Month: December 2022

Gimeno, Isabel published the artcileNon-Invasive Identification of Sex in Cultured Bovine Embryos by UHPLC-MS/MS Metabolomics, HPLC of Formula: 627-93-0, the publication is Metabolomics (2022), 18(8), 53, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Different gene expression between male and female bovine embryos leads to metabolic differences. We used UHPLC-MS/MS to identify sex metabolite biomarkers in embryo culture medium (CM). Embryos were produced in vitro under highly variable conditions, i.e., fertilized with 7 bulls, two breeds, and cultured with BSA or BSA + serum until Day-6. On Day-6, embryos were cultured individually for 24 h. CM of Day-7 embryos (86 female and 81 male) was collected, and Day-6 and Day-7 embryonic stages recorded. A study by sample subsets with fixed factors (culture, bull breed, and Day-6 and Day-7 stages) tentatively identified 31 differentially accumulated metabolites through 182 subsets. Day-6 and Day-7 stage together affected 13 and 11 metabolites resp., while 19 metabolites were affected by one or another stage and/or day. Culture supplements and individual bull changed 19 and 15 metabolites, resp. Single bull exerted the highest influence (20 metabolites with the significantly highest p values). Lipid (93 subsets; 11 metabolites) and amino acid (55 subsets; 13 metabolites) were the most relevant classes for sex identification. Single biomarker led to inefficient sex diagnosis, while metabolite combinations accurately identified sex. Our study is a first in non-invasive sex identification in cattle by overcoming factors that induce metabolic variation.

Metabolomics published new progress about 627-93-0. 627-93-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Ploymers, name is Dimethyl adipate, and the molecular formula is C8H14O4, HPLC of Formula: 627-93-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gimeno, Isabel published the artcileThe Metabolic Signature of In Vitro Produced Bovine Embryos Helps Predict Pregnancy and Birth after Embryo Transfer, Formula: C8H14O4, the publication is Metabolites (2021), 11(8), 484, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In vitro produced (IVP) embryos show large metabolic variability induced by breed, culture conditions, embryonic stage and sex and gamete donors. We hypothesized that the birth potential could be accurately predicted by UHPLC-MS/MS in culture medium (CM) with the discrimination of factors inducing metabolic variation. Day-6 embryos were developed in single CM (modified synthetic oviduct fluid) for 24 h and transferred to recipients as fresh (28 ETs) or frozen/thawed (58 ETs) Day-7 blastocysts. Variability was induced with seven bulls, slaughterhouse oocyte donors, culture conditions (serum + Bovine Serum Albumin [BSA] or BSA alone) prior to single culture embryonic stage records (Day-6: morula, early blastocyst, blastocyst; Day-7: expanding blastocyst; fully expanded blastocysts) and cryopreservation. Retained metabolite signals (6111) were analyzed as a function of pregnancy at Day-40, Day-62 and birth in a combinatorial block study with all fixed factors. We identified 34 accumulated metabolites through 511 blocks, 198 for birth, 166 for Day-62 and 147 for Day-40. The relative abundance of metabolites was higher within blocks from non-pregnant (460) than from pregnant (51) embryos. Taxonomy classified lipids (12 fatty acids and derivatives; 224 blocks), amino acids (12) and derivatives (3) (186 blocks), benzenoids (4; 58 blocks), tri-carboxylic acids (2; 41 blocks) and 5-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan (2 blocks). Some metabolites were effective as single biomarkers in 95 blocks (Receiver Operating Characteristic – Area Under the Curve [ROC-AUC]: 0.700-1.000). In contrast, more accurate predictions within the largest data sets were obtained with combinations of 2, 3 and 4 single metabolites in 206 blocks (ROC-AUC = 0.800-1.000). Pregnancy-prone embryos consumed more amino acids and citric acid, and depleted less lipids and cis-aconitic acid. Big metabolic differences between embryos support efficient pregnancy and birth prediction when analyzed in discriminant conditions.

Metabolites published new progress about 627-93-0. 627-93-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Ploymers, name is Dimethyl adipate, and the molecular formula is C8H14O4, Formula: C8H14O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fraile, Jose M. published the artcileThe basicity of mixed oxides and the influence of alkaline metals: The case of transesterification reactions, HPLC of Formula: 110-34-9, the publication is Applied Catalysis, A: General (2010), 387(1-2), 67-74, database is CAplus.

Several M(II)/M(III) mixed oxides were prepared and tested in two different transesterification reactions, biodiesel production from sunflower oil and methanol, and the more demanding transesterification of Me palmitate with isobutanol. The presence of residual alk. ions after crystallization is the main source for the strong basicity in this kind of solids, as it happened with Mg/Al mixed oxides. The effect of these alk. traces is more evident with the most demanding reaction, in which the alk.-free solids did not show any catalytic activity. These results seem to indicate that the strong basicity in mixed oxides is always connected to the presence of alk. metals, irresp. from the nature of M(II) and M(III).

Applied Catalysis, A: General published new progress about 110-34-9. 110-34-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Isobutyl palmitate, and the molecular formula is C20H40O2, HPLC of Formula: 110-34-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fraile, Jose M. published the artcileThe influence of alkaline metals on the strong basicity of Mg-Al mixed oxides: The case of transesterification reactions, Quality Control of 110-34-9, the publication is Applied Catalysis, A: General (2009), 364(1-2), 87-94, database is CAplus.

Several Mg/Al mixed oxides, prepared by three different co-precipitation procedures, have been tested in different transesterification reactions. The catalytic activity for sunflower oil transesterification correlates with the leachable basicity, and not with the total basicity, measured by titration methods. The presence of residual alk. ions after crystallization is the main source for the strong basicity in this kind of solids, and the difficulty in the complete elimination of the alk. traces are probably the origin of the strong discrepancies in basicity detected along the literature data. The effect of these alk. traces is more evident with a more demanding reaction, such as that of Me palmitate with isobutanol. In such case the alk.-free solids did not show any catalytic activity. The nature of these strong basic sites makes the recovery problematic, given that part of the alk. cation is lost to the reaction medium, a process favored by an increase in the polarity of the medium. This fact is also a general limitation for the application of this kind of solids to liquid phase reactions requiring high basicity.

Applied Catalysis, A: General published new progress about 110-34-9. 110-34-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Isobutyl palmitate, and the molecular formula is C20H40O2, Quality Control of 110-34-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Guo, Yongbiao published the artcileChiral Spirocyclic Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 4-Alkyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one Derivatives by Asymmetric Biginelli Reactions, Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-oxovalerate, the publication is Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry (2020), 9(4), 626-630, database is CAplus.

A chiral spirocyclic phosphoric acid-catalyzed asym. Biginelli reaction based on aliphatic aldehydes was realized for the synthesis of biol. important and synthetically useful 4-alkyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one (4-alkyl-DHPM) skeletons I [R = Et, n-Bu, n-heptyl, etc.; R¹ = Me, Et, t-Bu, etc.; R² = Me, Et] in good yield and with high levels of enantioinduction. The utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by direct thionation and C-C/C-N bond construction to provide a series of 4-alkyl-DHPMs derivatives I without any loss of optical activity, providing streamlined access to the formal synthesis of Batzelladine A.

Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 30414-53-0. 30414-53-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ketone,Ester, name is Methyl 3-oxovalerate, and the molecular formula is C6H10O3, Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-oxovalerate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tao, Xiangdong published the artcileSynthesis and characterization of well-defined thermo- and light-responsive diblock copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization and click chemistry, Quality Control of 135529-02-1, the publication is Polymer Chemistry (2011), 2(9), 2068-2073, database is CAplus.

We synthesized a series of well-defined, stimuli-responsive diblock copolymers composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization and click chem. The diblock copolymers were then characterized by NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatog. When the azobenzene content reached 4.5 mol%, the diblock copolymer became insoluble in water. The aqueous solutions of the polymers exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that depended on the amount of incorporated azobenzene. Higher LCSTs were observed after UV irradiation, with a maximum difference of 4.1 °C for the copolymer containing 1.4 mol% azobenzene groups. The photochem. properties of the polymer were also studied by UV-vis spectroscopy.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about 135529-02-1. 135529-02-1 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class azo,Alkenyl,Benzene,Ester,Ether, name is 6-(4-((4-Methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)hexyl methacrylate, and the molecular formula is C7H12ClNO, Quality Control of 135529-02-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Xiuyun published the artcileHigh-quality evergreen azalea genome reveals tandem duplication-facilitated low-altitude adaptability and floral scent evolution, HPLC of Formula: 103-26-4, the publication is Plant Biotechnology Journal (2021), 19(12), 2544-2560, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Azalea belongs to Rhododendron, which is one of the largest genera of flowering plants and is well known for the diversity and beauty in its more than 1000 woody species. Rhododendron contains two distinct groups: the most high-altitude and a few low-altitude species; however, the former group is difficult to be domesticated for urban landscaping, and their evolution and adaptation are little known. Rhododendron ovatum has broad adaptation in low-altitude regions but possesses evergreen characteristics like high-altitude species, and it has floral fragrance that is deficient in most cultivars. Here we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of R. ovatum, which has a total length of 549 Mb with scaffold N50 of 41 Mb and contains 41 264 predicted genes. Genomic micro-evolutionary anal. of R. ovatum in comparison with two high-altitude Rhododendron species indicated that the expansion genes in R. ovatum were significantly enriched in defense responses, which may account for its adaptability in low altitudes. The R. ovatum genome contains much more terpene synthase genes (TPSs) compared with the species that lost floral fragrance. The subfamily b members of TPS are involved in the synthesis of sesquiterpenes as well as monoterpenes and play a major role in flora scent biosynthesis and defense responses. Tandem duplication is the primary force driving expansion of defense-responsive genes for extensive adaptability to the low-altitude environments. The R. ovatum genome provides insights into low-altitude adaptation and gain or loss of floral fragrance for Rhododendron species, which are valuable for alpine plant domestication and floral scent breeding.

Plant Biotechnology Journal published new progress about 103-26-4. 103-26-4 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Benzene,Ester,Protease,Tyrosinase,Natural product, name is Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, and the molecular formula is C38H24F4O4P2, HPLC of Formula: 103-26-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tang, Zhaoxian published the artcileCinnamoylformate derivatives photoinitiators with excellent photobleaching ability and cytocompatibility for visible LED photopolymerization, Formula: C15H20O6, the publication is Progress in Organic Coatings (2022), 106969, database is CAplus.

In this work, four Et cinnamoylformate derivatives photoinitiators (ECFs), which have good photobleaching ability and excellent cytocompatibility in LED-triggered photopolymerization, were designed and synthesized by a simple two-step reaction. The potential initiating and photobleaching mechanisms of ECFs under visible LED were researched by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy and ESR. The as-prepared photoinitiators Et p-methoxycinnamoyl formate (O-ECF) and Et p-methylmercaptocinnamoyl formate (S-ECF) exhibited much higher initiating rate under 405 nm and 455 nm LED compared to the com. photoinitiator 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX). More significantly, carbon-carbon double bonds of ECFs can polymerize in the presence of tertiary amine under the irradiation of 455 nm or 405 nm LED, which endows ECFs with good photobleaching performance and excellent migration stability and cytocompatibility. Furthermore, ECFs are able to greatly initiate deep-layer photopolymerization under 455 nm LED and the photopolymerization depth reached 7.0 cm after the irradiation for 20 min. This work also affords a new perspective for designing photoinitiators with good photobleaching performance.

Progress in Organic Coatings published new progress about 15625-89-5. 15625-89-5 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Polymerization Reagents,Crosslinkers, name is Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O2S, Formula: C15H20O6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tang, Zhaoxian published the artcileCinnamoylformate derivatives photoinitiators with excellent photobleaching ability and cytocompatibility for visible LED photopolymerization, Safety of Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, the publication is Progress in Organic Coatings (2022), 106969, database is CAplus.

In this work, four Et cinnamoylformate derivatives photoinitiators (ECFs), which have good photobleaching ability and excellent cytocompatibility in LED-triggered photopolymerization, were designed and synthesized by a simple two-step reaction. The potential initiating and photobleaching mechanisms of ECFs under visible LED were researched by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy and ESR. The as-prepared photoinitiators Et p-methoxycinnamoyl formate (O-ECF) and Et p-methylmercaptocinnamoyl formate (S-ECF) exhibited much higher initiating rate under 405 nm and 455 nm LED compared to the com. photoinitiator 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX). More significantly, carbon-carbon double bonds of ECFs can polymerize in the presence of tertiary amine under the irradiation of 455 nm or 405 nm LED, which endows ECFs with good photobleaching performance and excellent migration stability and cytocompatibility. Furthermore, ECFs are able to greatly initiate deep-layer photopolymerization under 455 nm LED and the photopolymerization depth reached 7.0 cm after the irradiation for 20 min. This work also affords a new perspective for designing photoinitiators with good photobleaching performance.

Progress in Organic Coatings published new progress about 10287-53-3. 10287-53-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Ester, name is Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and the molecular formula is C9H11BO4, Safety of Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wu, Qiye published the artcileSynthesis of benzyl N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate and photopolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate with BDC as iniferter, Recommanded Product: Benzyl diethylcarbamodithioate, the publication is Suliao Gongye (2000), 28(4), 1-3, 11, database is CAplus.

Benzyl N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate (BDC) was prepared from sodium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate and benzyl chloride, and used as iniferter in the photopolymerization of styrene and Me methacrylate. The conversion of styrene or Me methacrylate increased with increasing photopolymerization time in nonlinear mode and ambient temperature The viscosity-average mol. weight (Mμ) of PMMA and polystyrene increased linearly with the extension of photopolymerization time. The polymer had broad mol. weight distribution and the polymerization was living radical polymerization Styrene-Me methacrylate block copolymer was obtained using BDC as iniferter.

Suliao Gongye published new progress about 3052-61-7. 3052-61-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Amide, name is Benzyl diethylcarbamodithioate, and the molecular formula is C10H9NO, Recommanded Product: Benzyl diethylcarbamodithioate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics