Month: November 2022

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities in 21 species of Indonesian sea cucumbers was written by Nugroho, Aji;Harahap, Iskandar Azmy;Ardiansyah, Ardi;Bayu, Asep;Rasyid, Abdullah;Murniasih, Tutik;Setyastuti, Ana;Putra, Masteria Yunovilsa. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Application of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sea cucumbers are marine organisms with uses in food, cosmetics, and medicine. This study aimed to identify Indonesian sea cucumbers with high antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Twenty-one sea cucumber species were used for this study. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazine assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion assay, whereas the resazurin-based assay was employed to determine the min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) and min. bactericidal concentration (MBC). Volatile compounds possibly related to the biol. activity of sea cucumbers were analyzed via gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Holothuria atra had the strongest antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 14.22 ± 0.87 μg μL-1). Stichopus vastus displayed the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas Stichopus ocellatus extract was most potent against Vibrio cholerae. Holothuria albiventer, which controlled Bacillus subtilis most effectively while also being active against S. aureus and V. cholerae, was the optimal antimicrobial species. H. albiventer and Actinopyga echinites inhibited B. subtilis growth at 12.5 μg μL-1. The MBC tests indicated that the antibacterial activities of sea cucumbers at the MIC were bacteriostatic, rather than bactericidal, in nature. GC-MS anal. uncovered long-chain fatty acids that might be associated with the antibacterial activities of sea cucumbers. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Application of 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Impact of malolactic fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum on volatile compounds of sea buckthorn juice was written by Markkinen, Niko;Laaksonen, Oskar;Yang, Baoru. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2021.Formula: C11H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Malolactic fermentation using sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) juice as raw material was performed with six different strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. Increasing juice pH from 2.7 to 3.5 or adapting cells to low pH (i.e., acclimation) prior to inoculation allowed malolactic fermentation with all tested strains. Moreover, reducing pH of the growth medium from 6 to 4.5 with L-malate had little or no impact on biomass production Volatile profile of sea buckthorn juice was analyzed with HS-SPME-GC-MS before and after fermentation A total of 92 volatiles were tentatively identified and semi-quantified from sea buckthorn juice, majority of which were esters with fruity odor descriptors. Esters and terpenes were decreased in both inoculated and control juices during incubation. Microbial activity increased the levels of acetic acid (vinegar like), free fatty acids (cheese like), ketones (buttery like), and alcs. with fruity descriptors. Conversely, aldehydes associated with “green” aroma were decreased as a result of fermentation Juices fermented with DSM 1055 had the highest acid and alc. content, while fermentation with DSM 13273 resulted in the highest content of ketones. Compared to inoculation with other strains, fermentation with strains DSM 16365 and DSM 100813 resulted in rapid malolactic fermentation, less production of volatile acids, and lower loss of esters and terpenes important for natural sea buckthorn flavor. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Formula: C11H22O2).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C11H22O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of liquid properties on curtain stability in low flow rate was written by Furukawa, Hiroyasu;Kanai, Hiroshi;Nagase, Magonori;Kobayashi, Ryoji;Alleborn, Norbert. And the article was included in ISIJ International in 2013.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curtain coating, which can achieve very high speed coating and smooth film without defects, is recently used to produce pre-painted steel sheets for home appliances and utensils. One of the difficulties limiting curtain coating operation arises from a low limit in flow rate, below which the falling liquid sheet breaks apart and we can not operate. We measured the min. flow rate for curtain formation for polyester resin solutions in very low Reynolds number (Re) exptl., and found that the min. flow rate decreased with decreasing surface tension and d., and with increasing viscosity of the liquids Relationship between the phys. properties of the liquids and the min. flow rate for curtain formation (curtain stability) was analyzed by using Reynolds number (Re) which represented the flow rate and Phys. property number (Ka) which included surface tension, viscosity and d. As a result, the calculating formula by which the min. flow rate can be estimated was given. Further more, effects of surfactant on the min. flow rate were studied. It is suggested that homogeneity of the surface is very important to stabilize the curtain, and if we use surfactants which decrease surface tension of the liquids uniformly, the curtain stability increases. In the range of this study, curtain stability is mainly dominated by liquid properties, and neither edge guides nor disturbances like bubbles in the liquids seem key factors for curtain stability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A smart porous wood-supported flower-like NiS/Ni conjunction with vitrimer co-effect as a multifunctional material with reshaping, shape-memory, and self-healing properties for applications in high-performance supercapacitors, catalysts, and sensors was written by Xiong, Chuanyin;Li, Bingbing;Liu, Heguang;Zhao, Wei;Duan, Chao;Wu, Haiwei;Ni, Yonghao. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Diphenyl carbonate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Wood-based materials are attracting extensive attention for applications in energy storage due to their environmental friendliness and the presence of numerous channels in their structure. However, the poor conductivity and flexibility of wood restrict its application. Although some researchers have made several efforts to improve the conductivity of wood by carbonization, the wood-based materials become brittle instead of flexible. Moreover, the cycling stability of carbonized wood-based materials becomes very poor due to their falling off during the process of electrochem. energy storage. Herein, for the first time, a smart carbonized lignin-free wood (CLFW)@Ni-NiS/vitrimer(V) composite multifunctional material with good reshaping, shape-memory, and self-healing properties was designed and fabricated. When assembled to a sym. supercapacitor, the resultant CLFW@Ni-NiS/V hybrid showed not only the high gravimetric, areal, and volumetric energy densities of 38 W h kg-1, 687μW h cm-2, and 58 W h L-1 and simultaneously maintained the high power densities of 56 kW kg-1, 202 mW cm-2, and 39 kW L-1, but also significantly enhanced cycling stability, resp. In addition, CLFW@Ni-NiS/V presented good ORR and strain sensor properties. These outstanding advantages highlight the huge potential of smart wood-based materials with variable, shape-memory, and self-healing properties for applications in supercapacitors, catalysts, and sensors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Application In Synthesis of Diphenyl carbonate).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of Diphenyl carbonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enhancing efficacy and safety of azelaic acid via encapsulation in cyclodextrin nanosponges: development, characterization and evaluation was written by Kumar, Anil;Rao, Rekha. And the article was included in Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) in 2021.Reference of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Abstract: Azelaic acid (AA), a promising agent for acne and hyperpigmentation disorders, is associated with side effects viz. rashes, skin irritation, dryness, burning and stinging. Its poor solubility also pose challenge in the development of suitable formulation. Therefore, this research was aimed to design cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS) of AA to address above-mentioned challenges. Herein, the fabrication of CDNS by melt method was demonstrated employing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as polymer and di-Ph carbonate (DPC) as a cross-linker. AA was loaded in CDNS via lyophilization and appropriately characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric anal., X-ray powder diffraction and NMR. For morphol. evaluation, field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy were also performed. The particle size of AANS was in nanorange, with acceptable zeta potential, low polydispersity index and delayed release. The safety of the nanoformulation was assessed using Human Epidermal Keratinocyte cell lines. Further, mol. docking studies for AA was carried out. In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and antityrosinase assay were also conducted for prepared nanoformulation. The results of all the studies performed revealed that encapsulation of AA in nanosponges led to improvement in efficacy of drug in terms of solubility, release and safety, with adequate antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Reference of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bioturbation effect of fortified Daqu on microbial community and flavor metabolite in Chinese strong-flavor liquor brewing microecosystem was written by He, Guiqiang;Huang, Jun;Wu, Chongde;Jin, Yao;Zhou, Rongqing. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2020.Recommanded Product: Isopentyl hexanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We therefore propose the directional bioturbation for microbiota regulation and metabolites production in food fermentation Here, we revealed the bioturbation effect of fortified Daqu on microbial community based on taxonomic composition, co-occurrence network, and metabolic potential, using Chinese strong-flavor liquor fermentation as a microecosystem. According to principal coordinate anal., microbial communities were obviously influenced by the bioturbation of fortified Daqu. More specifically, bioturbation increased the abundances of Caproiciproducens, Clostridium, Aspergillus, Candida, Methanobacterium, and Methanosarcina, while decreased that of Lactobacillus. Meanwhile, higher abundances of most genes that encoding enzymes involved in interspecies hydrogen transfer between hexanoic acid bacteria and methanogens were observed in the bioturbated ecosystem by PICRUSt approach. Addnl., co-occurrence anal. showed that bioturbation increased the diversity and complexity of interspecies interactions in microecosystem, which contributed to higher production of flavor metabolites such as hexanoic acid, Et hexanoate, and hexyl hexanoate. These results indicated that the bioturbation of fortified Daqu is feasible for flavor metabolism by interspecies interactions of functional microbiota in liquor fermentation Taken together, it is of great importance for regulating Chinese liquor and even other foods fermentation by bioturbation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Recommanded Product: Isopentyl hexanoate).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Isopentyl hexanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stimulation of ABCB4/MDR3 ATPase activity requires an intact phosphatidylcholine lipid was written by Prescher, Martin;Smits, Sander H. J.;Schmitt, Lutz. And the article was included in Journal of Lipid Research in 2020.Product Details of 26662-94-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

ABCB4/MDR3 is located in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and translocates PC-lipids from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular leaflet. ABCB4 is an ATP-dependent transporter that reduces the harsh detergent effect of the bile salts by counteracting self-digestion. To do so, ABCB4 provides PC lipids for extraction into bile. PC lipids account for 40% of the entire pool of lipids in the canalicular membrane with an unknown distribution over both leaflets. Extracted PC lipids end up in so-called mixed micelles. Mixed micelles are composed of phospholipids, bile salts, and cholesterol. Ninety to ninety-five percent of the phospholipids are members of the PC family, but only a subset of mainly 16.0-18:1 PC and 16:0-18:2 PC variants are present. To elucidate whether ABCB4 is the key discriminator in this enrichment of specific PC lipids, we used in vitro studies to identify crucial determinants in substrate selection. We demonstrate that PC-lipid moieties alone are insufficient for stimulating ABCB4 ATPase activity, and that at least two acyl chains and the backbone itself are required for a productive interaction. The nature of the fatty acids, like length or saturation has a quant. impact on the ATPase activity. Our data demonstrate a two-step enrichment and protective function of ABCB4 to mitigate the harsh detergent effect of the bile salts, because ABCB4 can translocate more than just the PC-lipid variants found in bile. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Product Details of 26662-94-2).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Product Details of 26662-94-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Advantages of microfiltration processing of goat whey orange juice beverage was written by Vieira, Alexandre H.;Balthazar, Celso F.;Guimaraes, Jonas T.;Rocha, Ramon S.;Pagani, Monica M.;Esmerino, Erick A.;Silva, Marcia C.;Raices, Renata S. L.;Tonon, Renata V.;Cabral, Lourdes M. C.;Walter, Eduardo H. M.;Freitas, Monica Q.;Cruz, Adriano G.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2020.Application of 112-14-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiol., physicochem. and functional quality of an innovative goat whey orange juice beverage (GOB) processed by microfiltration. The microfiltration (0.2μm) of the GOBs had a variation on the feed temperature (20, 30, 40, 50°C) and were compared to the conventional heat treatment LTLT (63°C/30 min). Microbiol. (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, mold and yeast and lactic bacteria), physicochem. (pH, color, rheol. and volatile compounds) bioactive compounds (acid ascorbic, total phenolics) and functional activity (DPPH, ACE, α-amilase and α-glucosidase) anal. were performed. The GOB processed by microfiltration using at least 30°C presented adequate microbial counts (less than 4, 3 and 4 log CFU/mL, for AMB, molds and yeasts and LAB, resp.). In general, the pH, color parameters, volatile and bioactive compounds were not influenced by microfiltration temperature, but presented a difference from the LTLT processing. The rheol. parameters were influenced by MF temperature and the utilization of temperatures of 20° and 30°C maintained the consistency similar to the LTLT sample, preserving the compounds responsible for the texture. Therefore, it is suggested a processing of GOB by microfiltration using mild temperatures (between 30° and 40°C) to preserve consistency and also obtain a desirable microbial quality, beyond the preservation of many functional properties and volatile compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Application of 112-14-1).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 112-14-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Surface roughness influences the protein corona formation of glycosylated nanoparticles and alter their cellular uptake was written by Piloni, Alberto;Wong, Chin Ken;Chen, Fan;Lord, Megan;Walther, Andreas;Stenzel, Martina H.. And the article was included in Nanoscale in 2019.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Recently the role of protein absorption in nanoparticle drug delivery has gathered significant attention as the protein corona can significantly decide on the fate of nanoparticles in the body. Although it is known that the surface chem. will significantly influence the amount and type of bound protein, there is little known about the effect of surface roughness and surface topog. on the interaction. In this work, we show how patchy nanoparticles can noticeably reduce the adsorption of proteins compared to spherical nanoparticles with a smooth surface as demonstrated using six ABC triblock terpolymers based on glucose, mannose and galactose. As control, smooth nanoparticles were prepared from poly(2-D-sugar Et acrylate)-b-poly (Bu acrylate)-b-polystyrene (PSugEA-b-PBuA-b-PS). The patchy nanoparticles displayed significantly reduced protein absorption when exposed to serum-supplemented cell culture media, as observed using dynamic light scattering. Addnl., an enrichment of Hb was observed in the corona compared to the serum protein in solution The amount of albumin on the surface was observed to be dependent on the type of sugar with glucose resulting in the highest absorption. The protein corona led to cellular uptake that was unrelated to the underlying sugar, which was supposed to help targeting specific cell lines. This example demonstrated how the protein corona can override any attempts to target receptor expressing cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biodegradation Control of Chitosan Materials by Surface Modification with Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and Alkyl Methacrylates was written by Bryuzgin, Evgeny;Bryuzgina, Ekaterina;Yartseva, Vitaliya;Belina, Kristina;Makevnina, Olga;Kolyaganova, Olga;Klimov, Viktor;Navrotskiy, Alexander;Novakov, Ivan. And the article was included in Fibers and Polymers in 2022.Recommanded Product: 3063-94-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chitosan is a promising polymer from natural polysaccharides, which is an environmentally friendly compound from renewable raw materials. Chitosan has biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial and other activities. In this article, we report the biodegradation control of chitosan materials by use of random copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate and (fluoro)alkyl methacrylates as surface modifiers. We show that grafting of copolymers allows increasing the hydrophobicity of chitosan materials with initial contact angles up to 114° from 89° for films and up to 154° from 123° for aerogels. We demonstrate that modified aerogels retain contact angles of more than 150° for a long contact time with water while the initial aerogel fully wets for 30 s. The resulting chitosan aerogels have high porosity with a pore size of 100-200 μm, and the pore walls are 0.6-0.7-μm-thick film formations. Our study of lyophilic properties of modified chitosan substrates showed a change in the hydrophobicity of the materials as a function of length of the hydrocarbon radical in the side groups of the (fluoro)alkyl methacrylates in the copolymers. We demonstrate that the rate of biodegradation of the resulting materials decreases with an increase in the number of hydrophobic groups in the modifier. The obtained chitosan materials with hydrophobic coatings have potential as a protective layer for wound dressings with an extended service life. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3Recommanded Product: 3063-94-3).

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 3063-94-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics