Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-duloxetine using carbonyl reductase from Rhodosporidium toruloides was written by Chen, Xiang;Liu, Zhi-Qiang;Lin, Chao-Ping;Zheng, Yu-Guo. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2016.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate This article mentions the following:
A chemoenzymic strategy was developed for (S)-duloxetine production employing carbonyl reductases from newly isolated Rhodosporidium toruloides into the enantio-determining step. Amongst the ten most permissive enzymes identified, cloned, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, RtSCR9 exhibited excellent activity and enantioselectivity. Using co-expressed E. coli harboring both RtSCR9 and glucose dehydrogenase, (S)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanol 3a was fabricated with so far the highest substrate loading (1000 mM) in a space-time yield per g of biomass (DCW) of 22.9 mmol L-1 h-1 g DCW-1 at a 200-g scale. The subsequent synthetic steps from RtSCR9-catalyzed (S)-3a were further performed, affording (S)-duloxetine with 60.2% overall yield from 2-acethylthiophene in >98.5% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate).
Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics