Pd(II)-catalyzed acetalization of terminal olefins with electron-withdrawing groups in supercritical carbon dioxide: selective control and mechanism was written by Wang, Zhao-Yang;Jiang, Huan-Feng;Ouyang, Xiao-Yue;Qi, Chao-Rong;Yang, Shao-Rong. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2006.Safety of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Pd(II)-catalyzed acetalization of terminal olefins with electron-withdrawing groups was carried out smoothly in supercritical CO2 under O atm. when polystyrene-supported benzoquinone (PS-BQ) or CuII (CuI) chloride was employed as cocatalyst. The higher selectivity was achieved, without any chlorinated byproduct detected, when using PS-BQ instead of CuII (or CuI) chloride. PS-BQ could be recycled with excellent catalytic activity remaining after each simple filtration. Cl ion is a promoter. The different acetalization mechanisms were revealed by the subtle relation of Cl ion and benzoquinone (BQ) to the catalytic activity of PdCl2/PS-BQ, PdII-CuCl2 or Pd(OAc)2/PS-BQ. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Safety of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).
Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics