Metabolic profiling at COVID-19 onset shows disease severity and sex-specific dysregulation was written by Ceballos, Francisco C.;Virseda-Berdices, Ana;Resino, Salvador;Ryan, Pablo;Martinez-Gonzalez, Oscar;Perez-Garcia, Felipe;Martin-Vicente, Maria;Brochado-Kith, Oscar;Blancas, Rafael;Bartolome-Sanchez, Sofia;Vidal-Alcantara, Erick Joan;Alboniga-Diez, Oihane Elena;Cuadros-Gonzalez, Juan;Blanca-Lopez, Natalia;Martinez, Isidoro;Martinez-Acitores, Ignacio Ramirez;Barbas, Coral;Fernandez-Rodriguez, Amanda;Jimenez-Sousa, Maria Angeles. And the article was included in Frontiers in Immunology in 2022.Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Metabolic changes through SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported but not fully comprehended. This metabolic dysregulation affects multiple organs during COVID-19 and its early detection can be used as a prognosis marker of severity. Therefore, we aimed to characterize metabolic and cytokine profile at COVID-19 onset and its relationship with disease severity to identify metabolic profiles predicting disease progression. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study in 123 COVID-19 patients which were stratified as asymptomatic/mild, moderate and severe according to the highest COVID-19 severity status, and a group of healthy controls. We performed an untargeted plasma metabolic profiling (gas chromatog. and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (GC and CE-MS)) and cytokine evaluation. After data filtering and identification we observed 105 metabolites dysregulated (66 GC-MS and 40 CE-MS) which shown different expression patterns for each COVID-19 severity status. These metabolites belonged to different metabolic pathways including amino acid, energy, and nitrogen metabolism among others. Severity-specific metabolic dysregulation was observed, as an increased transformation of L-tryptophan into L-kynurenine. Thus, metabolic profiling at hospital admission differentiate between severe and moderate patients in the later phase of worse evolution. Several plasma pro-inflammatory biomarkers showed significant correlation with deregulated metabolites, specially with L-kynurenine and L-tryptophan. Finally, we describe a strong sex-related dysregulation of metabolites, cytokines and chemokines between severe and moderate patients. In conclusion, metabolic profiling of COVID-19 patients at disease onset is a powerful tool to unravel the SARS-CoV-2 mol. pathogenesis. This technique makes it possible to identify metabolic phenoconversion that predicts disease progression and explains the pronounced pathogenesis differences between sexes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate).
Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics