Month: November 2022

Polymeric protective coatings for MEMS wet-etch processes was written by Ruben, Kimberly A.;Flaim, Tony D.;Li, Chenghong. And the article was included in Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering in 2004.Reference of 763-69-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Microelectromech. systems (MEMS) device manufacturers today are faced with the challenge of protecting electronic circuitry and other sensitive device structures during deep Si wet-etch processes. Etch processes of this nature require prolonged exposure of the device to harsh corrosive mixtures of aqueous acids and bases at higher than ambient temperatures A need exists for a spin-applied polymeric coating to prevent the exposure of such circuitry against the corrosive etchants. The challenge exists in developing protective coatings that will not decompose or dissolve in the etchants during the etch process. Such coatings require superior adhesion to the substrate without destroying the sensitive features below. Brewer Science, Inc., has developed a multilayer coating system for basic etchants which is compatible with a variety of semiconductor materials and offers protection against concentrated KOH etchants at prolonged exposure times of >8 h. In addition, a 2nd multilayer coating system is being developed for use with strong HF and other various mixed acid etchants (MAEs) for exposures of 30 min or longer. These materials are specifically designed to protect circuitry subjected to concentrated MAEs during the wafer thinning processes used by MEMS device manufacturers. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Reference of 763-69-9).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 763-69-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The role of the polar head group and aliphatic tail in the self-assembly of low molecular weight molecules in oil was written by Golodnizky, Daniel;Rosen-Kligvasser, Jasmine;Davidovich-Pinhas, Maya. And the article was included in Food Structure in 2021.Related Products of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The current research explores the involvement of head group size, chem. group type, and aliphatic tail in the mol. self-assembly of various oil structuring agents with similar 18-carbon aliphatic chains and hydroxyl, carbonyl, and/or carboxyl groups, in canola oil. Thermal and mech. analyses at different molar concentrations emphasized the involvement of van der Waals (vdW) interactions and hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in the self-assembly process. Higher contribution of vdW-forces in the self-assembly was observed when increasing mol. concentration from medium to high. The presence of H-bonds corresponding with organized crystal structures was detected in samples containing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups using nano-structure anal. Absence of such groups led to ordered organization only at high concentrations, implying the involvement of vdW interactions. Polarized images demonstrated curved structures for long head group mols., implying the formation of intermol. H-bonds with neighboring mols. leading to structure curvature. The current results provide exptl. indication to involvement of different forces, i.e. H-bonds and vdW, in the mol. self-assembly of oil structuring agents in oil which can be further exploit while developing new oleogel system based on low mol. weight gelators. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Related Products of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical profiling and cytotoxic activity of 150-year old original sample of Jerusalem Balsam was written by Lyczko, Jacek;Pawlak, Aleksandra;Augustynski, Iwo;Okinczyc, Piotr;Szperlik, Jakub;Kulma, Anna;Rozanski, Henryk;Obminska-Mrukowicz, Bozena;Szumny, Antoni. And the article was included in Food and Chemical Toxicology in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Herbal formulations have been used in ethnomedicine and pharmacy around the world for thousands of years. One of them is Jerusalem Balsam (JB), which came into use in the seventeenth century. Today, people still produce and use it regularly as prophylactic supplement. JB has been widely used in Europe since the nineteenth century, as a remedy possessing antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. The composition of the product was not known, although possible formulations were reported. In this study the original sample, which dated back to 1870, was investigated for chem. composition and cytotoxic activity. The obtained results were compared with results from more recently produced samples. Several tests were carried out, namely GC-MS, UPLC-PDA-Q-TOF-MS and MTT. Only the 150-yr old sample showed a significant cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines. At a concentration of 125μg/mL after 72 h of incubation, the original sample inhibited almost 90% of cell metabolic activity, while contemporary samples showed none or little activity. None of the tested samples showed a significant impact on normal cells. These results may be attributed to the activities of benzoic acid and its derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, vanillin, group of sesquiterpenes and cembrene. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Value-added products from waste plastics using dissolution technique was written by Chaudhary, Amita;Dave, Mohit;Upadhyay, Darshit S.. And the article was included in Materials Today: Proceedings in 2022.Formula: C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Non-biodegradable plastics polymers, such as low-d. polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are non-biodegradable and release toxic gases into the environment on combustion and after long use. This study includes the screening of a series of organic solvents for solubility parameters of LDPE and PS. The karanja biodiesel is also used as one of the solvents for the dissolution of plastics. In order to decide the best solvent to be used for the dissolution of plastic polymer, rate of dissolution, safety aspect, and cost of the solvent were considered. The solubility factor of LDPE and PS is found to be much closed to acetone, chlorobenzene, and karanja biodiesel. Out of them, karanja biodiesel is considered due to its environment friendly behavior. The output of the study is with three value-added products as high heating value fuel, good composite for low-d. cement, and an oil-adsorbent. The dissolution products obtained are chem. analyzed using FTIR and GC-MS techniques to elucidate their composition The BET and TGA techniques are used for phys. anal., viz., the porosity and thermal stability of the products resp. The findings of dissolution methods in this article are compared with the conventional pyrolysis techniques for these plastics treatment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Formula: C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Long term exposure to virgin and recycled ldpe microplastics induced minor effects in the freshwater and terrestrial crustaceans Daphnia magna and Porcellio scaber was written by Kokalj, Anita Jemec;Dolar, Andraz;Titova, Jelizaveta;Visnapuu, Meeri;Skrlep, Luka;Drobne, Damjana;Vija, Heiki;Kisand, Vambola;Heinlaan, Margit. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The effects of microplastics (MP) are extensively studied, yet hazard data from long-term exposure studies are scarce. Moreover, for sustainable circular use in the future, knowledge on the biol. impact of recycled plastics is essential. The aim of this study was to provide long-term toxicity data of virgin vs recycled (mech. recycling) low d. polyethylene (LDPE) for two commonly used ecotoxicity models, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber. LDPE MP was tested as fragments of 39.8 ± 8.82 μm (virgin) and 205 ± 144 μm (recycled) at chronic exposure levels of 1-100 mg LDPE/L (D. magna) and 0.2-15 g LDPE/kg soil (P. scaber). Mortality, reproduction, body length, total lipid content, feeding and immune response were evaluated. With the exception of very low inconsistent offspring mortality at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L of recycled LDPE, no MP exposure-related adverse effects were recorded for D. magna. For P. scaber, increased feeding on non-contaminated leaves was observed for virgin LDPE at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg. In addition, both LDPE induced a slight immune response at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg with more parameters altered for virgin LDPE. Our results indicated different sublethal responses upon exposure to recycled compared to virgin LDPE MP. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl methyl adipate (cas: 18891-13-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl methyl adipate (cas: 18891-13-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Constituent diversity of ethanol extracts from pitaya was written by Ma, Jinghua;Mo, Wei;Zhang, Pangpan;Lai, Yong;Li, Ximei;Zhang, Dangquan. And the article was included in Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering in 2020.Application of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pitaya is rich in nutrition and unique in function and contains vegetable albumin, anthocyanins, rich vitamins, and water soluble dietary fiber, which are rare in fruits and vegetables. However, researches mostly focused on pitaya cultivation, biol. characteristics, fresh-keeping, and lacked analyses about chem. composition of pitaya. Therefore, ethanol extraction and GC/MS were used to extract and identify the bioactive components in pulp and pericarp of red pitaya and white pitaya. The extracting results showed that percentages of ethanol extracts from pulp and pericarp of red pitaya were 14.5% and 12%, whereas those of white pitaya were 16% and 12%. The GC/MS results showed that different kinds of bioactive constituents were identified in fresh pericarp and pulp of red pitaya and white pitaya. In the four ethanol extracts, there are rich polysiloxane plant organosilicon with total contents of 10.09%, 24.21%, 25.77%, and 23.25%. Meanwhile, there are many heterocyclic substances, and the content of pericarp is much higher than that of pulp. The four ethanol extracts also contain some other bioactive ingredients, such as esters, hydrocarbons, alcs., amides, halides, and fatty acids, which can be used as raw materials for biomedicine, advanced cosmetics, and skin care products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Application of 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application of 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A stereospecific synthesis of 12-acetoxy-1,3-dodecadiene, the sex pheromone of Diparopsis castanea (Hampson) was written by Cardillo, Giuliana;Orena, Mario;Porzi, Gianni;Sandri, Sergio. And the article was included in Gazzetta Chimica Italiana in 1980.COA of Formula: C14H24O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

(E)-CH₂:CHCH:CH(CH₂)₈OR (I; R = Ac), the pheromone of the red bollworm moth, was stereospecifically prepared by alkylation of THPOCH₂CCH (II, THP = tetrahydropyranyl) and successive LiAlH₄ reduction Thus, reaction of equimolar THPO(CH₂)₈I with II, BuLi, and (Me₂CH)₂NH in THF gave 80% R¹O(CH₂)₈CCCH₂OR¹ (III; R¹ = THP), which was hydrolyzed over Amberlyst H-15 in MeOH to give 92% diol (III; R¹ = H) (IV). Reduction of 20 mmol IV with LiAlH₄ gave 95% HO(CH₂)₈CH:CHR² (V; R² = CH₂OH), which (10 mmol) was oxidized with MnO₂ in CH₂Cl₂ to give quant. aldehyde (V; R² = CHO) (VI). Methylenation of 10 mmol VI with Hg, Mg, and CH₂I₂ in Et₂O at room temperature gave 83% I (R = H), which (5 mmol) was acetylated in pyridine at 0° to give 98% I (R = Ac). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7COA of Formula: C14H24O2).

(E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C14H24O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical, physical, and sensory effects of the use of bentonite at different stages of the production of traditional sparkling wines was written by Ubeda, Cristina;Lambert-Royo, Maria Ignacia;i Cortiella, Mariona Gil;Del Barrio-Galan, Ruben;Pena-Neira, Alvaro. And the article was included in Foods in 2021.Computed Properties of C11H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The addition of bentonite to wine to eliminate unstable haze-forming proteins and as a riddling adjuvant in the remuage is not selective, and other important mols. are lost in this process. The moment of the addition of bentonite is a key factor. Volatile profile (SPME-GC-MS), foam characteristics (Mosalux method), and sensory analyses were performed to study the effect of the distribution of the dosage of bentonite for stabilization of the wine among the addition on the base wine before the tirage (50%, 75%, and 100% bentonite dosage) and during the tirage (addition of the remaining dosage for each case). Results showed that the addition of 50% of the bentonite to the base wine (before the tirage) resulted in sparkling wines with the lowest quantity of volatile compounds, mainly esters and norisoprenoids. No significant differences were found among the sparkling wines after 9 mo of aging in relation to foam properties measured by Mosalux, although higher foamability and crown’s persistence were perceived in the sparkling wines with the addition of 75% and 100% of the bentonite dosage in sensory trials. The results of this study suggested that the amount of bentonite added as a fining agent in the tirage had greater effects than during the addition of this agent in the base wine. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Computed Properties of C11H22O2).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C11H22O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Degradation of a series of fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates initiated by OH radicals at different temperatures was written by Garcia, P. Lugo;Rivela, C. B.;Gibilisco, R. G.;Salgado, S.;Wiesen, P.;Teruel, M. A.;Blanco, M. B.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2020.Name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with a series of fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates: 2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate (k₁), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylacrylate (k₂), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (k₃), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylacrylate (k₄) have been measured for the first time as a function of temperature in the range 290-308 K. The kinetic data obtained were used to derive the following Arrhenius expressions (in units of cm³ per mol. per s): k₁ = (2.13 ± 0.68) × 10^-18 exp[(4745 ± 206)/T], k₂ = (8.72 ± 0.68) × 10^-15 exp[(2166 ± 205)/T], k₃ = (6.30 ± 0.51) × 10^-17 exp[(3721 ± 153)/T] and k₄ = (3.93 ± 0.43) × 10^-16 exp[(3140 ± 129)/T]. The experiments were performed at normal atm. pressure in synthetic air using a 1080 L photoreactor and coupled with FTIR anal. to monitor the decay of the substances of interest and the reference compounds The obtained neg. temperature dependencies are in agreement with a mechanism implying an initial addition of the OH radical to the double bond. Atm. implications are discussed with reference to the rate coefficients obtained as a function of the temperature This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3Name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate).

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of disulfide functional macrocyclic carbonates: An alternative strategy to enzymatic catalysis was written by Yan, Bingkun;Liang, Bingyu;Hou, Jiaqian;Wei, Chao;Xiao, Yan;Lang, Meidong;Huang, Farong. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2020.Reference of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrocyclic carbonates (≥12 ring) is still challenging due to the associated low ring-strain. Although organometallic and enzyme based catalysts have been studied, disadvantages such as organometallic residue and enzymic nature limit their applications. After screening com. available organocatalysts, we report the use of organocatalysts for ROP of disulfide-containing macrocyclic carbonates (MSS, 16 ring). It was found that organocatalysts (TBD) presented high active and living ROP of MSS, as evidenced by kinetic studies, yielding main chain disulfide-containing polycarbonates with tailor-made structures and predictable mol. weights with low mol. weight distribution. Copolymerizations with trimethylene carbonate (TMC) generated random copolymers with controlled components, regulating the d. of disulfide functional groups. By comparing with the behaviors of enzyme catalysis in kinetic studies and (co-)polymerization, it is observed that organic catalyzed ROP showed more efficient (∼ ten times faster), milder condition and more controlled behaviors than enzyme catalyzed ROP (N-435). Therefore, we believe this organic catalyzed strategy will provide an alternative to the current enzymic and organometallic catalyst for ROP of macrocyclic carbonates. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Reference of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics