Stairway to Asymmetry: Five Steps to Lipid-Asymmetric Proteoliposomes was written by Markones, Marie;Fippel, Anika;Kaiser, Michael;Drechsler, Carina;Hunte, Carola;Heerklotz, Heiko. And the article was included in Biophysical Journal in 2020.Formula: C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Membrane proteins are embedded in a complex lipid environment that influences their structure and function. One key feature of nearly all biol. membranes is a distinct lipid asymmetry. However, the influence of membrane asymmetry on proteins is poorly understood, and novel asym. proteoliposome systems are beneficial. To the authors’ knowledge, the authors present the first study on a multispanning protein incorporated in large unilamellar liposomes showing a stable lipid asymmetry. These asym. proteoliposomes contain the Na+/H+ antiporter NhaA from Salmonella Typhimurium. Asymmetry was introduced by partial, outside-only exchange of anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG), mimicking this key asymmetry of bacterial membranes. Outer-leaflet and total fractions of PG were determined via 味-potential (味) measurements after lipid exchange and after scrambling of asymmetry. 味-Values were in good agreement with exclusive outside localization of PG. The electrogenic Na+/H+ antiporter was active in asym. liposomes, and reconstitution and generation of asymmetry were successful. Lipid asymmetry was stable for >7 days at 23掳 and thus enabled characterization of the Na+/H+ antiporter in an asym. lipid environment. The authors present and validate a simple five-step protocol that addresses key steps to be taken and pitfalls to be avoided for the preparation of asym. proteoliposomes: (1) optimization of desired lipid composition, (2) detergent-mediated protein reconstitution with subsequent detergent removal, (3) generation of lipid asymmetry by partial exchange of outer-leaflet lipid, (4) verification of lipid asymmetry and stability, and (5) determination of protein activity in the asym. lipid environment. This work offers guidance in designing asym. proteoliposomes that will enable researchers to compare functional and structural properties of membrane proteins in sym. and asym. lipid environments. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Formula: C39H76NO8P).
(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C39H76NO8P
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics