Pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environment in China: locally screening and environmental risk assessment was written by Chen, Yongshan;Xi, Xiuping;Yu, Gang;Cao, Qiming;Wang, Bin;Vince, Francois;Hong, Youwei. And the article was included in Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in 2015.Recommanded Product: 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
An environmental risk assessment was performed for pharmaceutical compounds present in the aquatic environment of China. Predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of the compounds were calculated according to European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) guidelines. Available ecotoxicol. data compromised by applying a very conservative assessment factor (AF) were employed to calculate the predicted noeffect concentration (PNEC). The screening principle and the risk assessment were based on risk quotient (RQ), which derived from the PEC and related PNEC values. PEC results indicated that all the compounds except sulfadimethoxine and levocarnitine, should carry out phase II risk assessment in EMEA guideline. RQ values suggested that more than 36 pharmaceuticals may be imposed health threats to the aquatic environment; especially the antibiotic therapeutic class including amoxicillin, sulfasalazine, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline and erythromycin showed high RQ values. These substances with high RQ value (RQ≥1) were regarded as toppriority pharmaceuticals for control in the aquatic environment of China. However, the antibiotic substances which had low risk quotient (RQ <1), should be reassessed by its potentially induced resistance under low concentration in future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Recommanded Product: 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate).
4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics