Month: December 2022

Haval, Gauri A. published the artcileExcess hydrogen peroxide inhibits head and foot regeneration in hydra by affecting DNA repair and expression of essential genes, Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is foot hydrogen peroxide DNA repair; hydra; reactive oxygen species; regeneration.

ROS are necessary for various cellular processes. However, excess ROS cause damage to many biol. mols. and therefore must be tightly regulated in time and space. H2O2 is the most commonly used ROS as second messenger in the cell. It is a relatively long-lived freely diffusible signaling mol. during early events of injury. In the Cnidarian hydra, injury-induced ROS production is essential for regeneration to proceed. In the present study, we have examined influence of varying exposure to H2O2 on head and foot regeneration in the middlepieces of trisected hydra. We find that longer (4 h) exposure to 1 mM H2O2 inhibits both head and foot regeneration while shorter exposure (2 h) does not. Longer exposure to H2O2 resulted in extensive damage to DNA that could not be repaired, probably due to suboptimal induction of APE1, an enzyme necessary for base excision repair (BER). Concomitantly, genes involved in activation of Wnt pathway, necessary for head regeneration, were significantly downregulated. This appeared to be due to failure of both stabilization and transient nuclear localization of β-catenin. Similarly, genes involved in foot regeneration were also downregulated on longer exposure to H2O2. Thus, exposure to excess ROS inhibits regenerative processes in hydra through reduced expression of genes involved in regeneration and diminished DNA repair.

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (APE1). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Isidorov, Valery A. published the artcileInheritance of specific secondary volatile metabolites in buds of white birch Betula pendula and Betula pubescens hybrids, HPLC of Formula: 140-11-4, the main research area is Betula bud secondary volatile metabolite ploidy flowering time.

Despite the differences in ploidy and in the timing of flowering, two species of white birch, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens often form viable hybrids in places of their joint growth. Recognition of such hybrids by their morphol. features is very difficult or impossible. On the other hand, it could be assumed that substantial differences can be found in the secondary metabolites whose composition is determined mainly by genetic factors. However, the inheritability of biosynthesis of secondary birch metabolites is unknown. We investigated the bud volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the artificial hybrids of these birches and compared them with specific metabolites of pure parent species. The bud VOCs were determined by a combination of head-space microextraction with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. As the result, we found that: (a) hybrids clearly show dominant inheritance along the maternal line and (b) the buds of hybrid plants have characteristic features of VOCs composition, which allows for definitive conclusions about hybrid origins in some cases.

Trees (Heidelberg, Germany) published new progress about Aliphatic alcohols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, HPLC of Formula: 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Leng, Feng published the artcilePost-veraison different frequencies of water deficit strategies enhance Reliance grapes quality under root restriction, Computed Properties of 106-32-1, the main research area is Vitis fruit quality root veraison water deficit; Post-veraison; Primary and secondary metabolites; Vitis vinifera L.; Water deficit.

In this study, two water deficit treatments in the same amount of water but with different frequencies (T1: 2.5 L per 4 d and T2: 5 L per 8 d) were performed on Reliance grapevines from veraison until harvest to explore their effects on grape berries quality under root restriction. Results showed that glucose, fructose and sucrose contents were increased, while malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid contents were decreased under two treatments. Meanwhile, water deficits also promoted the accumulation of phenylalanine and proline. For phenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol and flavonols contents in the water deficit groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. In addition, two water deficit treatments increased the characteristic aromas contents, especially the esters contents. Overall, T2 treatment had a better effect than T1 treatment. This study provided an idea for improving water use efficiency and grape quality.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (titratable). 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Computed Properties of 106-32-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Leng, Feng published the artcilePost-veraison different frequencies of water deficit strategies enhance Reliance grapes quality under root restriction, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Vitis fruit quality root veraison water deficit; Post-veraison; Primary and secondary metabolites; Vitis vinifera L.; Water deficit.

In this study, two water deficit treatments in the same amount of water but with different frequencies (T1: 2.5 L per 4 d and T2: 5 L per 8 d) were performed on Reliance grapevines from veraison until harvest to explore their effects on grape berries quality under root restriction. Results showed that glucose, fructose and sucrose contents were increased, while malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid contents were decreased under two treatments. Meanwhile, water deficits also promoted the accumulation of phenylalanine and proline. For phenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol and flavonols contents in the water deficit groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. In addition, two water deficit treatments increased the characteristic aromas contents, especially the esters contents. Overall, T2 treatment had a better effect than T1 treatment. This study provided an idea for improving water use efficiency and grape quality.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (titratable). 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gao, Meiping published the artcileSource profiles and emission factors of VOCs from solvent-based architectural coatings and their contributions to ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in China, COA of Formula: C9H10O2, the main research area is ozone volatile organic compound solvent architectural coating emission; Emission factors and inventories; Ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA); Priority control analysis; Solvent-based architectural coating emissions; Source profiles; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from solvent-based architectural coatings (SBACs) play an important role in photochem. air pollution with increasing consumption of architectural coatings in China. In this study, we collected 148 typical SBACs of 3 types in China. The TVOC emission factors and source profiles were established, the contributions of SBACs to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation were investigated. The VOC emissions and O3 and SOA amounts formed in chem. reactions from SBACs in 2017 were estimated Key organic groups and VOC species with high reactivity were identified. According to the results, the TVOC emission factors were 507.17 g L-1 for solvent-based anticorrosive coatings, 381.34 g L-1 for solvent-based floor coatings and 459.68 g L-1 for solvent-based fire-retardant coatings. The VOC emissions were 186,902.11 t, 88,225.41 t and 71,352.32 t; the O3 amounts formed were 742,001.39 t, 397,896.60 t and 244,738.46 t; the SOA amounts formed were 3934.29 t, 2488.04 t and 1104.61 t, resp., from 3 types of SBACs in 2017. The O3 production factors were 1781.82 g O3 (kg paint)-1, 1457.50 g O3 (kg paint)-1 and 1176.63 g O3 (kg paint)-1, the SOA production factors were 9.45 g SOA (kg paint)-1, 9.11 g SOA (kg paint)-1 and 5.31 g SOA (kg paint)-1, for 3 types of SBACs. Priority should be given to organic group of aromatics and top 17 VOC species with high reactivity for O3 and SOA eliminating strategies, especially three xylenes (o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene), ethylbenzene, tri-Me benzenes (1,3,5-tri-Me benzene, 1,2,3-Tri-Me benzene) and toluene.

Chemosphere published new progress about Acids Role: ANT (Analyte), POL (Pollutant), ANST (Analytical Study), OCCU (Occurrence). 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, COA of Formula: C9H10O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ahmmed, Bulbul published the artcileRg3 inhibits gemcitabine-induced lung cancer cell invasiveness through ROS-dependent, NF-κB- and HIF-1α-mediated downregulation of PTX3, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1, the main research area is Rg gemcitabine lung cancer cell ROS PTX HIF; gemcitabine; ginsenosides; hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α); nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); pentraxin-3; reactive oxygen species (ROS).

PTX3, a member of the long pentraxin subfamily, associated with innate immunity is indispensable for resistance to some cancer. Gemcitabine, an analog of cytosine arabinoside, has shown restrained benefits because of profound chemoresistance. The PTX3 expression on GEM in human lung cancer cells have not yet been clarified; the present study aimed to show reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediatory PTX3 expression through distinct mechanisms. Whereas ginsenoside Rg3 is a herbal medicine with strong antitumor activity. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis; Rg3 abrogates GEM-induced production of ROS-mediated activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and inhibits nuclear piling-up of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and HIF-1α. On the basis of time and dose-dependent manner, our data demonstrated that GEM-induced PTX3 expression was dependent on ROS generation as it was abrogated by pretreatment of lung cancer cells with the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Increase in ROS expression in lung cancer cells on GEM treatment preceded the nuclear accumulation of NF-κB and HIF-1α and suppression of ROS diminished these effects. Our study findings reinforced the role regarding PTX3 signaling in GEM-induced resistance and pointed toward an unintended and undesired effect of chemotherapy and to get an active regimen; the synergy was associated with NF-κB downregulation in lung cancer.

Journal of Cellular Physiology published new progress about cDNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ferreira de Mello, Bruna Tais published the artcileSequential process for obtaining methyl esters and triacetin from crambe oil using pressurized methyl acetate, HPLC of Formula: 929-77-1, the main research area is Crambe oil triglycerides triacetin methyl esters.

The aim of this study was to investigate the application of a sequential process for the production of fatty acid Me esters (FAME) and triacetin (TA) from crambe seeds using Me acetate (MA) under pressurized conditions. In this process, Me acetate acts as an extraction solvent and an acyl acceptor for the conversion of the oil to the products of interest. According to the data obtained, increasing the pressure to 20 MPa resulted in higher FAME yields (YFAME) and TA contents for both oils tested. In the reaction with the PLE mixture an increase in temperature favored the formation of FAME and a yield of 66.49 % was achieved at 375 °C after 15 min. The TA content was highest at 325 °C and 5.01 wt% of this coproduct was obtained after 35 min. At the other temperatures, an increase in the TA content was not observed after 15 min. The results obtained in the reactions with CO demonstrated lower than those for the oil obtained by PLE and the reduction of polyunsaturated esters was more evident in the reaction products of this oil. At 375 °C, the increase in residence time provided higher conversion of triglycerides and free fatty acids, as well as higher consumption of intermediate reaction compounds, and enhanced levels of thermal degradation Thus, the results point to the benefits of using the sequential process to obtain FAME and TA in terms of yield and reduction of the decomposed fraction.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Crambe abyssinica. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, HPLC of Formula: 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kausar, Sharba published the artcileAntifilarial effect of nanocomposite of silver nanoparticles with nitazoxanide against the microfilariae of Setaria cervi-infected albino rats, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is diethylcarbamazine silver nanoparticle nitazoxanide Setaria filariasis; Anthelmintics; Antioxidant enzymes; Microfilariae; Nanoparticles; Setaria cervi.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), siver nanoparticles (AgNPs), nitazoxanide (NTZ), and a combination of nitazoxanide with silver nanoparticle (NTZ+AgNPs) against the microfilariae of Setaria cervi in exptl. infected albino rats. The NTZ+AgNPs was synthesized and subsequently characterized by SEM (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible absorption Spectra (UV-VIS), Fourier transforms IR spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra. Twenty male albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were treated with DEC, AgNPs, NTZ, and NTZ+AgNPs, while group V was taken as untreated infected control. After the establishment of infection, microfilaremic rats were treated with aforesaid drugs for 6 days at 100 mg/kg body weight Efficacy of drugs was observed by counting the microfilariae in the blood of albino rats every 3rd day till microfilariae disappeared. Blood was taken at every 10 days interval till 40 days for biochem. studies to assess the level of antioxidant enzymes. NTZ+AgNPs proved to be the most effective drug which cleared the microfilariae within 18 days of infection when compared with DEC, AgNPs and NTZ where microfilariae persisted up to 24, 36, and 33 days, resp. Oxidative stress is common inflammatory process associated with many diseases including filariasis. An enhanced antioxidant activity of NTZ+AgNPs was observed in the infected rats which was evident by quick disappearance of microfilariae due to increased oxidative stress. It clearly indicated pos. contribution of the NTZ+AgNPs to the host together with harmful effect on the parasite. Hence, AgNPs improved the NTZ efficacy against S. cervi infection in albino rats and proved as a successful synergistic combination.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology published new progress about Combination chemotherapy. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, Tingyi published the artcileDeficiency of Grx1 leads to high sensitivity of HeLaS3 cells to oxidative stress via excessive accumulation of intracellular oxidants including ROS, COA of Formula: C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is Grx gene deficiency oxidative stress cells intracellular oxidant ROS; Glutaredoxin 1; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; redox homeostasis; γ-ray irradiation.

Oxidative stress is often initiated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in macromol. damage, which is implicated in many disease states. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays an important role in redox signaling and redox homeostasis. In the present study, we generated HeLaS3 cell lines deficient in Grx1 by the CRISPR/CAS9 system to clarify how Grx1 affects the physiol. activities of HeLaS3 cells to respond to oxidative stress. First, the survival assay revealed that Grx1-deficient HeLaS3 cells were more sensitive to γ-ray irradiation, heat shock and H2O2 exposure than HeLaS3 wild-type cells. Next, the intracellular redox state was investigated using a fluorescent probe (2′-7’dichlorofluorescin diacetate), and the oxidized state of total proteins and a peroxidase Prx2 were measured by Western blot anal. Exposure to γ-ray irradiation, heat shock and H2O2 significantly induced more accumulation of intracellular oxidants including ROS and higher levels of oxidized proteins in Grx1-deficient HeLaS3 cells. Furthermore, MitoSox Red staining demonstrated that Grx1 deficiency causes a higher level of oxidants production in mitochondria. Moreover, Grx1-deficient HeLaS3 cells had a higher cytochrome c level and higher apoptosis rate (Annexin-V/FITC and EthD-III staining assay) upon oxidative stress. These results suggested that Grx1 deficiency lead to mitochondrial redox homeostasis disruption and apoptotic cell death upon oxidative stress. In addition, the results of proliferation assay and MitoTracker staining assay (multinuclear cell formation rate) suggested that oxidative stress exposure inhibits cell proliferation maybe by affecting cytoplasmic division in Grx1-deficient HeLaS3 cells.

Free Radical Research published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, COA of Formula: C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Grabe, Veit published the artcileOdor-induced multi-level inhibitory maps in Drosophila, Safety of Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, the main research area is Drosophila odor olfactory circuitry; Drosophila; antennal lobe; chloride imaging; inhibition; olfactory coding; sensory processing.

Optical imaging of intracellular Ca2+ influx as a correlate of neuronal excitation represents a standard technique for visualizing spatiotemporal activity of neuronal networks. However, the information-processing properties of single neurons and neuronal circuits likewise involve inhibition of neuronal membrane potential. Here, we report spatially resolved optical imaging of odor-evoked inhibitory patterns in the olfactory circuitry of Drosophila using a genetically encoded fluorescent Cl- sensor. In combination with the excitatory component reflected by intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, we present a comprehensive functional map of both odor-evoked neuronal activation and inhibition at different levels of olfactory processing. We demonstrate that odor-evoked inhibition carried by Cl- influx is present both in sensory neurons and second-order projection neurons (PNs), and is characterized by stereotypic, odor-specific patterns. Cl–mediated inhibition features distinct dynamics in different neuronal populations. Our data support a dual role of inhibitory neurons in the olfactory system: global gain control across the neuronal circuitry and glomerulus-specific inhibition to enhance neuronal information processing.

eNeuro published new progress about Brain. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics