Month: December 2022

Gao, Xiaomin published the artcileCucumber Fusarium wilt resistance induced by intercropping with celery differs from that induced by the cucumber genotype and is related to sulfur-containing allelochemicals, Application In Synthesis of 142-90-5, the main research area is transcriptomic intercropping celery genotype allelochem fusarium wilt resistance cucumber.

Fusarium wilt is a serious soil-borne disease for cucumber production; however, intercropping with celery and using resistant cultivars could alleviate this problem. The aims of the study were to verify whether cucumber Fusarium wilt resistance induced by intercropping with celery differs from that induced by the cucumber genotype and whether celery synthesizes organosulfur allelochems. to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). First, biochem. and transcriptome analyses were performed for the roots of two cucumber cultivars during the response to Foc infection in a monoculture system and cucumber/celery intercropping system, and the results indicated that the Fusarium wilt-resistant cucumber cultivar and cucumber intercropped with celery resulted in different immune responses against Foc inoculation. Then, the possible allelochems. in the fresh root and rhizosphere soil of celery were extracted with acetone, separated and purified by chromatog. four times and cocultured with Foc in vitro. Three organosulfur compounds, namely, thioglycolic acid, propanethiol and iso-Pr isothiocyanate, were identified from the chromatog. fractions, with the highest inhibition on Foc in the fourth chromatog. by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. All these compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on Foc, but thioglycolic acid showed stronger inhibition than the other two compounds and completely inhibited the growth of Foc colonies at concentrations of 50-100μmol L-1. The information obtained will permit new management practices that prevent and control cucumber Fusarium wilt.

Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Allelopathy. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Application In Synthesis of 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oishi, Masataka published the artcileRing-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Initiated by Multinuclear Aluminum Methanetris(aryloxido) Complexes, HPLC of Formula: 5405-41-4, the main research area is aluminum methanetrisaryloxido ring opening polymerization initiator equilibrium stabilization; crystal structure mol aluminum methanetrisaryloxido complex preparation optimized conformation.

Dinuclear aluminum complexes (2a-/2b-THF) supported by a methanetris(aryloxide) were synthesized by dealumination of the corresponding trinuclear aluminum complexes (1a and 1b) in THF solvent. Treatment of methylaluminum derivatives 1a and 2a-THF with one equivalent of benzyl alc. led to the formation of monobenzyloxides 3a and 4a with no nuclearity change, resp. Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone by these multinuclear aluminum complexes were studied, and good polymerization activity and mol. weight control were observed when 4a was employed as the initiator. During the ROP, the three aryloxide moieties of the supporting ligand were observed to be equivalent by 1H NMR spectroscopy, reflecting the rapid equilibrium of coordination between Al2 centers and a Lewis base. Ester-tethered alkoxides 6-9 were synthesized and structurally characterized. On the basis of the ester adduct structures, both syn- and anti-CL adducts of methoxide 10 were probed using DFT calculation Kinetic study for the 4a-initiated ROP was performed and revealed that the rate-determining step is switched by polymerization conditions. These results suggest that the two aluminum centers in the active Al2 species cooperatively work as a coordination site toward Lewis bases such as CL and as a stabilization site for the insertion of an alkoxide terminus.

Organometallics published new progress about Alcoholysis. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Mengzhu published the artcileCascade conversion of furfural to fuel bioadditive ethyl levulinate over bifunctional zirconium-based catalysts, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is furfural ethyl levulinate zirconium fuel bioadditive catalyst.

Biomass-derived Et levulinate (EL) is currently deemed as a promising fuel bioadditive to improve (bio)diesel combustion performance without the sacrifice of its octane number In this contribution, a range of Zr-Al bimetallic catalysts were prepared for the cascade conversion of furfural to EL by the integration of transfer hydrogenation and ethanolysis in ethanol. The ratio of Lewis to Bronsted acid sites (L/B) could be tuned by the ratio of Al2O3 to ZrO2 over SBA-15 support. Among these catalysts, Zr-Al/SBA-15(30:10) with appropriate L/B ratio of 2.25 exhibited an outstanding catalytic performance to give a furfural (FF) conversion up to 92.8% with a EL selectivity as high as 71.4% at 453 K in 3 h.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Zhan-Ku published the artcilePretreatment of sweet sorghum stalk with aqueous hydrogen peroxide for enhancing methanolysis and property of the bio-oil, Application of Methyl octanoate, the main research area is hydrogen peroxide sweet sorghum stalk methanolysis bio oil property.

Alcoholysis is a promising approach for converting biomass into fuels and/or chems. under mild conditions. However, the effect of pretreatment on biomass alcoholysis was rarely reported. Herein, the effect of pretreatment with H2O2 on sweet sorghum stalk (SSS) methanolysis was examined The results show that the pretreatment could markedly improve the bio-oil (BO) yield and decrease the appropriate temperature for obtaining maximum BO yield. The appropriate temperature for pretreated SSS methanolysis was determined to be 280 °C and the maximum BO yield is 44 wt%. In addition, higher heating values of the BOs were also enhanced based on elemental anal. According to anal. with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, phenolic compounds, esters, and sugars are predominant in the BOs, and the yield of phenolic compounds significantly increased from 91.75 to 111.68 mg·g-1 by the pretreatment. Moreover, polar species in the BOs decreased and deoxygenation occurred during pretreated SSS methanolysis. Analyses with scanning electron microscope and N2 physisorption reveal that pretreated SSS has more grooves and higher sp. surface area and anomalous porosity than SSS. According to analyses with Fourier transform IR spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, oxygen functional groups mainly in the forms of C=O and COO were introduced into SSS by the pretreatment. The changes of phys. and chem. structures should be responsible for enhancing SSS methanolysis and property of the BO.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Alcoholysis. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Application of Methyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, Kangyu published the artcileHighly efficient one-step conversion of fructose to biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural using a UIO-66-SO3H catalyst, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is fructose biofuel ethoxymethylfurfural sulfonic acid functionalized UIO MOF catalyst; 5-ethoxymethylfurfural; biomass; catalysis; fructose; one-step conversion.

In this study, a novel sulfonic acid-modified catalyst for MOFs (UIO-66-SO3H) was synthesized using chlorosulfonic acid as a sulfonating reagent and first used as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the one-pot conversion of fructose into biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) in a cosolventfree system. The physicochem. properties of this catalyst were characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization demonstrated that the sulfonic acid group was successfully grafted onto the MOF material and did not cause significant changes to its morphol. and structure. Furthermore, the effects of catalyst acid amount, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dosage on reaction results were investigated. The results showed that the conversion of fructose was 99.7% within 1 h at 140°C, while the EMF yield reached 80.4%. This work provides a viable strategy by application of sulfonic acid-based MOFs for the efficient synthesis of potential liquid fuel EMF from renewable biomass.

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Shijie published the artcileExperimental and theoretical studies on glucose conversion in ethanol solution to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and ethyl levulinate catalyzed by a Bronsted acid, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is Bronsted acid catalyzed glucose ethoxymethylfurfural ethyl levulinate.

The fundamental understanding of glucose conversion to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and Et levulinate (EL) (value-added chems. from biomass) in ethanol solution catalyzed by a Bronsted acid is limited at present. Consequently, here, the reaction pathways and mechanism of glucose conversion to EMF and EL catalyzed by a Bronsted acid were studied, using an exptl. method and quantum chem. calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(D) and B2PLYPD3/Def2TZVP level under a polarized continuum model (PCM-SMD). By further verification through GC/MS tests, the mechanism and reaction pathways of glucose conversion in ethanol solution catalyzed by a Bronsted acid were revealed, showing that glucose is catalyzed by proton and ethanol, and ethanol plays a bridging role in the process of proton transfer. There are three main reaction pathways: through glucose and Et glucoside (G/EG), through fructose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), and EL (G/F/H/L/EL), and through fructose, HMF, EMF, and EL (G/F/H/E/EL). The G/F/H/E/EL pathway with an energy barrier of 20.8 kcal mol-1 is considered as the thermodn. and kinetics primary way, in which the reaction rate of this is highly related to the proton transfer in the isomerization of glucose to fructose. The intermediate HMF was formed from O5 via a ring-opening reaction and by the dehydration of fructose, and was further converted to the main product of EMF by etherification or by LA through hydrolysis. EMF and LA are both unstable, and can partially be transformed to EL. This study is beneficial for the insights aiding the understanding of the process and products controlling biomass conversion in ethanol solution

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quereshi, Shireen published the artcileInsights into Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural and Ethyl Levulinate Using Tungsten Disulfide as a Catalyst, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is ethoxymethylfurfural ethyl levulinate tungsten disulfide catalyst.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and Et levulinate (EL) in the presence of tungsten disulfide has been studied for the first time. The catalyst was synthesized at 600°C in a tubular furnace using elemental tungsten and sulfur to obtain multilayered flakes/sheets of WS2. The textural and morphol. properties of the synthesized WS2 catalyst were characterized using XRD, Raman, SEM, SEM-EDX, TEM, TEM-EDX, HR-TEM, SAED, and surface area analyzer, which showed the formation of multiple two-dimensional layers of sheet/flake-type structure. Activity test of the catalyst in a microwave-assisted reaction resulted in 100% fructose conversion and 62% EMF yield for the experiment performed at 160°C temperature in 15 min. A qual. anal. of the product samples using GC-MS spectrometry showed the presence of several intermediates and byproducts based on which a mechanistic insight into the production of EMF from fructose has been proposed. Application of tungsten disulfide has been explored for the sustainable production of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and Et levulinate from biorenewable resources.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ma, Yan published the artcileDirectional liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for value added monosaccharides and aromatic compounds, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is lignocellulosic biomass liquefaction monosaccharide aromatic compound.

Using lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for sustainable production of platform mols. is of great significance. We examined the directional liquefaction coupled with efficient stepwise fractionation of bamboo biomass into two groups of chems.: monosaccharides and aromatic products. When sulfuric acid was used as the catalyst, a conversion of 70% was achieved with a 40% yield of monosaccharides and a 20% yield of aromatics were obtained at 180°C for 30 min when the catalyst loading was 3.0% per 6.0 g bamboo. The production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), Et levulinate (EL) and furfural was analyzed in terms of byproducts formation. Due to similar physiochem. properties in each fraction, the platform mols. could broaden a new paradigm of bamboo biomass utilization for renewable energy and value-added biochems.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Frigo, Stefano published the artcileUtilisation of advanced biofuel in CI internal combustion engine, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is advanced biofuel internal combustion engine compression ignition utilization.

In recent years, biofuels have been attracting more attention, especially in Europe, due to the new regulations concerning the improvement of renewables in fuel composition The acid-catalyzed alcoholysis reaction of the cellulosic fraction of raw and pre-treated lignocellulosic biomasses, using n-Butanol (n-BuOH) and diluted inorganic acid as homogeneous catalyst, produces a mixture mainly composed by Bu Levulinate (BL) from cellulose, Di-Bu ether (DBE) from n-BuOH etherification and unreacted n-BuOH. This last can be then separated and recycled, so increasing the sustainability of the whole process. BL is directly obtained from cellulosic fraction of not edible biomass and represents a promising advanced biofuel. Therefore, in the different types of blends containing the main products obtainable from the one-pot alcoholysis of lignocellulosic biomasses, BL represents the effective renewable component of the fuel. In this work, different blends of BL/DBE mixed with Diesel fuel were tested in a small single-cylinder air-cooled Diesel engine with direct injection. Data concerning the measurement of pollutant emission, engine performance and combustion characteristics are reported. The mixtures were prepared by using com. reactants, characterized by compositions analogous to those of the reaction mixtures The obtained results evidenced the potentiality of these novel blending mixtures to reduce the emissions of particulate without any increasing of NOx emission or changing in engine power and efficiency.

Fuel published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rashed, Nurnobi Md. published the artcileDirect Phenolysis Reactions of Unactivated Amides into Phenolic Esters Promoted by a Heterogeneous CeO2 Catalyst, Synthetic Route of 140-11-4, the main research area is phenolic ester preparation solvent free; amide aliphatic aromatic alc direct phenolysis CeO2 catalyst; acid-base cooperation; heterogeneous catalysts; phenolic esters; phenolysis; unactivated amides.

The direct catalytic esterification of amides that leads to the construction of C-O bonds through the cleavage of amide C-N bonds is a highly attractive strategy in organic synthesis. While aliphatic and aromatic alcs. can be readily used for the alcoholysis of activated and unactivated amides, the introduction of phenols is more challenging due to their lower nucleophilicity in the phenolysis of unactivated amides. Herein, phenols can be used for the phenolysis of unactivated amides into the corresponding phenolic esters using a simple heterogenous catalytic system based on CeO2 under additive-free reaction conditions was demonstrated. The method tolerates a broad variety of functional groups (>50 examples) in the substrates. Results of kinetic studies afforded mechanistic insights into the principles governing this reaction, suggesting that the cooperative effects of the acid-base functions of catalysts would be of paramount importance for the efficient progression of the C-N bond breaking process, and consequently, CeO2 showed the best catalytic performance among the catalysts explored.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about Alcoholysis. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Synthetic Route of 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics