Month: November 2022

Effect of mixed diluents during thermally induced phase separation process on structures and performances of hollow fiber membranes prepared using triple-orifice spinneret was written by Fang, Chuanjie;Rajabzadeh, Saeid;Liu, Wenyi;Wu, Hao-Chen;Kato, Noriaki;Sun, Yuchen;Jeon, Sungil;Matsuyama, Hideto. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2020.Safety of Diphenyl carbonate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes were prepared using a triple-orifice spinneret in thermally induced phase separation A solvent, propylene carbonate (PC), was extruded through the outermost layer of the spinneret. Through the use of this method, all the membranes were developed an entirely porous surface with similar pore size and porosity. Using mixed diluents with different concentrations of di-Ph carbonate and PC, the membrane bulk structures were controlled from an entirely bicontinuous network, a combination of bicontinuous and spherulitic structures, to an entirely spherulitic structure. The tailored bulk structures showed significant effects on the permeability, rejection, and mech. strength of the membrane. Furthermore, the membrane sub-layer structure was modified to form different types from the composite-like structure of the combination of the spherulites and bicontinuous network to entirely spherulites, which controlled the membrane permeation stability within an extensive range of 6% to nearly 100%. A change in the polymeric dope solution phase diagram, as well as the interfacial behaviors of the polymeric dope solution and extruded PC, played important roles in appropriately tailoring membrane structures and performances. These novel and solid findings regarding the connections between structures and performances provide an advisable venue for the design of hollow fiber membranes with satisfactory performances. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Safety of Diphenyl carbonate).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of Diphenyl carbonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Efficient synthesis of isosorbide-based polycarbonate with scalable dicationic ionic liquid catalysts by balancing the reactivity of the endo-OH and exo-OH was written by Wang, Weiwei;Zhang, Yaqin;Yang, Zifeng;Zhang, Zhencai;Fang, Wenjuan;Niu, Donghui;He, Hongyan;Xu, Fei. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, a series of high-activity imidazole-based dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) were designed and prepared as efficient catalysts for balancing the reactivity between the endo-hydroxyl group (endo-OH) and the exo-hydroxyl group (exo-OH) of isosorbide (ISO) to synthesize high mol. weight poly(isosorbide carbonate) (PIC). Meanwhile, the thermal performance of PIC was precisely optimized by regulating the chain configuration. When the trace amounts (4.5 x 10^-5 based on the ISO molar amount) of bis-(3-methyl-1-imidazole)-ethylene dibromide ([C₂(Min)₂][Br]₂) were used, the weight average mol. weight (M_w) of PIC reached 98 700 g mol^-1. It could be concluded from the results of the experiment and the stimulation that the high catalytic activity of DILs was attributed to the strong electrostatic interaction between the cation and the substrate and the effective balance of the reactivity of the endo-OH and the exo-OH. Furthermore, we found that the reduction of hydroxyl groups in the terminal groups and the increase of endo-endo (a₁) structure in the repeating unit improved the thermal properties of PIC. Finally, ¹H NMR, Fourier IR spectroscopy, and d. functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to verify the reaction process through anion and cation multi-site synergistic effect and a possible electrophilic-nucleophilic reaction mechanism was successfully obtained. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Experimental, numerical and exergy analyses of a dual fuel combustion engine fuelled with syngas and biodiesel/diesel blends was written by Krishnamoorthi, M.;Sreedhara, S.;Prakash Duvvuri, Pavan. And the article was included in Applied Energy in 2020.Electric Literature of C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work investigates the effects of addition of syngas and biodiesel on a reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine fuelled with diesel. SEM (SEM) of exhaust particulate matter has been done to obtain particulate matter (PM) morphol. Energy and exergy analyses have been performed to observe energy and availability shares, and to provide directions for the energy recovery systems. Closed cycle combustion simulations have been performed to complement the exptl. results and for an improved understanding of in-cylinder dynamics. Based on the initial study, used cooking oil based biodiesel blend (B20, 20% biodiesel) has been chosen in experiments The optimal operating conditions for syngas/diesel and syngas/B20 in RCCI mode for different operating parameters have been investigated. Injection pressure, injection timing and pre-injection mass ratio have been modified to get improved combustion efficiency at mid-load. Syngas/diesel mode with an injection timing of 19° before top dead center (bTDC) shows slightly higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with 22% and 77% lower oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and PM resp. as compared to conventional diesel combustion. In syngas/B20 mode, a maximum BTE of 24% has been observed for the case with a pre-injection at 50° bTDC with 30% mass fraction and 18° bTDC main injection timing. Syngas/diesel shows a reduction in primary soot particle count by about 67% and contains larger aggregates as compared to neat diesel. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Electric Literature of C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of mass transfer at the interface of the polymer solution and extruded solvent during the air gap on membrane structures and performances in TIPS process using triple-orifice spinneret was written by Fang, Chuanjie;Rajabzadeh, Saeid;Wu, Hao-Chen;Zhang, Xinyu;Kato, Noriaki;Kunimatsu, Misato;Yoshioka, Tomohisa;Matsuyama, Hideto. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2020.Formula: C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, a combination of exptl. results and mol. dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to understand the mass transfer between the extruded solvent and polymer solution by using a triple-orifice spinneret in the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. Extruding solvent at the outer layer of the extruded polymer solution with different air gap distances controlled the mass transfer before phase separation The progressive change in the phase separation mechanism, from the liquid-liquid to the solid-liquid induced by mass transfer, played a determined role in tailoring the composite-like structure. The moving of polymer or diluent from the bulk solution to the contact interface changed the polymer surface concentration and subsequently affected the membrane surface pore structure. The MD calculation results elucidated the mass transfer of the solvent and the polymer solution, which drastically affected the membrane structure. The formed spherulite-embedded bicontinuous structure clearly improved the membrane water permeation stability from 52 to 98%. On the other hand, by altering the air gap distances, the membrane water permeation flux enhanced in a wide range from 266 to 1429 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1. A new relationship between permeation flux and permeation stability was obtained, which can be utilized as a guideline for the engineering of hollow fiber membranes with high and stable permeability in the TIPS process. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Formula: C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 2H-Benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-one Derivatives as New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors was written by Haji Ali, Sazan;Osmaniye, Derya;Saglik, Begum Nurpelin;Levent, Serkan;Ozkay, Yusuf;Kaplancikli, Zafer Asim. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Quality Control of Isopropylisothiocyanate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in people aged 65 and over. In the present study, a series of thiadiazole hybrid compounds with benzothiazine derivatives I (R = Et, Pr, t-Bu, etc.) as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were developed and evaluated for their biol. activity. The AChE and BChE inhibition potentials of all compounds were evaluated by using the in vitro Ellman method. The biol. evaluation showed that compounds I (R = 4-OMeC₆H₄) and I (R = 4-ClC₆H₄) displayed significant inhibitory activity against AChE and showed IC₅₀ values of 0.027μM and 0.025μM against AChE, resp. The reference drug donepezil (IC₅₀ = 0.021μM) also showed significant inhibition against AChE. Further docking simulation also revealed that the above compounds interacted with the active site of the enzyme similarly to donepezil. The antioxidant study revealed that the above two compounds exhibited greater antioxidant effects. An in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability study showed that compounds I (R = 4-OMeC₆H₄) and I (R = 4-ClC₆H₄) are promising compounds against AD. The cytotoxicity study of the above compounds showed non-cytotoxic with an IC₅₀ value of 98.29 ± 3.98μM and 159.68 ± 5.53μM against NIH/3T3 cells, resp. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Quality Control of Isopropylisothiocyanate).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of Isopropylisothiocyanate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 2H-Benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-one Derivatives as New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors was written by Haji Ali, Sazan;Osmaniye, Derya;Saglik, Begum Nurpelin;Levent, Serkan;Ozkay, Yusuf;Kaplancikli, Zafer Asim. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Name: Isopropylisothiocyanate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in people aged 65 and over. In the present study, a series of thiadiazole hybrid compounds with benzothiazine derivatives I (R = Et, Pr, t-Bu, etc.) as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were developed and evaluated for their biol. activity. The AChE and BChE inhibition potentials of all compounds were evaluated by using the in vitro Ellman method. The biol. evaluation showed that compounds I (R = 4-OMeC₆H₄) and I (R = 4-ClC₆H₄) displayed significant inhibitory activity against AChE and showed IC₅₀ values of 0.027μM and 0.025μM against AChE, resp. The reference drug donepezil (IC₅₀ = 0.021μM) also showed significant inhibition against AChE. Further docking simulation also revealed that the above compounds interacted with the active site of the enzyme similarly to donepezil. The antioxidant study revealed that the above two compounds exhibited greater antioxidant effects. An in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability study showed that compounds I (R = 4-OMeC₆H₄) and I (R = 4-ClC₆H₄) are promising compounds against AD. The cytotoxicity study of the above compounds showed non-cytotoxic with an IC₅₀ value of 98.29 ± 3.98μM and 159.68 ± 5.53μM against NIH/3T3 cells, resp. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Name: Isopropylisothiocyanate).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Isopropylisothiocyanate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Anodic Reactivity of Alkyl S-Glucosides was written by Deore, Bhavesh;Ocando, Joseph E.;Pham, Lan D.;Sanhueza, Carlos A.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A voltammetric study of a series of alkyl and aryl S-glucosides unveiled the reactivity patterns of alkyl S-glucosides toward anodic oxidation and found noteworthy differences with the trends followed by aryl derivatives The oxidation potential of alkyl S-glucosides, estimated herein from square-wave voltammetry peak potentials (E_p), depends on the steric properties of the aglycon. Glucosides substituted with bulky groups exhibit E_p values at voltages more pos. than the values of those carrying small aglycons. This relationship, observed in all analyzed alkyl series, is evidenced by good linear correlations between E_p and Taft’s steric parameters (E_S) of the resp. alkyl substituents. Moreover, the role of the aglycon’s steric properties as a primary reactivity modulator is backed by poor correlations between E_p and the radical stabilization energies (RSEs) of the aglycon-derived thiyl radicals (RS•). In contrast, aryl glucosides’ E_p values exhibit excellent correlations with the aryl substituents’ Hammett parameters (σ+) and the ArS• RSEs, evidencing the inherent stability of the reactive radical intermediate as the primary factor controlling aryl glucoside’s electrochem. reactivity. The reactivity differences between alkyl and aryl S-glucosides also extend to the protective group’s effect on E_p. Alkyl S-glucosides’ reactivity proved to be more sensitive to protective group exchange. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Electric Literature of C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Electric Literature of C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Hibiscus sabdariffa (L) seeds, (Sudanese Karkadi) was written by Hagr, Tuhami Elzein;Adam, Ibrahim Abdurrahman. And the article was included in Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research in 2020.SDS of cas: 106-73-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chem. constituents, phytochem. screening of the essential oil from H. sabdariffa (L) Seeds, and evaluated its potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities, using Soxhlet method to extract the essential oil. Phytochem. screening showed that Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Carbohydrates, Saponins, Triterpens, Streols, Tannins and phenolic compounds are present in seeds of the H.Sabdariffa. Thirty eight components have been identified which classified in to four categories; 31 fatty acid ester derivatives, the majority of them are; Hexadecanoic acid, Me ester (16.94%), 9,12- Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z), Me ester (21.93%), 9,-Octadecadienoic acid (Z), Me ester (30.11%), Me stearate(7.39%), Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid (3.17 %), Dotriacontane(2.17 %), two phenolic derivatives; 1,3-Benzodioxole, 4methoxy-6-(2-propenyl) (0.01 %) and Apiol (0.04 %), two steroidal derivatives; 17-Androstannone, 3-(3, 4-dimethylphenyl) (1.81%) and Stigmasta-4,7,22-trien-3.beta.-ol (0.41%) and Beta.-Amyrin (3.82%), Alpha.-Amyrin (1.65 %) Urs-12-en-3-ol, acetate,(3.beta.) (1.17%). The DPPH assay, showed moderate antioxidant potential (50 ± 0.01 compared with standard 89 ± 0.01; the antibacterial showed high inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis (13mm). In conclusion, the study showed that the Oil of H. sabdariffa seed is a good source of antioxidants due to the presence of phenolic compounds, also is a potential source of natural antibacterial, and justify its uses in folkloric medicines. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0SDS of cas: 106-73-0).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.SDS of cas: 106-73-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Mattress Fabric by Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was written by Wen, Yao;Cao, Shurui;Xi, Cunxian;Li, Xianliang;Zhang, Lei;Wang, Guomin;Shang, Jingchuan. And the article was included in Analytical Letters in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H14O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An anal. method for simultaneously determining 32 volatile organic compounds in mattress fabrics based on static headspace coupled to gas chromatog. and mass spectrometry detection was established. Samples were cut into 5 脳 5 mm small pieces and placed in a 20 mL headspace vial at 90掳 for 30 min. To achieve the optimum conditions for the anal., several parameters including the heating temperature, heating time, sample weight, and injection time were investigated. The results demonstrated that the most important parameter influencing the sensitivity of the anal. was the heating temperature The optimum method showed good linearities with correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9944 to 0.9998. The limits of detection and quantification for the target compounds were in the ranges of 0.004-0.032 and 0.013-0.099 渭g/ g, resp. The method was successfully applied to determine the volatile organic compounds in six categories of mattress fabrics. The results showed that some volatile organic compounds were found, such as naphthalene, hexadecane, and 1,4-diisopropylbenzene. Moreover, the concentrations of 32 volatile organic compounds decreased following the order of jute, terylene, polyester, velboa, nylon, and cotton samples in the study. These results indicated that the method is fast, accurate, and successful for determining volatile organic compounds in mattress fabrics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Electric Literature of C7H14O3).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C7H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Isothiocyanates and glucosinolates from Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (“the singers鈥?plant”): isolation and in vitro assays on the somatosensory and pain receptor TRPA1 channel was written by Borgonovo, Gigliola;Zimbaldi, Nathan;Guarise, Marta;De Nisi, Patrizia;De Petrocellis, Luciano;Moriello, Aniello Schiano;Bassoli, Angela. And the article was included in Molecules in 2019.Formula: C4H7NS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. is a wild common plant of the Brassicaceae family. It is known as “the singers鈥?plant” for its traditional use in treating aphonia and vocal disability. Despite its wide use in herbal preparations, the mol. mechanism of action of S. officinale extracts is not known. The plant is rich in glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, which are supposed to be its active compounds Some members of this family, in particular allylisothiocyanate, are strong agonists of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, which is involved in the somatosensory perception of pungency as well as in the nociception pathway of inflammatory pain. This study aims to isolate the glucosinolates and isothiocianates from fresh S. officinale to identify the major components and test their activity in in vitro assays with a cloned TRPA1 channel. Samples of cultivated S. officinale have been extracted and the active compounds isolated by column chromatog., HPLC and PTLC. The main components glucoputranjivin, isopropylisothiocyanate and 2-buthylisothiocianate have been tested on TRPA1. The glucosinolates glucoputranjivin and sinigrin turned out to be inactive, while isopropylisothiocyanate and 2-buthylisothiocyanate are potent agonists of TRPA1, with an EC50 in the range of the high potency natural agonists identified so far for this somatosensory channel. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Formula: C4H7NS).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C4H7NS

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics