Month: January 2023

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis reveals the effect of melatonin on delaying anthracnose incidence upon postharvest banana fruit peel was written by Li, Taotao;Wu, Qixian;Zhu, Hong;Zhou, Yijie;Jiang, Yueming;Gao, Huijun;Yun, Ze. And the article was included in BMC Plant Biology in 2019.Synthetic Route of C10H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Banana anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae, is one of the most severe postharvest diseases in banana. Melatonin is widely known for its role in enhancing plant stress tolerance. However, little is known about the control of melatonin on anthracnose in postharvest banana fruit. In this study, exogenous melatonin treatment could significantly reduce the incidence of anthracnose in ripe yellow banana fruit and delay fruit senescence. However, melatonin treatment did not affect the growth of Colletotrichum musae in vitro. Transcriptomic anal. of banana peel showed that 339 genes were up-regulated and 241 were down-regulated in the peel after melatonin treatment, compared with the control. Based on GO terms and KEGG pathway, these up-regulated genes were mainly categorized into signal transduction, cell wall formation, secondary metabolism, volatile compounds synthesis and response to stress, which might be related to the anti-anthracnose of banana fruit induced by melatonin treatment. This view was also supported by the increase of volatile compounds, cell wall components and IAA content in the melatonin-treated fruit peel via the metabolomic anal. After melatonin treatment, auxin, ethylene and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were enhanced, which might be involved in the enhanced fruit resistance by regulating physiol. characteristics, disease-resistant proteins and metabolites. Our results provide a better understanding of the mol.processes in melatonin treatment delaying banana fruit senescence and anthracnose incidence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Synthetic Route of C10H20O2).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Synthetic Route of C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of lactic acid fermentation-based biotransformation on phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacity and flavor volatiles of apple juice was written by Wu, Caiyun;Li, Tianlin;Qi, Jing;Jiang, Tian;Xu, Huaide;Lei, Hongjie. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Apple juice (AJ) was fermented by six select lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely Lactobacillus plantarum 90 (Lp90), Lactobacillus helveticus 76 (Lh76), Lactobacillus casei 37 (Lc37), Lactobacillus paracasei 01 (Lpc01), Lactobacillus acidophilus 85 (La85) and Bifidobacterium lactis 80 (Bla80). The effects of LAB fermentation on sugars and organic acids contents, phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacity and flavor volatiles of fermented AJ (FAJ) were investigated. Results showed that AJ was an excellent food matrix for LAB strains. Lh76 and Lp90 showed the highest viable counts of 12.7 log CFU/mL at the end of fermentation Lp90, La85 and Bla80 exhibited strong malolactic conversion capacity and finally produced lactic acid more than 6.5 mg/mL. In addtion, LAB fermentation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the total phenols and flavonoids levels. However, antioxidant activities based on DPPH and FRAP methods were enhanced during fermentation, especially for La85 which exhibited dramatical DPPH radical scavenging activity (90.05%) and FRAP (0.96 mmol Trolox/L). The improvement of antioxidant activities was suggested to be related to the increase in caffeic acid and phlorizin contents. The anal. of flavor volatiles showed that LAB fermentation resulted in formation of seven new alcs. and six new esters, and improvement of ketones and aldehydes production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of Kaolin/Defoliation combined with dry ice on Lambrusco red wine production to constrain the effects of climate change was written by Montevecchi, G.;Masino, F.;Versari, A.;Ricci, A.;Nigro, G.;Antonelli, A.. And the article was included in South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture in 2021.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate This article mentions the following:

Since viticulture is affected considerably by climate change, it is imperative to encourage research on new strategies in order to constrain these critical effects on the composition of berries and the quality of wines. A multi-strategy approach composed of (i) kaolin application on foliage, (ii) late tree defoliation and (iii) cryomaceration of grapes with dry ice was evaluated in the production of Lambrusco Salamino wines. Phys., chem. and sensory analyses were carried out on the sample set, including the control wines. In general, cryomaceration with dry ice proved to be a winning choice to lower alc. strength (roughly 5%). In addition, the wines showed an increase in anthocyanin content by approx. 17%, while the content of catechins, flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids decreased. Consistent with the increase in the anthocyanin content, an increase in color indexes and sensory color intensity scores was observed As for the aromatic profile, 2-phenylethanol showed an increase of approx. 18% in the treated wines while, in parallel, a lower content of C₆ alcs. and volatile fatty acids was observed The multiple adaptation strategies put in place in the present study show an alternative way to mitigate the severe effects of climate change on wine production, and to face changing consumer demands. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Regioselective Synthesis of N²-Aryl 1,2,3-Triazoles via Electro-oxidative Coupling of Enamines and Aryldiazonium Salts was written by Baidya, Mrinmay;Mallick, Samrat;De Sarkar, Suman. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Quality Control of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

An efficient synthetic route for the construction of N²-aryl 1,2,3-triazoles I (R = Me, cyclopropyl, 4-chlorophenyl, thiophen-2-yl, etc.; R¹ = COOMe, COOEt, C(O)Me; Ar = Ph, 3-chlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, etc.) is reported via sequential C-N bond formation and electro-oxidative N-N coupling under metal-free conditions. Readily accessible 2-aminoacrylates NH₂RC=CHCOOR¹ and aryldiazonium salts ArN₂⁺BF₄^– were used as starting materials, and the developed protocol displays excellent functional group tolerance, allowing an extensive range of substrate scope up to 91% isolated yield. Various mechanistic studies, along with the isolation of an intermediate adduct, refer to successive ionic and radical reaction sequences. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Quality Control of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of volatile compounds during deterioration of African opaque beer using a stir bar sorptive extraction technique and gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was written by Ncube, Somandla;Dube, Simiso;Nindi, Mathew Muzi. And the article was included in Current Research in Food Science in 2020.Recommanded Product: 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Opaque beer traditional to African communities undergoes quick deterioration and is consumed within 7 days of its production The current study has utilized a stir bar sorptive extraction technique followed by GC-HRT determination to trace variations of 84 volatile compounds in four opaque beers commonly brewed in South Africa over the 7-day shelf life period. The major fruity esters were observed to increase up to Day 4 and eventually decreasing until Day 7 where their levels were finally lower than Day 1. Aldehydes reduced drastically and were less than 50% on Day 2 and becoming almost undetectable at Day 7. The common beer alcs. (phenylethyl alc. and 3-methyl-1-butanol) decreased during beer shelf life while phenolics with undesirable medicinal tastes (creosol and p-cresol) increased up to 24-fold by Day 7. This study might open future research perspectives around opaque beer traditional to African rural communities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Recommanded Product: 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

GC-MS and HPLC profiles of phenolic fractions of the leaf of Telfairia occidentalis was written by Eseyin, Olorunfemi A.;Sattar, Munavvar A.;Rathore, Hassaan A.;Aigbe, Flora;Afzae, Sheryar;Ahmad, Ashfaq;Lazhari, Mohammed;Akthar, Safia. And the article was included in Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2018.Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

Telfairia occidenlalis possesses high antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant components of the plant have not yet been identified. This study was undertaken to identify the phenolies in the leaf of the plant. Extract and fractions of the leaf of the plant were analyzed using the HPLC and GCMS. HPLC anal. revealed the presence of gallic acid (22.19μg/mg), catechin (29.17μ/mg), caffeic acid (9.17μg/mg), ferulic acid (0.94μg/mg), sinapic acid (1.91μg/mg) and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (43.86μg/mg) in the aqueous extract Phenolics fraction contained gallic acid (0.88μ/mg), catechin (2.70μ/mg), caffeic acid (7.92μg/mg), ferulic acid (2.72μg/mg), benzoic acid (6.36μg/mg), p-coumaric acid (1.48μg/mg), quercetin (12.00μg/mg). Only caffeic acid (2.50μg/mg), ferulic acid (0.44μg/mg) and quercetin (8.50μg/mg) were detected in the flavonoid fraction. While GCMS anal. showed the presence of methylparaben; ethylparaben; benzoic acid; 4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-, Me ester; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy; phenol, 5-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-; phenol, 5-methoxy-2, 3-dimethyl; and phenol, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-. This study is the first to reveal the identity of some phenolics components of the leaf of Telfairia occidentalis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Small Molecule Microarray Based Discovery of PARP14 Inhibitors was written by Peng, Bo;Thorsell, Ann-Gerd;Karlberg, Tobias;Schueler, Herwig;Yao, Shao Q.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2017.Related Products of 14667-47-1 This article mentions the following:

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are key enzymes in a variety of cellular processes. Most small-mol. PARP inhibitors developed to date have been against PARP1, and suffer from poor selectivity. PARP14 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target, but its inhibitor development has trailed behind. Herein, the authors describe a small mol. microarray-based strategy for high-throughput synthesis, screening of >1000 potential bidentate inhibitors of PARPs, and the successful discovery of a potent PARP14 inhibitor H10, I, with >20-fold selectivity over PARP1. Co-crystallization of the PARP14/H10 complex indicated H10 bound to both the nicotinamide and the adenine subsites. Further structure-activity relationship studies identified important binding elements in the adenine subsite. In tumor cells, H10 was able to chem. knockdown endogenous PARP14 activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Related Products of 14667-47-1).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Related Products of 14667-47-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparative synthesis of 1,2-propylene glycol acetals of 3-alkoxy-4-acyloxybenzaldehydes was written by Beresnevich, L. B.;Moiseichuk, K. L.;Zhukovskaya, N. A.;Dikusar, E. A.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry in 2010.Application of 20665-85-4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of 1,2-propylene glycol acetals of 3-alkoxy-4-acyloxybenzaldehydes by condensation of 3-alkoxy-4-acyloxybenzaldehydes with 1,2-propylene glycol in boiling benzene in the presence of the FIBAN K-1 sulfonic cation-exchange resin is reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4Application of 20665-85-4).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application of 20665-85-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dithioesters and trithiocarbonates monolayers on gold was written by Fustin, Charles-Andre;Duwez, Anne-Sophie. And the article was included in Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena in 2009.Computed Properties of C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

Dithioester and trithiocarbonate compounds, used as chain transfer agents in reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, form monolayers on gold. It is evidenced that the monolayers are slightly less dense than those formed by long alkanethiols on gold, but show a surface coverage that is close to the one obtained for short alkanethiols. Since the grafting d. of polymer brushes is limited by the steric hindrance which inhibits the diffusion of large free polymer chains to open-surface reactive sites, the relatively high grafting d. of dithioesters and trithiocarbonates anchoring groups is not expected to limit the d. of the brushes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Computed Properties of C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formylation of alcohols, using catalysts based on epoxides was written by Brewis, S.;Dent, W. T.;Smith, R. D.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1965.SDS of cas: 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

The reaction ROH + CO â†?HCO₂R was found to be catalyzed by a mixture of an epoxide with a salt or with a Group V tertiary alkyl or aryl. Thus, MeOH containing NaOAc and ethylene oxide reacted with CO at 200 atm. and 130° to give MeO₂CH. Na salts of weak acids gave nearly the maximum possible reaction in 2.5 hrs., salts of divalent metals or strong acids were less effective. The salts in the catalyst mixture could be replaced by tertiary alkyl or aryl amines, phosphines, or arsines. The catalysts varied in activity with different alcs. but tert-BuOH did not react. In the Na-catalyzed reaction tert-BuOH reacted more readily than BuOH. Alkoxide ions were formed during the reaction. From a study of the reaction at room temperature between Ph₃P, ethylene oxide, and MeOH, it is suggested that the catalysts for the formylation reaction are bases of the type Ph₃P⁺CH₂CH₂OMe + MeO^–, formed by reaction between the alc., epoxide, and the tertiary base. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2SDS of cas: 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics