da Silva, Evellyn Patricia Santos published the artcileInvestigation of solvent-free esterification of levulinic acid in the presence of tin(IV) complexes, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is tin complex catalyst levulinic acid solvent free esterification.
In this study, for the first time, the use of dibutyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2), dimethyltin dichloride (Me2SnCl2), butyltin trichloride (BuSnCl3) and Bu stannoic acid (BuSnO(OH)) as catalysts in the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) was investigated through a comparison with reactions performed without the use of a catalyst. The most active system (BuSnCl3) led to 93% conversion of LA in 360 min at 110°C with an LA:EtOH:CAT molar ratio of 1:5:0.01. The apparent rate constants (kap) for LA conversion confirm these results, and values of 6.2 × 10-3, 12.5 × 10-3 and 19.4 × 10-3 min-1 were obtained at 70, 90 and 110°C, resp. The activation energy for LA conversion was determined employing BuSnCl3 and the value was 31.2 kJ mol-1.
Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Activation energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics