Month: December 2022

RAFT Polymerization of S-Vinyl Sulfide Derivatives and Synthesis of Block Copolymers Having Two Distinct Optoelectronic Functionalities was written by Nakabayashi, Kazuhiro;Abiko, Yohei;Mori, Hideharu. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2013.Formula: C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

Well-defined sulfur-containing polymers and block copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of S-vinyl sulfide derivatives, in which the thioether moiety is directly connected to the vinyl group. We initially investigated RAFT polymerization of four different S-vinyl sulfide derivatives, Ph vinyl sulfide (PVS), 4-chlorophenyl vinyl sulfide (CPVS), 2,4-dichlorophenyl vinyl sulfide (DCPVS), and 4-bromophenyl vinyl sulfide (BPVS). Three xanthate-type chain transfer agents (CTAs), a dithiocarbamate-type CTA, and a dithioester-type CTA were compared for these RAFT polymerizations Reasonable control of the polymerization of PVS was confirmed by an observed linear increase in the mol. weight with the conversion, feasibility to control mol. weight based on the ratio of monomer consumed to the amount of CTA used, chain end structure determined by ¹H NMR, and chain extension experiment The RAFT polymerization of the bromo-substituted monomer (BPVS) also proceeded in the controlled fashion under the same conditions. Incorporation of optoelectronic groups, including anthracene, fluorene, diphenylamine, and phenothiazine on the bromophenyl pendant group of poly(BPVS) were accomplished by palladium-catalyzed postmodifications. We also investigated characteristic optoelectronic properties of modified polymers and block copolymers with two distinct electronic functionalities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Formula: C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An Inexpensive Air-Stable Titanium-Based System for the Conversion of Esters to Primary Alcohols was written by Reding, Matthew T.;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1995.Quality Control of Methyl 2-thienylacetate This article mentions the following:

Polymethylhydrosiloxane, when combined with titanium(IV) isopropoxide, provides a convenient system for the conversion of esters to the corresponding primary alcs. in the presence of a wide range of functional groups. Reactions are carried out as mixtures of the neat reaction components; workup with aqueous alk. THF affords primary alcs. in good to excellent yields. The system tolerates primary alkyl bromides and iodides, olefins, epoxides, and alkynes. Steric differentiation of Me and tert-Bu esters is also possible. The results observed in the parent and related reactions argue against pathways involving Lewis-acid catalysis and anionic hydridosilicate-mediated reductions, and instead support a neutral titanium hydride complex or strongly associated titanium/silane complex as the active reducing agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Quality Control of Methyl 2-thienylacetate).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Methyl 2-thienylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inter-Tree Variation in the Chemical Composition of Boswellia papyrifera Oleo-Gum-Resin was written by DeCarlo, Anjanette;Agieb, Salah;Johnson, Stephen;Satyal, Prabodh;Setzer, William N.. And the article was included in Natural Product Communications in 2022.COA of Formula: C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Frankincense is a fragrant resin produced by Boswellia species, and has been used for centuries as a perfume, medicine, and incense, and is an important cosmetic and therapeutic product today. A number of studies have been conducted on the resin essential oils, but many have used com. sources outside of the country of origin, leading to potential taxonomic confusion or misidentification. Individual Boswellia papyrifera resin samples were each obtained directly from 11 individual trees in Sudan, hydrodistd., the volatile phytochems. determined by gas chromatog. methods, and the chem. compositions subjected to cluster anal. All samples were very similar, with high levels of octyl acetate (49.5%-81.0%) and octanol (6.5%-13.7%), and varying levels of diterpenoids (6.6%-32.7%). The cluster anal. indicated 3 highly similar groups, defined by (1) relatively higher levels of octyl acetate (58.9%-81.0%), but with low levels of diterpenoids (6.6%-18.6%); (2) relatively lower levels of octyl acetate (49.5%-61.3%), but with a higher proportion of diterpenoids (19.0%-22.8%); and (3) with octyl acetate (51.6%) and diterpenoids (32.7%). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3COA of Formula: C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Unified and Desymmetric Approach to Chiral Tertiary Alkyl Halides was written by Zheng, Yin;Zhang, Suihan;Low, Kam-Hung;Zi, Weiwei;Huang, Zhongxing. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Computed Properties of C10H11FO2 This article mentions the following:

A suite of dinuclear zinc catalysts with a prolinol- or pipecolinol-derived tetradentate ligand reductively desymmetrized a large collection of easily available halomalonic esters to α-halo-β-hydroxyesters were reported. These polyfunctionalized tertiary alkyl fluorides, chlorides, and bromides proved to be useful intermediates toward fluorinated drug analogs and polyhalogenated monoterpenes. The facile intramol. epoxidation of the chiral chloride and bromide products was enabled an expeditious access to natural products containing tertiary alc. motifs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Computed Properties of C10H11FO2).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C10H11FO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterisation of the chocolate aroma in roast jackfruit seeds was written by Spada, Fernanda Papa;Balagiannis, Dimitrios P.;Purgatto, Eduardo;do Alencar, Severino Matias;Canniatti-Brazaca, Solange Guidolin;Parker, Jane K.. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2021.Name: Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate This article mentions the following:

The seeds of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) are an abundant waste-stream in Brazil and a potential source of chocolate aroma. The aim of the study was to characterize the aroma compounds in flours prepared from the roasted jackfruit seeds and compare them with a typical Brazilian cocoa powder. Jackfruits seeds were either left untreated, acidified or fermented before drying and roasting. The volatiles were extracted using solid phase micro extraction or solid phase extraction and analyzed by gas chromatog. mass spectrometry. The most odor-active volatiles were identified by GC-Olfactometry. Most of the compounds known to be odor-active character impact compounds in cocoa products were also found in the jackfruit seed flours, however, the jackfruit seeds produced many addnl. pyrazines, some of which were responsible for the characteristic earthy “roasted jackfruit seed” aroma. The fermented sample had the most similar aroma profile to cocoa powder. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Name: Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Name: Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical composition, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Haloxylon scoparium extracts was written by Haida, S.;Kribii, A.. And the article was included in South African Journal of Botany in 2020.Application In Synthesis of malonic acid dibutyl ester This article mentions the following:

This work is part of the valorization of the Haloxylon scoparium plant, belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family and native to southeastern of Morocco. The aim of the present work is to study the chem. composition of this plant, to estimate the phenolic compounds contents of its extracts and to evaluate their antioxidant powers. After extraction by maceration of the aerial and root part of Haloxylon scoparium, the extracts obtained are fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using solvents of different polarities. The best extraction yield is obtained in the aerial part 23.54% against 10.99% for the root part. The anal. carried out by the coupling of gas chromatog. with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) shows that the root part contains mainly carbohydrates, however the aerial part consists mainly of alkaloids. The total polyphenol content obtained in the root part 69.86 mg/gEAG (mg/g of gallic acid) is significantly higher than that in the aerial part 56.79 mg/g EAG. The hydrolysable tannins are the predominant polyphenols of the root part of Haloxylon scoparium corresponding to 83.87 mg/g EAT (mg/g of tannic acid). The antioxidant activity of the various extracts obtained is evaluated by two methods: the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging test and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The examination of the inhibitory concentration values shows that the butanolic extract of the root part is the most active with values of IC₅₀ = 0.06 mg/mL and IC_0.5 = 0.19 mg/mL resp. for the DPPH and FRAP tests. The other extracts also showed a very interesting potential as antioxidants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Application In Synthesis of malonic acid dibutyl ester).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of malonic acid dibutyl ester

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Contents and compositions of the aroma in “Wasanbon” sugar was written by Matsui, Toshiyuki;Kitaoka, Shozaburo. And the article was included in Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology in 1981.Recommanded Product: 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

Wasanbon sugar which is handmade sugar manufactured traditionally in Japan by a unique refining procedure, is used in the making of Japanese traditional confectionery. The contents and compositions of the aroma in Wasanbon sugar and refinery final molasses were determined by column chromatog., gas chromatog., mass spectrometry, and sensory evaluation. The samples are the first press-off molasses (Ara-mitsu molasses), refinery final molasses, Shiroshita sugar (pre-refined sugar), and Wasanbon sugar. In the acidic fraction, the aroma of 3-phenylpropionic acid  [501-52-0] was similar to the stored aroma of Wasanbon sugar, whereas the aroma of its Me ester [103-25-3] was not. Aroma substance content of the weakly acidic fraction in Wasanbon sugar and refinery final molasses were 8.5 – 8.7% of those of the acidic fraction, and their main components were cyclotene  [80-71-7] and maltol,  [118-71-8] formed by thermal degradation of sugar. These components had higher aroma scores than other weakly acidic fraction aromas, by a paired preference test. Cyclotene and maltol increased about 3.7 and 1.5 times, resp., during heating of Shiroshita sugar. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Recommanded Product: 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A novel method for the preparation of acid-sensitive epoxides from olefins with the combined use of molecular oxygen and an aldoacetal catalyzed by a cobalt(II) complex was written by Yorozu, Kiyotaka;Takai, Toshihiro;Yamada, Tohru;Mukaiyama, Teruaki. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 1994.Related Products of 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

An efficient synthesis of acid-sensitive epoxides, such as chromene oxide or the epoxide of an γ,δ-unsaturated alc., was successfully achieved by the oxygenation of olefins with the combined use of 1 atm of O₂ and an aldehyde acetal catalyzed by a cobalt(II) complex containing a 1,3-diketone ligand. The reactions proceeded under mild and neutral conditions, and the desired epoxides were obtained in good yields. Neither overoxidn. nor decomposition of the epoxide was observed Furthermore, various silyl enol ethers and silyl ketene acetals, acid-sensitive compounds, were also smoothly monooxygenated to the corresponding α-hydroxy ketones and α-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Related Products of 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploring anomeric glycosylation of phosphoric acid: Optimization and scope for non-native substrates was written by Beswick, Laura;Ahmadipour, Sanaz;Hofman, Gert-Jan;Wootton, Hannah;Dimitriou, Eleni;Reynisson, Johannes;Field, Robert A.;Linclau, Bruno;Miller, Gavin J.. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Research in 2020.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate This article mentions the following:

An improved access to glycosyl 1-phosphates has been developed,formed using a melt of an acetylated precursor with H₃PO₄ under high vacuum. Through preparation of the reaction components in a glove box and reducing the reaction temperature and equivalent of H₃PO₄, small scale access to the preparation of native and non-native glycosyl 1-phosphates in good yields and with facile purification is enabled. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization and Synergistic Effect of Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by the Geotrichum candidum PF005, an Endophytic Fungus from the Eggplant was written by Mookherjee, Abhirup;Bera, Paramita;Mitra, Adinpunya;Maiti, Mrinal K.. And the article was included in Microbial Ecology in 2018.Synthetic Route of C10H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Plant-associated endophytes are recognized as sources of novel bioactive mols. having diverse applications. In this study, an endophytic yeast-like fungal strain was isolated from the fruit of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and identified as Geotrichum candidum through phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. This endophytic G. candidum isolate PF005 was found to emit fruity scented volatiles. The compositional profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) revealed the presence of 3-methyl-1-butanol, Et 3-methylbutanoate, 2-phenylethanol, isopentyl acetate, naphthalene, and iso-Bu acetate in significant proportion when analyzed on a time-course basis. The VOCs from G. candidum exhibited significant mycelial growth inhibition (54%) of phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, besides having mild antifungal activity against a few other fungi. The source of carbon as a nutrient was found to be an important factor for the enhanced biosynthesis of antifungal VOCs. The antifungal activity against phytopathogen R. solani was improved up to 91% by feeding the G. candidum with selective precursors of alc. and ester volatiles. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of VOCs was enhanced synergistically up to 92% upon the exogenous addition of naphthalene (1.0 mg/plate). This is the first report of G. candidum as an endophyte emitting antifungal VOCs, wherein 2-penylethanol, isopentyl acetate, and naphthalene were identified as important contributors to its antifungal activity. Possible utilization of G. candidum PF005 as a mycofumigant has been discussed based upon its antifungal activity and the qualified presumption of safety status. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Synthetic Route of C10H20O2).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Synthetic Route of C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics