Month: December 2022

Li, Chunching published the artcileBuoyancy-Driven Gradients for Biomaterial Fabrication and Tissue Engineering, Synthetic Route of 142-90-5, the main research area is osteochondral tissue engineering biomaterial polymer hydrogel buoyancy; biomaterials; buoyancy; gradients; osteochondral; tissue engineering.

The controlled fabrication of gradient materials is becoming increasingly important as the next generation of tissue engineering seeks to produce inhomogeneous constructs with physiol. complexity. Current strategies for fabricating gradient materials can require highly specialized materials or equipment and cannot be generally applied to the wide range of systems used for tissue engineering. Here, the fundamental phys. principle of buoyancy is exploited as a generalized approach for generating materials bearing well-defined compositional, mech., or biochem. gradients. Gradient formation is demonstrated across a range of different materials (e.g., polymers and hydrogels) and cargos (e.g., liposomes, nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, macromols., and small mols.). As well as providing versatility, this buoyancy-driven gradient approach also offers speed (<1 min) and simplicity (a single injection) using standard laboratory apparatus Moreover, this technique is readily applied to a major target in complex tissue engineering: the osteochondral interface. A bone morphogenetic protein 2 gradient, presented across a gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel laden with human mesenchymal stem cells, is used to locally stimulate osteogenesis and mineralization in order to produce integrated osteochondral tissue constructs. The versatility and accessibility of this fabrication platform should ensure widespread applicability and provide opportunities to generate other gradient materials or interfacial tissues. Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about Biomineralization. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Synthetic Route of 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Meng published the artcileA novel tannic acid-based carbon-supported cobalt catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of biomass derived ethyl levulinate, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is carbon supported cobalt catalyst transfer hydrogenation biomass conversion; biomass; carbon support; catalyst; ethyl levulinate; hydrogen transfer; tannic acid.

The catalytic conversion of Et levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is an important intermediate reaction in the conversion and utilization of biomass resources. The development of novel and efficient catalysts is significantly important for this reaction. In this work, using the biomass-derived tannic acid as carbon precursor and the transition metal cobalt as active component, a novel tannic acid carbon supported cobalt catalyst (Co/TAC) was prepared by pyrolysis and subsequent hydrazine hydrate reduction method. The hydrogenation of EL and other carbonyl compounds by hydrogen transfer reaction was used to evaluate the performance of the catalysts. The effects of different preparation and reaction conditions on the performance of the catalysts were investigated, and the structures of the prepared catalysts were characterized in detail. The results showed that the carbonization temperature of the support had a significant effect on the activity of the catalyst for the reaction. Under the optimized conditions, the Co/TAC-900 catalyst obtained the highest GVL yield of 91.3% under relatively mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the prepared catalyst also showed high efficiency for the hydrogenation of various ketone compounds with different structures. This work provides a new reference for the construction of the catalysts during the conversion of biomass and a potential pathway for the high-value utilization of tannin resource.

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about Biomass pyrolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nishijo, Taku published the artcileSensitivity of KeratinoSens and h-CLAT for detecting minute amounts of sensitizers to evaluate botanical extract, SDS of cas: 6259-76-3, the main research area is CD86 CD54 diphenylcyclopropenone oxazolone lymph node skin sensitization KeratinoSens; Botanical extract; Detection limit; KeratinoSensTM; LLNA; Skin sensitization; h-CLAT.

Cosmetic ingredients are often complex mixtures from natural sources such as botanical extracts that might contain minute amounts of constituents with sensitizing potential. The sensitivity of in vitro skin sensitization test methods such as KeratinoSens and h-CLAT for the detection of minute amounts of sensitizer in mixtures remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the detection sensitivity of the binary test battery comprising KeratinoSens and h-CLAT for minute amounts of sensitizers by comparing the LLNA EC3 (estimated concentration of a substance expected to produce a stimulation index of 3) values to the min. detection concentrations (MDCs) exceeding the pos. criteria for each of the two in vitro test methods. 146 Sensitizers with both sets of in vitro data and LLNA data were used. MDC values for KeratinoSens and h-CLAT were calculated from exposure concentrations exceeding pos. criteria for each in vitro test method (EC1.5 and min. induction thresholds, resp.). The dilution rate used to expose culture medium was also considered. For 86% of analyzed sensitizers, the in vitro test methods showed MDC values lower than LLNA EC3 values, suggesting that the binary test battery with KeratinoSens and h-CLAT have greater sensitivity for detection of minute amounts of sensitizer than LLNA. These results suggest the high applicability of KeratinoSens and h-CLAT for detecting skin sensitizing constituents present in botanical extract

Journal of Toxicological Sciences published new progress about Bioassay (h-CLAT). 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, SDS of cas: 6259-76-3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Qi published the artcileInfluence of Eurotium cristatum and Aspergillus niger individual and collaborative inoculation on volatile profile in liquid-state fermentation of instant dark teas, Application In Synthesis of 41114-00-5, the main research area is Instant dark tea Aspergillus Eurotium fermentation Volatiles; Aspergillus niger; Eurotium cristatum; Instant dark tea; Liquid-state fermentation; Sensory analysis; Volatile components.

The three instant dark teas were produced from instant green tea (IGT) by liquid-state fermentations using the microorganisms Eurotium cristatum (EFT), Aspergillus niger (AFT), and sequential inoculation of E. cristatum/A. niger (EAFT), resp. The volatile compounds of four tea samples were extracted by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with chemometrics. A total of 97 volatile compounds were tentatively identified to distinguish three fermented instant dark from IGT. Alcs., acids, esters, ketones, aldehydes, and heterocyclics could be clearly distinguished by principal component anal. (PCA), venn diagram, heatmap anal. and hierarchical cluster anal. (HCA). Descriptive sensory anal. revealed that AFT had a moldy, woody and herbal aroma; EFT showed woody and herbal aroma; and EAFT smelled an herbal, sweet, minty and floral aroma. This study indicates that fermentation using different microorganisms is critical in forming unique aroma characteristics of instant dark teas.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Aspergillus niger. 41114-00-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl pentadecanoate, and the molecular formula is C17H34O2, Application In Synthesis of 41114-00-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gao, Shishuai published the artcileFabrication of lignin based renewable dynamic networks and its applications as self-healing, antifungal and conductive adhesives, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is lignin based renewable dynamic network selfhealing antifungal conductive adhesive.

The preparation of dynamic networks from lignin with multipurpose and multifunctional practical applications is highly desirable but still challenging. In this study, the combination of a “”grafting from”” reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and dynamic chem. was utilized to synthesize lignin based dynamic networks. Vanillin, a derived chem. from lignin, was used as a building block to realize the structural reorganization of lignin via RAFT polymerization, together with fatty acid derivative as the comonomer. NMR anal. confirmed the expected structures. It was demonstrated that the physicochem. properties of grafted lignin were adjustable depending on polymerization reaction conditions. Due to the presence of aldehyde groups from vanillin moiety, a dynamic network was produced by using diamines as crosslinkers. The mech. properties were also tunable via controlling the structure of crosslinkers. The crosslinked lignin-based dynamic networks exhibited various interesting properties, such as recyclability and UV-adsorption ability. In addition, it could be used as self-healing, antifungal and conductive adhesives. The shear strength after first time self-healing could reach 2.9 MPa, which was 83.1% of the pristine adhesion. This damage and repair process could be carried out at least four times under relatively low temperature (80°C) and pressure (1.0 MPa). More importantly, antifungal activity was observed for the self-healing adhesive, which might enlarge its applications. Addnl., after the addition of carbon nanotubes, the generated conductive adhesive was weldable without compromising its conductivity This study has demonstrated the potential of lignin to synthesize high value-added materials, which could be appealing to both biorefinery and materials society.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Aspergillus niger. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Yi published the artcilePhotoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization in ab initio emulsion, SDS of cas: 142-90-5, the main research area is photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization ab initio emulsion.

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) performed in ab initio emulsion provides access to well-defined polymers in a low-cost, eco-friendly environment. Herein, photoinduced ab initio emulsion ATRP of various (meth)acrylate monomers is reported. The polymerization rate increased with the solubility of the monomer in water. Well-controlled (co)polymerizations were achieved under violet light and low catalyst loading, even in an open-to-air system through enzymic degassing.

Polymer published new progress about Aspergillus niger. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, SDS of cas: 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nazari, Elahe published the artcileBeneficial effect of Brassica nigra fixed oil on the changes in memory caused by B-amyloid in an animal model, Safety of Methyl docosanoate, the main research area is Brassica nigra fixed oil amyloid memory change.

Dementia is a disease in which memory, thinking, and cognitive skills are impaired, with Alzheimer′s being the most common type of dementia. Brassica nigra is useful for eliminating memory loss in traditional Persian medicine. This study aims to examine the effect of B. nigra fixed oil (BNO) on the changes in memory caused by β-amyloid. This research was conducted on 42 Wistar rats divided into 7 groups (n = 6) including (1) control (received vehicle), (2) the group receiving BNO (925 and 462.5 mg/kg), (4) sham group (5) Alzheimer group (receiving 50 ng/μl/side β-amyloid in CA1 area of hippocampus) and 2 groups receiving β-amyloid along with two different doses of BNO. The daily gavage of BNO was done 2 to 21 days post amyloid injection. The spatial memory was evaluated in Morris water maze from day 21 to 26. The results of this study revealed that the gavage of BNO (925 mg/kg) to rats receiving β-amyloid, as compared to those receiving β-amyloid alone, significantly decreased the traveled distance and the required time for finding hidden platform on the training days and increased the time of presence in the target quadrant on the test days. The anal. of BNO with GC-MS revealed that Erucic acid (24.79%) and 11-Eicosenoic acid (17.23%) had the highest content in the BNO. Regarding the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, it is likely that the consumption of BNO can play an important role in the prevention of memory degradation which warrants further clin. studies.

Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran) published new progress about Alzheimer disease. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Safety of Methyl docosanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Ang published the artcilePredictions of oxidation and autoignition of large methyl ester with small molecule fuels, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is methyl ester surrogate fuel autoignition oxidation laminar flow reactor.

Biodiesel contains large Me esters including Me palmitate (MP), Me oleate (MO), Me linoleate (ML), etc. Long alkyl chains and asym. structures of these large Me esters lead to complexity in development of kinetic models. In this paper, surrogate fuels for large Me esters were proposed and developed. Surrogate models can be used to replace the detailed mechanisms of large Me esters in prediction of oxidation and autoignition properties. Key characteristics in combustion have non-linear relationships with fuel components in a neural network diagram, which indicates that surrogates with the same functional groups can exhibit similar combustion properties as large Me esters. In formulation of surrogate fuels, candidates consist of small species such as Me decanoate, n-hexadecane, Me trans-3-hexenoate, and 1, 4-hexadiene. To compare the oxidation properties, point-to-point exptl. validations were conducted in laminar flow reactor. Oxidation properties of surrogate and target fuels were in satisfactory agreements. Surrogate fuels not only successfully captured the discrepancies in reactivity of different Me esters, but also reproduced species concentrations of intermediate and products at various equivalence ratios. To test the performance in predicting autoignition characteristics, simulations based on surrogate models were compared with previous exptl. data. Surrogate models not only predicted ignition delay times at various pressure and equivalence ratios, but also reproduced the trends of apparent activated energy under different conditions. To sum up, oxidation and autoignition characteristics of large Me esters can be predicted by the combined kinetic model of small mol. compounds, which will have great potentials in the development of kinetic models for fuels with complicated mol. structures.

Fuel published new progress about Alternative fuels. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jing, Chu published the artcileThermal decomposition of methacrylate polymers containing tert-butoxycarbonyl moiety, Name: Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, the main research area is tert butoxycarbonyloxy ethyl methacrylate polymer thermal degradation.

In organic synthesis and polymer materials chem., a tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) group is often used as one of tools for the protection of functional groups. In this study, we carried out radical polymerization of 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (BHEMA) and copolymerizations of BHEMA with Me methacrylate (MMA), Bu methacrylate (nBMA), iso-Bu methacrylate (iBMA), tert-Bu methacrylate (tBMA), dodecyl methacrylate (DMA), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and limonene (Lim) as the 1,1-disubstituted ethylene monomers and investigated the thermal decomposition behavior of the obtained polymers. On the basis of the results of thermogravimetric (TG) anal. in nitrogen at the heating rate of 10 °C/min, it was revealed that the deprotection of the BOC group in the polymer side chains occurred at ca. 200 °C accompanying the quant. elimination of isobutene and carbon dioxide, independent of the structures of the repeating units. The following main-chain decomposition of the residual copolymers resulted in a small amount of residue less than 1% at 500 °C. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was synthesized via the deprotection of the BOC group of PBHEMA.

Polymer Degradation and Stability published new progress about Activation energy. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Name: Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Yingxin published the artcileOne-pot synthesis of pyrrolidone derivatives via reductive amination of levulinic acid/ester with nitriles over Pd/C catalyst, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid reductive amination palladium pyrrolidone one pot synthesis.

The selective reductive amination of levulinic acid (LA) into pyrrolidone derivatives is regarded as one of the most promising reactions in the fields of biomass conversion into high value-added chems. Herein, we report a one-pot synthesis of N-substituted-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones by reductive amination of LA/ester with nitriles over several com. catalysts. Among the catalysts tested, Pd/C was found to be the most efficient for the reductive amination of LA/ester with various nitriles to give high yields of pyrrolidones (up to 92%) under mild reaction conditions (80°C, 1.6 MPa H2, THF solvent). And the catalyst showed good reusability.

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis published new progress about Activation energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics