Month: January 2023

Assessment of the in vitro effect of antibodies induced by peptido-mimetics derived from the Plasmodium merozoite surface protein-2 in malaria caused by P. berghei and P. yoelii in BALB/c mice was written by Lesmes, Liliana Patricia;Gallego, Gina Marcela;Carreno, Luisa Fernanda;Hoebeke, Johan;Lozano, Jose Manuel. And the article was included in Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Quimico-Farmaceuticas in 2010.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Based on previous studies in which those residues being critical for Plasmodium falciparum binding to red blood cells (RBCs) through the antigenic sequence (²¹KNESKYSNTFINNAYNMSIR⁴⁰) from the merozoite surface antigen-2 (MSP-2) were identified, the authors have designed and synthesized two reduced amide pseudopeptide sequences based on the ³¹IN³² binding motif. Synthesized peptidomimetics, possess each one a modified peptide bond that presented as a ψ[CH₂-NH] reduced amide isostere bond, allowing the Phe-Ile modified amino acid pair allowing pseudopeptides coded ψ-128 (monomer form) and ψ-129 (polymer form) and the Ile-Asn modified amino acid pair for pseudopeptides coded ψ-130 (monomer form) and ψ-131 (polymer form). By using the polymer forms of both peptidomimetics as immunogens, monoclonal antibodies were produced in BALB/c mice. These Ig showed an IgM isotype. The isotype antibody switching was lead by in vitro immunization of the original hybridomas. Isolated Igs were tested for their functional in vitro activity, on a infection controlled experiment of rodent Plasmodium strains infecting red blood cells. Obtained results reveal the role played by antibodies to peptidomimetic in infection assays performed further on animal exptl. models. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

γ-Acetylenic ketones was written by Colonge, Jean;Gelin, Rene;Gelin, Mme. Rene. And the article was included in Compt. rend. in 1952.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate This article mentions the following:

Condensations of HCCCH₂OH (I) with the Na derivatives of AcCH₂CO₂Et (II) and CH₂(CO₂Et)₂ (III) give mono- and dipropargylated derivatives which can be characterized by Cu, Ag, or Hg derivatives I with II gives 52.7% Et α-propargylacetoacetate (IV), b₂₀ 115-120°, d₄²⁰ 1.0325, n_D²⁰ 1.4515, and 6% Et α,α-dipropargylacetoacetate (V), b₂₀ 135°, d₄²⁰ 1.031, n_D²⁰ 1.4625. Hydrolysis of IV with Na₈CO₈ solution gave 80% 5-hexyn-2-one (VI), b. 149°, d₄²⁰ 0.9065, n_D²⁰ 1.4366. Similar hydrolysis of V gave 45% 3-propargyl-5-hexyne-2-one, b. 185°, d₄²⁰ 0.932, n_D²⁰ 1.4549 (semicarbazone, m. 151°). Ethylation of IV or propargylation of AcCHEt-CO₂Et gave similar mixtures: 36% Et α-ethyl-α-propargylacetoacetate (VII), b₂₂ 112°, d₄²⁰ 0.9934, n_D²⁰ 1.4445, and 28% Et 2-ethyl-4-pentynoate. Hydrolysis of VII gave 81% 3-ethyl-5-hexyn-2-one, b. 172-5°, d₄²⁰ 0.897, n_D²⁰ 1.4372 (semicarbazone, m. 124°). I with III gave 50% Et propargylmalonate, b₂₂ 129°, d₄²⁰ 1.0466, n_D²⁰ 1.4395. VI with NaNH₂ in Et₂O gave a viscous nondistillable polymer, but no cyclization to HOCMe.CC.CH₂.CH₂ was noted. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fertilizer type and humic acid improve the growth responses, nutrient uptake, and essential oil content on Coriandrum sativum L. was written by Rasouli, Farzad;Nasiri, Yousef;Asadi, Mohammad;Hassanpouraghdam, Mohammad Bagher;Golestaneh, Sina;Pirsarandib, Yaghoub. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Name: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

In recent decades, the over-use of chem. fertilizers has imposed many environmental challenges worldwide. Nowadays, organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and livestock manure have gained a huge interest in sustainable agricultural systems. A 2-yr field research was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design to assay the fertilizer and humic acid (HA) efficiency on the growth responses and essential oil composition of Coriandrum sativum. The treatments were different fertilizer sources (livestock manure, vermicompost, and chem. fertilizers) and humic acid fertigation before and at the beginning of the flowering stage. The highest protein content was observed under vermicompost x HA application before flowering (0.118μmol L-1 and 0.128μmol L-1, resp.). Moreover, the co-application of organic fertilizers x HA at the beginning of flowering resulted in a significant increase in the photosynthetic pigments and N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mn content. According to the GC-FID and GC-MS anal., linalool (55.91-63.19%),γ-terpinene (4.65-6.13%), α-pinene (2.64-5.74%), geranyl acetate (3.49-5.51%), 2-dodecanal (2.92-4.46%), menthol (1.33-3.90%), p-cymene (1.73-2.24%), and geraniol (1.25-2.15%) were the main essential oil constituents. The top linalool content was obtained by using chem. fertilizers and vermicompost x HA at the flowering onset stage. In general, the results revealed that chem. fertilizers could be replaced with vermicompost x HA and their co-application pos. influenced the growth responses and the essential oil composition of coriander. Furthermore, the results obtained would be advisable to the extension section and the pioneer farmers to amend the large-scale production systems in favor of environmental health. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Name: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Epoxidation of olefinic compounds with combined use of molecular oxygen and propionaldehyde diethyl acetal catalyzed by cobalt(II) complex. Efficient method for the preparation of acid-sensitive epoxides was written by Yorozu, Kiyotaka;Takai, Toshihiro;Yamada, Tohru;Mukaiyama, Teruaki. And the article was included in Chemistry Letters in 1993.SDS of cas: 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

Acid-sensitive epoxides such as epoxide of bishomoallyl alc. or chromene oxide were prepared by epoxidation of corresponding olefins with mol. oxygen and EtCH(OEt)₂ catalyzed by cobalt(II) complex. Acid-sensitive silyl enol ethers and silyl ketene acetals were also smoothly monooxygenated to give the corresponding α-hydroxy carbonyl compounds Thus, treating PhC(:CH₂)OSiMe₃ with O₂, EtCH(OEt)₂ and Co(mac)₂ (Hmac = MeCOCHMeCOMe) gave 83% PhCOCH₂OH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0SDS of cas: 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.SDS of cas: 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and crystallization of poly(butylenes succinate-block-butylene sebacate) was written by Kang, Zonghua;Wang, Changlu. And the article was included in Advanced Materials Research (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) in 2013.Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

A series of aliphatic biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-block-butylene sebacate) (PBSuBSe) copolyesters were synthesized by incorporation of PBS_e into the PBS_u mol. chains. The mol. weight, crystallization behaviors and the crystal structure of the copolyesters were investigated by using gel permeation chromatog. (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), resp. The copolyesters might be potentially useful as the biodegradable materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improved Photovoltaic Performance of Polymer Solar Cells via a Volatile and Nonhalogen Additive to Optimize Crystallinity was written by Liu, Xingpeng;Ren, Meiling;Niu, Xixi;Chen, Can;Du, Sanshan;Tong, Junfeng;Li, Jianfeng;Zhang, Rongling;Xia, Yangjun. And the article was included in ACS Applied Energy Materials in 2021.Related Products of 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

Optimizing the photoactive layer morphol. in polymer solar cells (PSCs) using solvent additives is an effective and influential approach to improve photovoltaic performance. Traditional halogen-containing additives, such as 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), 1-chloronaphthalene (CN), etc., limited further development due to toxicity, thereby the demand of volatile and halogen-free additives without sacrificing the device performance increases continuously. In this study, a nontoxic halogen-free additive, Et 2-hydroxybenzoate (EHB), was introduced and added to chlorobenzene (CB) solution to fabricate efficient PSCs. The device studies indicated that the additive incorporation could increase the efficiency of PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM devices from 5.27 to 9.64%. Photophys. studies showed that additives could promote charge extraction and inhibit charge recombination, which in turn improves power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, morphol. studies demonstrated better mol. ordering in active layers, which typically resulted in stronger crystallinity but reduced fullerene aggregation, thus pos. affecting layer deposition and improving carrier transport and donor-acceptor surface contact in the photoactive layer. This work proposes a strategy to design halogen-free additives to replace conventional additives in favor of PSC’s scalability in future. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Related Products of 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Related Products of 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oxidative stabilities of grass carp oil: possible mechanisms of volatile species formation in hydroperoxylated metabolites at high temperature was written by Hu, Xiangfei;Peng, Bin;Wang, Shuanglong;Tu, Zongcai;Li, Jinlin;Wang, Hui;Hu, Yueming;Zhong, Bizhen. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

The mechanisms of volatile species formation for hydroperoxylated metabolites of unsaturated fatty acids in grass carp oil were investigated. All oil samples were heated at 110 °C for 8 various durations. The hydroperoxylated metabolites were evaluated by ultra-performance liquid chromatog. coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, solid-phase microextraction gas chromatog. mass spectrometry and conventional chem. indicators. Compared to fresh fish oil, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids with higher oxidation stability in the heating samples was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). A total of 35 triglycerides were determined, of these, the relative content of carbon numbers (CNs) 54, 56 and 58 was dramatically decreased, while CN50 and CN52 were gradually increased. Partial least-squares discriminant anal. indicated that continuous heating had different effects on volatile substances and twelve volatile species variables associated with lipid oxidation from the eight various heating periods were identified. In addition, sixteen oxidized metabolites were identified and their content was significantly increased (P < 0.05), except the 13-HODE, 9-HOTrE, 5-HETE and 12-HETE. The metabolic pathways of grass carp oil under continuous heating were clarified based on critical volatile components and oxidized metabolites, intending to reveal the oxidation paradigm of oil exposed to high temperatures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Synthetic Route of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quinazoline antifolates inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Variation of the amino acid was written by Jones, Terence R.;Smithers, Michael J.;Betteridge, Richard F.;Taylor, Michael A.;Jackman, Ann L.;Calvert, A. Hilary;Davies, Lawrence C.;Harrap, Kenneth R.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1986.Recommanded Product: Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate This article mentions the following:

Amino acid analogs I (X = Asp, Ala, Gly; R = H) (II) of N¹⁰-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (I; X = Glu, R = H) (III) were prepared by treating p-H₂NC₆H₄CO-X-OR [X = Asp(OEt), Ala, R = Et; X = Gly, R = Me] with HCCCH₂Br, treating the resulting benzoyl amino acid esters IV (X, R = same) with quinazoline V, and saponifying the resulting I [X = Asp(OEt), Ala, R = Et; X = Gly, R = Me]. Analogs VI (n = 0, 3) were also prepared II and VI inhibited thymidine synthase with less potency than III, and none of the above analogs improved upon III in inhibiting the growth of 4210 cells in culture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6Recommanded Product: Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate).

Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of water-soluble azomethines based on the substituted benzaldehydes of vanillin series and D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride was written by Dikusar, E. A.;Potkin, V. I.;Kozlov, N. G.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of General Chemistry in 2009.Computed Properties of C12H14O4 This article mentions the following:

A preparative method for the synthesis of water-soluble azomethines by the reaction of substituted benzaldehydes of vanillin series with D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride in the presence of potassium hydrogen carbonate in methanol was developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4Computed Properties of C12H14O4).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C12H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The hydrolysis of carboxylic anhydrides. IV. Succinic and tetramethylsuccinic anhydrides was written by Bunton, C. A.;Fendler, J. H.;Fuller, N. A.;Perry, S.;Rocek, J.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1963.Electric Literature of C10H11FO2 This article mentions the following:

Hydrolysis of succinic and tetramethylsuccinic anhydride is retarded by aqueous mineral acids (except for dilute H₂SO₄ and HCl). It is acid-catalyzed in aqueous dioxane. Hydrolysis of succinic anhydride in water is accelerated by bivalent electrolytes, but retarded by univalent electrolytes (except for NaHSO₄). In water the feeble catalysis by protons is opposed by a sp. neg. salt effect, but the rate in aqueous acid is always greater than that in solutions of the alkali-metal salts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Electric Literature of C10H11FO2).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Electric Literature of C10H11FO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics