Month: December 2022

Turan, Emre published the artcileBlack garlic as a substitute for fresh garlic to reduce off-flavor and enhance consumer acceptance and bioactive properties in cemen paste, Computed Properties of 123-29-5, the main research area is black garlic flavor bioactive property cemen paste.

The effects of black garlic aged at different periods as a substitute for fresh garlic (FG) on the overall quality of pastirma cemen paste were evaluated during 90 days of storage. The addition of black garlic increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the cemen pastes, and decreased the firmness, stickiness, pH and color values compared to CON (Control). Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts of cemen pastes containing black garlic aged for �1 days were similar to those of CON, but the counts of yeast and molds of black garlic added-groups were higher than CON during storage. Incorporation of black garlic to cemen paste increased the content of volatile compounds such as esters and terpenes with fruity and sweet notes, while the concentration of sulfur compounds decreased. In this way, the off-flavor of cemen paste was eliminated and its sensory acceptability improved. Considering the overall data, the best results were obtained in the CP3 group produced with black garlic aged for 21 days. Consequently, black garlic can be used as a substitute for FG to improve the consumer acceptance and bioactive properties of cemen paste. Novelty impact statement : Some consumers avoid pastirma consumption because of the unpleasant off-flavor from cemen paste. Overcoming this problem is very important for both the producer and the consumer. The results of this study showed that black garlic improved the sensory acceptability and bioactive properties of cemen paste by eliminating the unpleasant smell of fresh garlic and increasing the antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the use of cemen paste with black garlic in pastirma production has promising potential to enhance consumer acceptance and retard oxidative reactions.

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation published new progress about Allium nigrum. 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Computed Properties of 123-29-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yuan, Chuan published the artcileEffect of cosolvent and addition of catalyst (HZSM-5) on hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is macroalgae HZSM catalyst hydrothermal liquefaction cosolvent effect.

Summary : The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the direct liquefaction of macroalgae in an autoclave reactor (50 mL) possessing water and ethanol as cosolvent. The reaction conditions such as duration, temperature, algae/solvent ratio, the composition of cosolvent (ethanol-water) on product distribution, and bio-oil characterization were studied. The optimum conditions such as 300°C of temperature, 45 min of reaction time, 75% of ethanol, and algae to solvent ratio of 4/40 g/mL supported the bio-oil yield of 46.75% with a conversion rate of 95.5%. The composition and concentration of the compounds in the bio-oil produced under various doses of catalyst were described using GC-MS. The bio-oil characterization showed that the esters were most predominant in hydrothermal liquefaction with a catalyst (HZSM-5) compared with hydrothermal liquefaction in the absence of the catalyst.

International Journal of Energy Research published new progress about Algae, macro-. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yuan, Chuan published the artcileEffect of cosolvent and addition of catalyst (HZSM-5) on hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae, Synthetic Route of 41114-00-5, the main research area is macroalgae HZSM catalyst hydrothermal liquefaction cosolvent effect.

Summary : The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the direct liquefaction of macroalgae in an autoclave reactor (50 mL) possessing water and ethanol as cosolvent. The reaction conditions such as duration, temperature, algae/solvent ratio, the composition of cosolvent (ethanol-water) on product distribution, and bio-oil characterization were studied. The optimum conditions such as 300°C of temperature, 45 min of reaction time, 75% of ethanol, and algae to solvent ratio of 4/40 g/mL supported the bio-oil yield of 46.75% with a conversion rate of 95.5%. The composition and concentration of the compounds in the bio-oil produced under various doses of catalyst were described using GC-MS. The bio-oil characterization showed that the esters were most predominant in hydrothermal liquefaction with a catalyst (HZSM-5) compared with hydrothermal liquefaction in the absence of the catalyst.

International Journal of Energy Research published new progress about Algae, macro-. 41114-00-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl pentadecanoate, and the molecular formula is C17H34O2, Synthetic Route of 41114-00-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mizumachi, Hideyuki published the artcileCharacterization of dermal sensitization potential for industrial or agricultural chemicals with EpiSensA, Recommanded Product: Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, the main research area is industrial agricultural chem dermal sensitization potential; DPRA; EpiSensA; KeratinoSensâ„? h-CLAT; in vitro; skin sensitization.

The regulatory community is transitioning to the use of nonanimal methods for dermal sensitization assessments; however, some in vitro assays have limitations in their domain of applicability depending on the properties of chems. being tested. This study explored the utility of epidermal sensitization assay (EpiSensA) to evaluate the sensitization potential of complex and/or ′′difficult to test′â€?chems. Assay performance was evaluated by testing a set of 20 test chems. including 10 methacrylate esters, 5 silicone-based compounds, 3 crop protection formulations, and 2 surfactant mixtures; each had prior in vivo data plus some in silico and in vitro data. Using the weight of evidence (WoE) assessments by REACH Lead Registrants, 14 of these chems. were sensitizers and, six were nonsensitizers based on in vivo studies (local lymph node assay [LLNA] and/or guinea pig studies). The EpiSensA correctly predicted 16/20 materials with three test materials as false pos. and one silane as false neg. This silane, classified as weak sensitizer via LLNA, also gave a ′′false neg.′â€?result in the KeratinoSens assay. Overall, consistent with prior evaluations, the EpiSensA demonstrated an accuracy level of 80% relative to available in vivo WoE assessments. In addition, potency classification based on the concentration showing pos. marker gene expression of EpiSensA was performed. The EpiSensA correctly predicted the potency for all seven sensitizing methacrylates classified as weak potency via LLNA (EC3 â‰?10%). In summary, EpiSensA could identify dermal sensitization potential of these test substances and mixtures, and continues to show promise as an in vitro alternative method for dermal sensitization.

Journal of Applied Toxicology published new progress about Agrochemicals. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Recommanded Product: Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sanchez-Cordoba, Carlota published the artcileOlfactometric and sensory evaluation of red wines subjected to ultrasound or microwaves during their maceration or ageing stages, Quality Control of 5405-41-4, the main research area is red wine olfactometric sensory evaluation maceration ageing stage.

In the present work, we have studied the effect that some extraction techniques, such as ultrasound or microwaves, produce on the aroma of red wines, when applied to processes of extractive nature, such as pre-fermentative maceration or ageing with oak chips (Spanish oak – Quercus pyrenaica and French oak – Quercus robur). The volatile profile has been studied by means of gas chromatog. coupled with olfactometric and mass spectrometric detection. Sensory anal. of all the wines produced has also been conducted. Although no indications were found to show that the pre-fermentative treatment with microwaves or ultrasound modified the sensory profile of the wines, the application of such energies during the ageing phase showed some pos. trends at sensory level, also confirmed by the olfactometric measurements. The application of ultrasound during the ageing of the wines resulted in a greater contribution of red fruits, aromatic intensity and wood than that obtained through microwaves. Regarding the type of oak chips, Spanish oak provided more volatile compounds than French oak and with a lower proportion of undesirable aromas. At the sensory level, Spanish oak also showed greater aromatic intensity and higher values for the wood descriptor, being preferred by the panel of judges.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Aging, animal. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Quality Control of 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shestakova, Pavletta published the artcileHybrid catalyst with combined Lewis and Bronsted acidity based on ZrIV substituted polyoxometalate grafted on mesoporous MCM-41 silica for esterification of renewable levulinic acid, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is Lewis acidity Zr polyoxometalate mesoporous zeolite esterification catalyst; Bronsted acidity Zr polyoxometalate mesoporous zeolite esterification.

Materials which synergistically combine Lewis and Bronsted acid properties hold potential for applications as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for preparation of biofuels and biolubricants. Herein we report new heterogeneous catalysts based on grafting the intact Lewis metal (ZrIV) substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (POM) on mesoporous silica support. A new approach for immobilization of the POM in MCM-41 silica was developed by co-condensation of Si source (tetra-Et orthosilicate, TEOS) with POM salt in the presence of a template mol. as an alternative to the commonly used acidic POM form and impregnation procedure for catalyst preparation The proposed synthesis method in combination with extraction of the template proceeded with preservation of the intact POM structure and resulted in hybrid catalysts with in situ generated Bronsted acid sites in addition to the Lewis acidity provided by the metal centers. Textural properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Insight into POM stability and structural transformations during synthesis, template removal and impregnation was provided by solid state 31P and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Catalytic activity was studied in esterification reactions of levulinic acid with ethanol or octanol to value-added esters. The directly synthesized POM-functionalized hybrid catalysts exceeded the post synthesis impregnated ones, demonstrating significantly higher catalytic activity, recyclability and resistance against leaching. The proposed approach for immobilization of Lewis metal POMs in MCM-41 silica framework with in situ generation of the active Bronsted acid sites opens prospects for the development of efficient hybrid catalysts for esterification reaction, which overcomes the main limitations of common POM based catalysts such as low stability of the acid sites during the synthesis and the catalytic reaction, low surface area, agglomeration of the catalytically active phase and low stability of the Lewis metal center in presence of water.

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials published new progress about Agglomeration. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Patil, Chetana R. published the artcileSingle-Pot Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to Alkyl Levulinates Using Heterogenized p-TSA Catalyst, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is furfuryl alc alkyl levulinate toluene sulfonic acid catalyst alcoholysis.

Synthesis of levulinate esters which are known to be excellent sustainable fuel additives, was achieved by alcoholysis of furfuryl alc. over strong solid acid catalyst, prepared by copolymerization of p-toluenesulfonic acid with paraformaldehyde. Our catalyst possessed Broensted acidity (3 mmol/g) with an excellent stability up to 220 °C. XPS, FT-IR and Pyridine-IR along with microanal. studies confirmed the presence of terminal -SO3H functional groups responsible for Broensted acidity in the catalyst. The catalyst was found to efficiently catalyze the alcoholysis of furfuryl alc. to give alkyl levulinates under mild reaction conditions. The complete conversion of furfuryl alc. with 96% and 97% selectivities to Et and Bu levulinates could be achieved using ethanol and butanol, resp. Detailed study on effect of various reaction parameters like catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature on conversion and product distribution was also carried out for the ethanolysis of furfuryl alc. to Et levulinate. The catalyst could be easily recovered and recycled for five times successfully, with no loss in its original activity.

ChemistrySelect published new progress about Agglomeration. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gupta, Abhishek published the artcileMosquito Olfactory Response Ensemble enables pattern discovery by curating a behavioral and electrophysiological response database, Quality Control of 5405-41-4, the main research area is biol computer science application entomol neuroscience; Biological sciences; Computer science applications; Entomology; Neuroscience.

Many exptl. studies have examined behavioral and electrophysiol. responses of mosquitoes to odors. However, the differences across studies in data collection, processing, and reporting make it difficult to perform large-scale anal. combining data from multiple studies. Here we extract and standardize data for 12 mosquito species, along with Drosophila melanogaster for comparison, from over 170 studies and curate the Mosquito Olfactory Response Ensemble (MORE), publicly available at https://neuralsystems.github.io/MORE. We demonstrate the ability of MORE in generating biol. insights by finding patterns across studies. Our anal. reveal that ORs are tuned to specific ranges of several physicochem. properties of odorants; the empty-neuron recording technique for measuring OR responses is more sensitive than the Xenopus oocyte technique; there are systematic differences in the behavioral preferences reported by different types of assays; and odorants tend to become less attractive or more aversive at higher concentrations

iScience published new progress about Aedes aegypti. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Quality Control of 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sukkanon, Chutipong published the artcileCananga odorata (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) essential oil produces significant avoidance behavior in mosquitoes, Quality Control of 140-11-4, the main research area is Cananga essential oil repellent Culex Aedes Anopheles; Aedes ; Culex ; excito-repellency ; Anopheles; repellent.

Essential oil of Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Tomson is a source of insect repellent, but contact irritancy and noncontact repellency actions that stimulate insect’s avoidance behavior (escape away from chem. source after direct phys. contact or without making phys. contact, resp.) have not been investigated. Therefore, an excito-repellency test chamber was used for measuring avoidance behavior of four insectary-reared mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) that escape from esposure to four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% volume/volume) of C. odorata oil. The oil strongly repelled both Culex quinquefasciatus Say (85-97% escape) and Anopheles minimus Theobald (97-99%) at high concentrations (2.5-5.0%). For Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison and Aedes aegypti (L.), highest repellency (64 and 39% escape, resp.) was demonstrated at 2.5% concentration For contact irritancy, the oil produced relatively high percent escape found in Cx. quinquefasciatus (90-100% escape) and An. minimus (83-100%). Whereas moderate contact irritancy was observed against An. dirus (40-50% escape) and Ae. aegypti (51-59%). The percent escape was then adjusted with repellency to estimate the effect of contact irritancy alone. We found that highest contact irritancy was presented at 0.5% concentration against An. minimus (67% escape). Knockdown and toxic actions were only found in Anopheles mosquitoes at 5.0% concentration The results revealed that An. minimus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were more prone to be repelled by C. odorata oil. Detailed anal. of oil identified primary compounds as Me benzoate (14.6%), α-gurjunene (12.8%), p-methyl-anisole (11.3%), and benzyl acetate (9.9%). Further investigations are needed to assess excito-repellency actions of these compounds alone or in combination.

Journal of Medical Entomology published new progress about Aedes aegypti. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Quality Control of 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chuang, Lu-Te published the artcileIn vitro and in vivo screening of wild bitter melon leaf for anti-inflammatory activity against cutibacterium acnes, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Momordica Cutibacterium leaf antiinflammatory; Cutibacterium acnes; anti-inflammation; wild bitter melon (WBM); β-ionone.

In this study, we examined the suppressive effect of a methanolic extract (ME) of WBM leaf and fractionated components thereof on live C. acnes-induced in vitro and in vivo inflammation. Using a bioassay-monitored isolation approach and a combination of liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatog., the ME was then separated into n-hexane, Et acetate, n-butanol and water-soluble fractions. The hexane fraction exerted the most potent anti-inflammatory effect, suppressing C. acnes-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by 36%. The ethanol-soluble fraction (ESF), which was separated from the n-hexane fraction, significantly inhibited C. acnes-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated cellular IL-8 production Similarly, the ESF protected against C. acnes-stimulated mouse ear swelling, as measured by ear thickness (20%) and biopsy weight (23%). Twenty-four compounds in the ESF were identified using gas chromatograph-mass spectrum (GC/MS) anal. Using co-cultures of C. acnes and THP-1 cells, β-ionone, a compound of the ESF, reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-8 up to 40% and 18%, resp. β-ionone also reduced epidermal microabscess, neutrophilic infiltration and IL-1β expression in mouse ear. We also found evidence of the presence of anti-inflammatory substances in an unfractionated phenolic extract of WBM leaf, and demonstrated that the ESF is a potential anti-inflammatory agent for modulating in vitro and in vivo C. acnes-induced inflammatory responses.

Molecules published new progress about Acne vulgaris. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics