Month: December 2022

Nurhidayanti, Nisa published the artcileThe effect of use microwave irradiation in produce biodiesel nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn) using KOH catalyst, Computed Properties of 929-77-1, the main research area is Potassium hydroxide catalyst microwave irradiation biodiesel Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn) is a non edible that has the potential to produce high yield biodiesel. Oil nyamplung in this study had amounted to 27,498% FFA content, therefore, needs a pretreatment process consisting of degumming to remove gum, esterification and neutralization to lower FFA <2% so that the oil can be resumed in the transesterification process. The purpose of this research to study the effect of microwave power, time and temperature of the reaction to yield biodiesel, identify Me ester in the product and assess the kinetics of making biodiesel from oil nyamplung using microwave irradiation Transesterification is done by using a variation of power (100, 200 and 400W), variations of time (5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 min) and variations of temperature (50, 55, 60, 65 and 70° C). The results showed the best conditions using microwave power of 200 W at 65°C for 5 min, maximum yield of 84,62% biodiesel and biodiesel phys. properties meet the standard of SNI 04-7182-2006. GCMS anal. showed that the Me ester of biodiesel oil nyamplung is 30,23% Me oleic, 25,76% Me linolelaidate, 19.21% Me palmitate, 15,75% Me stearic, 2,11% Me lignocerate, 1,41%, Me eicosanoic, 0,54% Me behenate and 0,37% Me palmitoleic. Transesterification reaction rate constant of first order at a temperature of 55°C, 65°C and 70°C is 0,395 min-1, 0,405 min-1 and 0,412 min-1. Pre exponential factor (A) amounted to 1,0161 L / mol min; the activation energy (Ea) 2579,834 J/mol and the rate of transesterification reaction (rt) = 1,0161e(2579,834/RT)[ME]. The results of this study showed that the rate of reaction using microwave irradiation higher and the reaction time becomes 1/6 times faster with activation energy value is smaller than with conventional methods. Journal of Physics: Conference Series published new progress about Activation energy. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Computed Properties of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Huang, Rui published the artcilePhysicochemical characterizations of microalgal methyl esters extracted with hexane and refined by vacuum distillation at different temperatures, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is hexane microalgal methyl ester vacuum distillation.

To prepare quality biodiesel from microalgal lipids in pilot-scale reactors, Me esters from microalgal cells were extracted with hexane after direct transesterification and then refined by vacuum distillation The refined Me esters were comprehensively characterized via gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, NMR, and thermogravimetric anal. The Me ester refined at 255°C-259°C was found to be the ideal fuel with a high fatty acid Me ester content of 94.6%, a low combustion activation energy of 42.1 kJ/mol, and a proper carbon-chain length distributed in C14-C18. Impurities extracted with hexane, such as alkanes and short-chain esters, were separated at 105°C-254°C owing to their low polarity and mol. weight Highly unsaturated Me esters with a long carbon-chain were collected at 260°C-280°C owing to their high b.p. Separation of alkanes, short-chain esters, and highly unsaturated Me esters through vacuum distillation effectively improved the properties of the Me esters extracted with hexane as a fuel and enhanced the economic feasibility of microalgal lipids.

Fuel published new progress about Activation energy. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Huang, Rui published the artcilePhysicochemical characterizations of microalgal methyl esters extracted with hexane and refined by vacuum distillation at different temperatures, Recommanded Product: Methyl decanoate, the main research area is hexane microalgal methyl ester vacuum distillation.

To prepare quality biodiesel from microalgal lipids in pilot-scale reactors, Me esters from microalgal cells were extracted with hexane after direct transesterification and then refined by vacuum distillation The refined Me esters were comprehensively characterized via gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, NMR, and thermogravimetric anal. The Me ester refined at 255°C-259°C was found to be the ideal fuel with a high fatty acid Me ester content of 94.6%, a low combustion activation energy of 42.1 kJ/mol, and a proper carbon-chain length distributed in C14-C18. Impurities extracted with hexane, such as alkanes and short-chain esters, were separated at 105°C-254°C owing to their low polarity and mol. weight Highly unsaturated Me esters with a long carbon-chain were collected at 260°C-280°C owing to their high b.p. Separation of alkanes, short-chain esters, and highly unsaturated Me esters through vacuum distillation effectively improved the properties of the Me esters extracted with hexane as a fuel and enhanced the economic feasibility of microalgal lipids.

Fuel published new progress about Activation energy. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Recommanded Product: Methyl decanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Fujian published the artcileDeveloping two-dimensional solid superacids with enhanced mass transport, extremely high acid strength and superior catalytic performance, Computed Properties of 929-77-1, the main research area is montmorillonite superacid acid strength mass transport superior catalytic property.

Solid acids have been widely used as heterogeneous catalysts in developing green and sustainable chem. However, it remains a challenge to improve the mass transport properties and acid strength of solid acids simultaneously. Herein, we report a class of two dimensional (2D) layered hybrid solid acids with outstanding mass transfer and extremely high acid strength by incorporating sulfonated polymers in-between montmorillonite layers. The 2D layered structure and broad distribution of pore sizes allow for highly efficient mass transport of substrate mols. into and out of the solid acids. The acid strength of these solid acids was found to be stronger than that of 100% H2SO4, H3PW12O40 and any other reported solid acids to date, as determined by 1H and 31P solid-state NMR. These 2D solid acids show extraordinary catalytic performance in biomass conversion to fuels, superior to that of H3PW12O40, HCl and H2SO4. Theor. calculations and control experiments reveal that H-bond based interactions between the polymer and montmorillonite facilitate the unusually high acid strengths found in these samples.

Chemical Science published new progress about Activation energy. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Computed Properties of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Junhua published the artcileHighly Selective Conversion of Furfural to Furfural Alcohol or Levulinate Ester in One Pot over ZrO2@SBA-15 and Its Kinetic Behavior, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is selective conversion furfural alc levulinate ester zirconia silica catalyst.

Biorefinery for the purpose of producing biofuels, chems., and materials has received much attention. Furfural alc. (FOL) and levulinate ester (LE) are important biomass-derived platform chems., and they are produced from sugar-based furfural (FAL). Unfortunately, the two products are often obtained sep. in different reaction systems, which is undesirable; furthermore, it is of significant practical interest to control their selectivity so that the desired product can be accumulated in high yields. Herein, we present an efficient method for the highly selective conversion of FAL to FOL or iso-Pr levulinate (IPL) in a one pot system using isopropanol as the hydrogen source and ZrO2@SBA-15 as a bifunctional catalyst with both Lewis acid and Bronsted acid sites. Under optimized reaction conditions, high yields of FOL and IPL in up to 90.4% and 87.2%, resp., were obtained. Based on the exptl. results, a kinetic model describing the catalytic conversion of FAL into FOL and IPL process was established, which has a good correlation (R2 > 0.92) between the measured and predicted data. The developed kinetics can provide an effective tool to monitor the process and tailor the process conditions to obtain the desired product. A brief concept for the catalytic conversion of FAL to FOL or IPL in a one pot system over ZrO2@SBA-15 is described.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Activation energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shirshin, Konstantin K. published the artcileSpecific Organocatalysis in Amidation Reaction of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with 3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propylamine, Safety of Methyl decanoate, the main research area is dimethylaminopropyl amine FAME organo catalytic amidation potential energy surface.

Comparison of various organic compounds such as glycols, amines and alkanolamines as organocatalysts in amidation of fatty acid Me esters with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine was made for the first time. It was exptl. detected that catalysts containing OH-groups (alcs., glycols, glycerol and aminoalcs.) influence the reaction rate. Moreover, catalytic effect is depending on the catalysts geometry significantly. 1,5-diols (e. g. diethylene glycol and diethanolamine) were found to accelerate the reaction more than other OH-groups containing additives. It was supposed, that this catalytic effect is caused by specific associative interactions between reactants and 1,5-diols, what was confirmed by quantum mechanics calculations Catalysts concentration effects on the reaction rate were also investigated.

ChemistrySelect published new progress about Activation energy. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Safety of Methyl decanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Albalat, Muriel published the artcileAn enzymatic acetal/hemiacetal conversion for the physiological temperature activation of the alkoxyamine C-ON bond homolysis, Application of Benzyl acetate, the main research area is alkoxylamine bond cleavage enzymic acetal hemiacetal conversion.

The potential of alkoxyamines as theranostic agents has been recently promoted by authors groups. The success of such an approach relies on the switch upon enzymic triggering between highly stable precursor alkoxyamines and activated alkoxyamines exhibiting fast homolysis of the C-ON bond. Hence, at 37° in water, benzyl 2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxy)-3-ethoxy-3-acetoxypropanoate and benzyl 2-ditert-butylaminoxy-3-ethoxy-3-acetoxy propanoate afford tmax of 2000 s (35% conversion) and 500 s (60% conversion), resp., for the C-ON bond homolysis in the presence of Subtilisin A whereas t1/2 of ca. 42 thousand millenniums and 330 years are expected accordingly to Ea values in n-propanol. These results nicely highlight the on/off switch, provided that an enzymic activity controls the C-ON bond homolysis.

Organic Chemistry Frontiers published new progress about Activation energy. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Application of Benzyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhong, Yiliu published the artcileCombustion characteristics of aromatic-enriched oil droplets produced by pyrolyzing unrecyclable waste tire rubber, Product Details of C11H22O2, the main research area is aromatic oil droplet combustion pyrolyzing unrecyclable waste tire rubber.

The purpose of this work is to study the combustion characteristics of aromatic-enriched tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) produced from typical small vehicles and truck tires. Pyrolysis oils (NRTO: natural rubber tire oil and SRTO: synthetic rubber tire oil) from two raw radial tire materials were produced and condensed at 25 °C and 130 °C in a three-stage auger pyrolysis reactor under neg. pressure. Combustion particularities were acquired using a single-droplet suspension combustion device and evaluated by five different indicators: kinetics, flame shape, burning rates, flame stand-off ratio (FSR) and mass transfer parameters. It was found that TPO was a potential fuel with higher calorific value (40-44 MJ/kg) and lower combustion apparent activation energy (10-40 MJ/mol) than that of bio-oil and solid fuels. Oil produced from synthetic rubber and condensed at 25 °C exhibited higher stable burning rate (1.93 ± 0.03 mm2/s) than that of nature rubber pyrolysis oil. Comparing with traditional fuels, tire oil droplets displayed higher surface local heat transfer coefficient, but the mass transfer number (B â‰?2.5) and FSR (<3.1) under stable combustion conditions were much lower. The combustion behavior of TPO has partial similarity with unsaturated hydrocarbons and ester biofuels. The reported results support the well-characterized TPO condensates for subsequent atomized combustion in realistic industrial burners. Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Activation energy. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Product Details of C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reyes, Laura published the artcileAutocatalyzed and heterogeneously catalyzed esterification kinetics of glycolic acid with ethanol, Synthetic Route of 623-50-7, the main research area is glycolic acid ethanol amberlyst catalyst esterification kinetics.

The chem. equilibrium and reaction kinetics in homogeneously and heterogeneously catalyzed systems were investigated for the reversible esterification reaction of glycolic acid with ethanol. In a first approach, the thermodn. equilibrium of the reaction was established for temperatures between 50°C and 75°C. To differentiate catalytic from homogeneous contribution, the esterification was first studied without a catalyst and the data obtained were then used to model the autocatalyzed homogeneous reaction kinetics. The impact of different com. solid catalysts such as zeolites, oxides and ion exchange resins on the esterification reaction was also investigated. For the latter, the amount of total acid sites was quantified in order to correlate this parameter to the reaction rate and glycolic acid conversion. Finally, the effects of catalyst loading, temperature, presence of water and recyclability were examined for the most efficient catalyst, Amberlyst 70. Moreover, a kinetic adjustment of the exptl. results was carried out by fitting the data to a pseudo-homogeneous model and comparing to adsorption-based models.

Reaction Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Activation energy. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, Synthetic Route of 623-50-7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Khatun, Habiba published the artcileCharacterization of freeze-dried, oven-dried and blanched house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis) by means of their physicochemical properties and volatile compounds, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5, the main research area is volatile compound Achete Gryllus freeze oven drying blanching.

Edible insects are repeatedly being considered as underutilized food candidate due to their high nutritional value. Although frequent acceptance of whole insects to consumer is still challenging, incorporation of insects in food as powder or paste has been suggested to increase their acceptability. Hence, Acheta domesticus and Gryllus assimilis were subjected to freeze drying, oven drying, and blanching to acquire a clear insight on the impact of the processing methods on the nutritional and phys. properties of both species. Result showed that these three methods had limited effects on the proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profile but had significant impact on other parameters for both species. Vitamin B12 in A. domesticus did not change but G. assimilis changed due to the treatment. Freeze drying showed better lightness (L* value) and lower browning index for both cricket species. Oven drying and blanching resulted in lower lipid oxidation values than freeze drying for both cricket species; though lipid oxidation was in all cases well below the rejection limit. Esters were the predominant group of volatile compound in freeze and oven-dried cricket while least amount of volatiles were found in blanched cricket. The volatiles resulted from fatty acid oxidation were higher in freeze-dried crickets, while Maillard reaction products were found in oven-dried samples. Although freeze drying showed higher color quality, oven drying exerted superior effect in terms of nutritional and flavor characteristics followed by blanching treatment.

European Food Research and Technology published new progress about Acheta domesticus. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics