuber, Andrea;Felgel-Farnholz, Alexander;Marschik, Christian;Buchberger, Wolfgang;Fischer, Joerg. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In a circular economy, polymeric materials are used in multiple loops to manufacture products. Therefore, closed-loops are also envisaged for the mech. recycling of plastics, in which plastic is used for products that are in turn collected and reprocessed again and again to make further products. However, this reprocessing involves degradation processes within the plastics, which become apparent through changes in the property profile of the material. In the present paper, the influence of multiple recycling loops on the material properties of four different polyolefins was analyzed. Two different closed-loop cycles with industrially sized processing machines were defined, and each polyolefin was processed and reprocessed within the predefined cycles. For the investigation of the effect of the resp. loops, samples were taken after each loop. The samples were characterized by high-pressure liquid chromatog. coupled to a quadru-pole time-of-flight MS, high-temperature gel permeation chromatog., melt flow rate measurements, IR spectroscopy, DTA, and tensile tests. With increasing number of processing loops, the tested polyolefins showed continuous material degradation, which resulted in significant changes in the property profiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and properties of polypropylene-graphene nanocomposite was written by Rishaban, R.;Balakrishnan, G.;Hema, R.. And the article was included in Materials Today: Proceedings in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Graphene being 2D crystalline material has attracted broad and deep interest all over the world due to its good phys., chem., mech. and elec. property with high shape asymmetry. Fabrication of high-quality graphene is becoming increasingly important to work on its various properties and application prospects. Recent progress on the hybrid material-based nanomaterial has greater prospects in many applications. In this investigation, com. graphite powder is preferred as the precursor and two different solvents showing different exfoliation efficiencies, i.e., N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-Methylnaphthalene are employed as exfoliation media. Ball milling technique, known to have successfully produced nanomaterials in large scale, is employed in this work to produce multi- layered graphene sheets. Multi-layer graphene’s are made with high aspect ratio with modifications in process parameter. The exfoliated multi-layered graphene is incorporated as filler material with polypropylene matrix to develop polymer nanocomposites. The enhanced mech. stability of the polypropylene/graphene nanocomposite and its resp. morphol. is studied in this work which has applications in photovoltaics, electronic devices and facial reconstruction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of processing conditions on the aroma profile of Litopenaeus vannamei by SPME-GC-MS was written by Duppeti, Haritha;Kempaiah, Bettadaiah Bheemanakere;Manjabhatta, Sachindra Nakkarike. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

This study reports the aroma profile of Litopenaeus vannamei under different processing conditions such as raw, boiled, hot air dried, microwave dried and roasted using SPME-GC-MS. A total of 86 volatile compounds were identified, among which 38 compounds reported as aroma-active compounds (AAC) having the odor activity value (OAV) greater than one. The microwave-dried shrimp meat (MSM) exhibited the highest summation of odor activity value, and roasted shrimp meat (RSM) showed the highest concentration of aroma-active compounds (3448.78 μg/g). The partial least square regression (PLSR) anal. and cluster anal. (CA) showed that MSM and RSM are related to each other in their aroma characteristics while boiled shrimp meat (BSM) is different than these samples. The results of this study illustrate the typical volatile markers and the impact of processing methods on flavor generation in L. vannamei, which should be examined for the assessment of its freshness and product development based on shrimp flavor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A rapid synthesis of low-nanomolar divalent LecA inhibitors in four linear steps from D-galactose pentaacetate was written by Zahorska, Eva;Kuhaudomlarp, Sakonwan;Minervini, Saverio;Yousaf, Sultaan;Lepsik, Martin;Kinsinger, Thorsten;Hirsch, Anna K. H.;Imberty, Anne;Titz, Alexander. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Computed Properties of C16H22O11 This article mentions the following:

Chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with the formation of bacterial biofilms. The tetrameric P. aeruginosa lectin LecA is a virulence factor and an anti-biofilm drug target. Increasing the overall binding affinity by multivalent presentation of binding epitopes can enhance the weak carbohydrate-ligand interactions. Low-nanomolar divalent LecA ligands/inhibitors with up to 260-fold valency-normalized potency boost and excellent selectivity over human galectin-1 were synthesized from D-galactose pentaacetate and benzaldehyde-based linkers in four linear steps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Computed Properties of C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of chiral β-amino acid derivatives by asymmetric hydrosilylation with an imidazole derived organocatalyst was written by Jones, Simon;Li, Xianfu. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2012.Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The organocatalyzed-asym. hydrosilylation of a number of N-aryl and -alkyl β-substituted enamino esters proceeds in generally good yield and enantioselectivity. Crucial to obtaining high yield and selectivity was the addition of benzoic acid as an additive and under these conditions, both N-aryl and -alkyl substituents were well tolerated. β-Aryl and -alkyl substituents were evaluated and a model proposed to account for the exptl. observations based upon enamine tautomerization and conformational preferences of the reactive ketimine intermediate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Glutamate as an efficient amine donor for the synthesis of chiral β- and γ-amino acids using transaminase was written by Kim, Geon-Hee;Jeon, Hyunwoo;Khobragade, Taresh P.;Patil, Mahesh D.;Sung, Sihyong;Yoon, Sanghan;Won, Yumi;Sarak, Sharad;Yun, Hyungdon. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2019.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A recyclable glutamate amine donor system employing transaminase (TA), glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH) and mutant formate dehydrogenase (FDHm) was developed, wherein amine donor Glu was regenerated using GluDH and thereby circumvented the inhibition of TA by α-ketoglutarate. Various enantiopure β-, γ-amino acids, and amines were successfully synthesized with high conversions and excellent enantiomeric excess using this system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Novel Minor Groove Binding Reagent Designed to Serve as a “Truck” To Carry DNA Modifying Moieties into the Major Groove was written by Xue, Tianhan;Browne, Kenneth A.;Bruice, Thomas C.. And the article was included in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 1995.Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A site-selective DNA minor groove binding tripyrrole peptide has been synthesized as a “truck” to place chem. functionalities into the major groove which are capable of phys. modifying DNA, acting as catalysts to hydrolyze DNA, or effectively protecting DNA from various DNA modifying enzymes. The equilibrium dissociation constants for the binding of this peptide to an A₃T₃ dsDNA binding site have been determined to be nanomolar, and they are compared to the constants for other minor groove binding agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure-activity Relationship Studies of Microbiologically Active Thiosemicarbazides Derived from Hydroxybenzoic Acid Hydrazides was written by Plech, Tomasz;Paneth, Agata;Kapron, Barbara;Kosikowska, Urszula;Malm, Anna;Strzelczyk, Aleksandra;Staczek, Pawel. And the article was included in Chemical Biology & Drug Design in 2015.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Forty-five derivatives of thiosemicarbazide were synthesized, and their antibacterial activity against Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria was evaluated. Some of the described compounds exhibited interesting activity against reference strains of Gram-pos. bacteria, whereas only two derivatives had the ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-neg. species (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453). The most potent antimicrobial activity was observed in the cases of salicylic acid hydrazide derivatives The differences in activity inspired us to conduct conformational anal. using mol. mechanics level. The obtained results suggest that the mol. geometry, especially at the N4-terminus of thiosemicarbazide skeleton, determines the antibacterial activity. Unfortunately, in opposition to what we expected, only one of the tested compounds inhibited the activity of the topoIV enzyme, and none of them was active against DNA gyrase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Green and Efficient Esterification Method Using Dried Dowex H⁺/NaI Approach was written by Turhanen, Petri A.;Leppanen, Jukka;Vepsalainen, Jouko J.. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2019.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

The usefulness of dried Dowex H⁺ cation-exchange resin with or without sodium iodide (NaI) as a catalyst system for different kinds of esterifications using carboxylic acids and alcs. as starting materials has been systematically investigated. The Dowex H⁺/NaI approach is very effective, generally high yielding, energy-efficient, and nontoxic, and the Dowex H⁺ resin is reusable. Since the whole procedure from start to product isolation is also very simple, these features make the method environmentally friendly. The method is regioselective, and its potential for separation of valuable carboxylic acids like resin acids from mixtures containing other kinds of carboxylic acids has been demonstrated. Examples for green and straightforward esterification of highly important natural amino acids are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics