Month: October 2022

Precup-Blaga, F. S.; Garcia-Martinez, J. C.; Schenning, A. P. H. J.; Meijer, E. W. published the artcile< Highly Emissive Supramolecular Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) Dendrimers>, Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is preparation oligomeric phenylene vinylene guest polypropylene imine dendrimer host; luminescence oligomeric phenylene vinylene guest hydrogen bonded dendritic host.

π-Conjugated oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV) guest mols. for interaction with dendritic hosts were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF-MS, elemental anal. and optical measurements. The binding properties of the five different OPV guests to a N,N-bis[(3-adamantyl ureido) propyl] methylamine host were studied. The guests that contained an aryl urea glycine spacer were bound with the highest association constant Subsequently, an adamantyl urea modified fifth generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer was synthesized as a multivalent host which contains 32 N,N-bis[(3-adamantyl ureido) propyl] amine binding sites. Size exclusion chromatog. showed that 32 of the OPV guests strongly bind to the fifth generation adamantyl functionalized dendritic host. In the case of the supramol. dendritic host/guest system smooth homogeneous thin films could be obtained by spin coating. The dendritic guest-host complexes showed a significantly higher emission upon binding then that of the individual mols. due to the three-dimensional orientation of the OPV guest mols. In the solid state, this enhancement in luminescence was a factor of 10. The π-conjugated oligomers are less aggregated in the supramol. assemblies presumably because of a shielding effect of the bulky adamantyl units present in the hosts.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Absorption. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Formula: C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Buesker, Soeren; Jaeger, Walter; Poschner, Stefan; Mayr, Lisa; Al Jalali, Valentin; Gojo, Johannes; Azizi, Amedeo A.; Ullah, Sami; Bilal, Muhammad; El Tabei, Lobna; Fuhr, Uwe; Peyrl, Andreas published the artcile< Pharmacokinetics of metronomic temozolomide in cerebrospinal fluid of children with malignant central nervous system tumors>, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is temozolomide anticancer CSF pharmacokinetic central nervous system tumor child; Central nervous system; Cerebrospinal fluid; Pediatrics; Pharmacokinetic; Temozolomide.

Although temozolomide is widely used in the treatment of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors, information on its pharmacokinetic profile in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is sparse. This study aimed at investigating whether measurable and clin. relevant concentrations of temozolomide are reached and maintained in CSF for continuous oral administration in pediatric patients. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to quantify CSF penetration of temozolomide. Eleven pediatric CNS tumor patients (aged 4-14 years) treated with oral temozolomide using a metronomic schedule (24-77 mg/m2/day) were included. Temozolomide concentrations in 28 plasma samples and 64 CSF samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatog. Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations were performed using non-linear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM 7.4.2). Median temozolomide concentrations in plasma and CSF were 0.96 (range 0.24-5.99) μg/mL and 0.37 (0.06-1.76) μg/mL, resp. A two-compartment model (central/plasma [1], CSF [2]) with first-order absorption, first-order elimination, and a transit compartment between CSF and plasma adequately described the data. Population mean estimates for clearance (CL) and the volume of distribution in the central compartment (Vc) were 3.29 L/h (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.58-3.95) and 10.5 L (8.17-14.32), resp. Based on simulations, we found a median area under the concentration vs. time curve ratio (AUCCSF / AUCplasma ratio) of 37%. Metronomic oral temozolomide penetrates into the CSF in pediatric patients, with even higher concentration levels compared to adults.

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology published new progress about Antitumor agents. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ahmadi, Vahid; Nie, Chuanxiong; Mohammadifar, Ehsan; Achazi, Katharina; Wedepohl, Stefanie; Kerkhoff, Yannic; Block, Stephan; Osterrieder, Klaus; Haag, Rainer published the artcile< One-pot gram-scale synthesis of virucidal heparin-mimicking polymers as HSV-1 inhibitors>, Synthetic Route of 112-63-0, the main research area is virucidal heparin mimicking polymer antiviral agent Herpes simplex virus.

A straightforward and gram-scale synthesis method was developed to engineer highly sulfated hyperbranched polyglycerol bearing sulfated alkyl chains. The compounds with shorter alkyl chains showed multivalent virustatic inhibition against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), similar to heparin. In contrast, the compound with the longest alkyl chains irreversibly inhibited the virus.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about Antiviral agents. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Synthetic Route of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xia, Yi; Yang, Zheng-Yu; Xia, Peng; Bastow, Kenneth F.; Nakanishi, Yuka; Nampoothiri, Priya; Hamel, Ernest; Brossi, Arnold; Lee, Kuo-Hsiung published the artcile< Antitumor agents. Part 226: Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 2-phenyl-4-quinolone acetic acids and their esters>, Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetate, the main research area is phenylquinoloneacetic acid preparation antitumor agent cytotoxicity.

2-Phenyl-4-quinolone acetic acids and their esters were synthesized and evaluated for interaction with tubulin and for cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines. 2-Phenyl- and 2-(2′-fluorophenyl)-4-quinolone-8-acetic acids displayed potent cytotoxicity with ED50 values at nanomolar concentrations, but had minimal activity against tubulin polymerization 2-(2′-Fluorophenyl)-4-quinolone-6-acetic acid and 2-(2′-fluorophenyl)-4-quinolone-8-acetic acid Me ester moderately inhibited tubulin polymerization

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about Antitumor agents. 30095-98-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9NO4, Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xu, Chunfa; Ma, Bingqing; Shen, Qilong published the artcile< N-[(Trifluoromethyl)thio]saccharin: An Easily Accessible, Shelf-Stable, Broadly Applicable Trifluoromethylthiolating Reagent>, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is electrophilic substitution sulfur fluorine; NMR spectroscopy; electrophilic substitution; fluorine; sulfur; synthetic methods.

A new, electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolaton agent N-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]saccharin, was developed and can be synthesized in two steps from saccharin within 30 min. N-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]saccharin is a powerful trifluoromethylthiolation agent and allows the trifluoromethylthiolation of a variety of nucleophiles such as alcs., amines, thiols, electron-rich arenes, aldehydes, ketones, acyclic β-keto esters, and alkynes under mild reaction conditions. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using 2-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide as a key reactant.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about Active methylene compounds Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Clark, Robert L.; Pessolano, Arsenio A. published the artcile< Synthesis of some substituted benzimidazolinones>, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is .

The appropriate aromatic ο-diamine in aqueous HCl treated with COCl2 until the precipitate formation was complete, filtered, and the precipitate with H2O gave the corresponding substituted 2-benzimidazolinone (I) (substituents and m.p. given): 4-Me, 302-3° (MeOH); 4,7-di-Me, 337° (AcOH); 5-Et, 264-5° (EtOH); 4-Et, 261-2° (EtOH); 5-Pr, 239-41° (aqueous EtOH); 5-iso-Pr, 270-2° (EtOH); 5-Bu, 250° (aqueous EtOH); 5-EtMeCH, 253-4° (aqueous EtOH); 5-Me3C, 310° (aqueous EtOH); 5-EtMe2C, 284-5° (aqueous EtOH); 5-MePrCH, 217-18° (EtOAc); 5-C6H13, 250-2° (EtOAc); 5-Ac, 296-7° (aqueous EtOH); 5-HO, 307-9° (aqueous EtOH); 5-MeO, 256-7° (EtOH); 5-F, 303° (aqueous EtOH); 4-iso-Pr, 7-Br, 245-9° (aqueous EtOH); 5-Br, 336-7° (AcOH); 4-Cl, 335-6° (aqueous EtOH); 1-Et, 5-Me, 115° (aqueous EtOH); 1-Ph, 206-7° (EtOH); 1,5-di-Me, 197-9° (aqueous EtOH); 1-Et, 117-18° (Et2O-petr. ether); 4,5-CH:CHCH:CH, above 345° (HCONMe2-Et2O). The appropriate aromatic ο-diamine (1.0 mole) (or its HCl salt) and 1.1 moles urea heated at 140° or higher during 15 min., cooled, dissolved in 2.5N NaOH, filtered, acidified with concentrated HCl, and the base-acid treatment repeated or the precipitate recrystallized gave the corresponding I (same data given): 5,6-di-Me, above 345° (AcOH); 5-Ph, 350° (AcOH); 5,6-di-MeO, 268° (dioxane); 4,6-di-Cl, above 340° (aqueous dioxane); 5,6-di-Cl, 345° (reprecipitated); 4,5,6-tri-Cl, 342° (reprecipitated). The appropriate nitro compound in EtOH hydrogenated at 40 lb. over 5% Pd-C, filtered, and evaporated (or treated with dry HCl) gave the corresponding amino analog (m.p. given): 5-amino-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolone-0.5-H2O.HCl, 310° (MeOH-Et2O); 5-aminobenzimidazolone-HCl, above 340° (EtOH-Et2O). The following substituted ο-phenylenediamines (substituent and m.p. given): 4-Et.2HCl, 308° (EtOH-Et2O); 3-Et.HCl, 258° (EtOH); 4-Pr.2HCl, 206-10° (EtOH-Et2O); 4-iso-Pr.2HCl, 267° (aqueous EtOH); 4-Bu.2HCl, 235° (EtOH); 4-EtMeCH.2HCl, 249-51° (EtOH-Et2O); 4-MePrCH.2HCl, 214-17° (EtOH); 4-Ac.HCl, 280-7° (aqueous EtOH); 4-MeO.2HCl, 227° (EtOH-Et2O); 4,5-di-MeO.HCl, 230-50° (aqueous MeOH); 4,2-Me(H2N)C6H3NHEt.2HCl, 178-80° (EtOH); ο-H2NC6H4NHEt.HCl, 188-93° (EtOH-Et2O). SnCl2.2H2O (100 g.) in 180 cc. concentrated HCl treated portionwise with stirring with 30 g. 4,2-Ph(O2N)C6H3NH2 below 40°, stirred 2 hrs., kept at room temperature overnight, added below 10° to 350 g. NaOH in about 800 cc. cold H2O, filtered after 3 hrs., and the residue reprecipitated from 700 cc. hot EtOH with H2O gave 20 g. 3,4-(H2N)2C6H3Ph, m. 102-3°. 4,2-iso-Pr(O2N)C6H3NHAc (17.5 g.) in 125 cc. concentrated HCl heated 3 hrs. on the steam bath, cooled to 50°, treated slowly with stirring with 75 g. SnCl2.2H2O in 30 cc. H2O and 15 cc. concentrated HCl, cooled to room temperature, treated with C, filtered, and treated directly with COCl2 gave 5-isopropylbenzimidazolinone. The appropriate benzimidazolinone refluxed 3 hrs. with 5 parts acid anhydride and cooled gave the corresponding I (substituents and m.p. given): 1-Me, 3-Ac, 120-1° (EtOH); 1-Ph, 3-Ac, 137-8° (EtOH); 1,3-di-Ac, 5-AcNH, 260-1° (aqueous AcOH; 1,3-di-Ac, 5-Me3C, 127-30° (EtOAc-petr. ether); 1,3-di-EtCO, 169-70° (EtOAc); 1,3-di-Ac, 5-Cl, 172-3° (EtOAc); 1,3-di-Ac, 5-NO2, 131-2° (EtOH); 1,3-di-Ac, 5,6-di-Cl, 218-19° (dioxane); 1-Ac, 3-Me, 120-1° (EtOH); 1-Me, 3-AcOCH2, 115-16° (EtOAc). Benzimidazolinone (152 g.) and 365 g. powd. KOH in 2000 cc. Me2CO refluxed with stirring, the mixture treated dropwise with 432 g. MeI in 350 cc. Me2CO, heated 10 min., decanted, the pasty residue extracted 3 times with Me2CO, the extract evaporated, and the crystalline material recrystallized from 450 cc. hot C6H6 by the slow addition of 100 cc. petr. ether gave 122 g. 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolinone, m. 111-12°; 39 g. 2nd crop. Similarly were prepared the following I (same data given): 1,3-di-(CH2CH:CH2), 53-4° (petr. ether); 1,3-di-(PhCH2), 107-8° (Et2O); 1,3-di-Me, 5-Me3C, 180-1° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3-di-Me, 5-iso-Pr, 142-3° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3-di-(CH2CMe:CH2), 85-6° (Et2O-petr. ether); 1,3,5,6-tetra-Me, 153-4° (EtOAc); 1,3-di-Me, 5-Cl, 163-41° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3,5-tri-Me, 103-5° (Et2O-petr. ether); 1,3-di-Me, 5-MeO, 92-3° (C6H6-petr. ether); 1,3-di-Et, 68-9° (petr. ether); 1,3-di-(PhCH2CH2), 74-5° (Et2O-petr. ether); 1,3-di-Me, 5-Br, 166-7° (EtOH); 1,3-di-Me, 5-EtO, 104-5° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3-di-(BzCH2), 197-8° (aqueous AcOH); 1,3-di-(Me2NCH2CH2).2HClO4, 238° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3-di-(EtO2CCH2), 169-70° (EtOH); 1,3-di-(Et2NCH2CH2), 5-Me3C.2HClO4, 140° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3-di-(Et2NCH2CH2).2HClO4, 142-3° (MeOH); 1,3-di(Et2NCH2CH2), 4,6-di-Me.2HClO4, 201-3° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3-di-(Me2NCHMeCH2.).2HClO4, 229-30° (aqueous EtOH); 1,3-di-(Et2NCH2CH2), 5-MeO.2HClO4, 160-2°; 1,3-di-Me, 5-NO2, 208-9° (EtOAc); 1,3-di-Me, 5-H2NCONH, 350° (aqueous AcOH). The following I (substituents and m.p. given) were prepared by the method of Vaughan and Blodinger (C.A. 50, 8606g): 5-BuCO, 269-71° (aqueous EtOH); 5-iso-BuCO, 268-70° (EtOH); 5-C7H15CO, 246-7° (EtOH); 5-C13H27CO, 229° (EtOH). 5-Myristoylbenzimidazolinone (100 g.) in 1500 cc. EtOH hydrogenated 3.5 hrs. at 225° over 10 g. Cu chromite, filtered, extracted with hot dioxane, and the filtered extract cooled gave 65 g. 5-tetradecylbenzimidazolinone, m. 226° with previous softening (AcOH). Similarly were prepared the following I (substituent and m.p. given): 5-Am, 261-4° (aqueous EtOH); 5-iso-Am, 256-9° (aqueous EtOH); 5-C8H17, 240-2° (EtOH). p-AcNHC6H3Ac (47 g.) in 150 cc. AcOH and 50 cc. Ac2O treated with stirring with 23 cc. fuming HNO3 at 40°, stirred 1 hr., poured into 1500 cc. H2O, and the gummy precipitate (45 g.) crystallized from 115 cc. AcOH gave 20 g. 4,3-AcNH(O2N)C6H3Ac, m. 140-1°. In the same manner were prepared the following substituted benzenes (m.p. given): 4,2-Pr(O2N)C6H3NHAc, 135° (aqueous EtOH); 3,2-iso-Pr(O2N)C6H3NHAc, 81-2° (aqueous EtOH); 4,2-EtMe2C(O2N)C6H3NHAc, 53-4° (petr. ether); 4,2-C6H13(O2N)C6H3NHAc, 51-2° (aqueous EtOH); 4,2-F(O2N)C6H3NHAc, 72-3° (aqueous EtOH); 4,5,2-Br(iso-Pr)(O2N)C6H2NHAc, 139-41°. p-MePrCHC6H4NH2 acetylated in the usual manner gave the N-Ac derivative, m. 122-4° (Et2O-petr. ether). Similarly was prepared p-C6H13C6H4NHAc, m. 74-6° (petr. ether). The appropriate acylamine heated 3 hrs. with HCl or with NaOMe by the method of Verkade and Witjens (C.A. 38, 23228) gave the corresponding amine; in this manner was prepared 4,2-Pr(O2N) C6H3NH2, m. 59-60° (aqueous EtOH). By catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding 6-Br compound was prepared the 5-iso-Pr derivative, m. 232-3° (aqueous EtOH), of benzimidazolinone (II). The 5-NH2 derivative of II in acid treated with KOCN gave the 5-NHCONH2 derivative of II, m. 345° (reprecipitated). II, EtCOCl, and PhNO2 refluxed 4 hrs. gave the 1-EtCO derivative of II, m. 212-13° (EtOH). 1-Me derivative of II refluxed with aqueous CH2O gave the 3-CH2OH derivative, m. 153-4° (EtOH). The 5-Me3C derivative of II was converted by the method of Monti (C.A. 38, 45991 to the 1-xanthyl derivative, m. 253-4° (EtOAc). 1,3-Di-(HO2CCH2) derivative of II, m. 291-2° (EtOH), was prepared by hydrolysis of the di-Et ester. 5,6-Di-NO2 derivative of II reduced and the resulting diamine treated with COCl2 gave the 5,6-(NHCONH) derivative of II.0.5H2O, m. above 340° (EtOH).

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 112-63-0. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Solenova, S. L.; Khotsyanova, T. L.; Struchkov, Yu. T. published the artcile< Steric hindrance and molecular conformation. II. X-ray study of polyhalobenzenes and their derivatives>, COA of Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is .

Goniometric data are given for 15 polyhalobenzenes and derivatives which display steric hindrance among the substituents. X-ray diffraction results are used to estimate the cell parameters. Typical crystal appearances are reproduced for carefully grown specimens in many cases. 1,3,4,5-Cl4C6H2, cell parameters; a 3.84, b 23.99, c 17.08 A., β 92.5°, n = 8, monoclinic P21/c, no piezo effect, packing coefficient k8 0.73; 3,4,5-Cl3C6H2NO2: a 7.63, b 7.87, c 14.59, α 67°42′, β 81°14′, γ 80°48′, n = 4, triclinic P1, no piezo effect, k4 0.70; 3,4,5-Cl3C6H2NH2.HCl: a 3.92, b 13.28, c 15.02, β 101.5°, n = 4, monoclinic P21/c, no piezo effect, k4 = 0.80; 2,6-Br2C6H3Cl: a 12.84, b 8.38, c 15.49, β 113.5°, n = 8, monoclinic P21/c, no piezo effect, k8 0.74; 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2Br: a = b = 14.28, c 3.99, n = 4, tetragonal P4̅21m, piezo effect present, k4 0.74; 1,2,3-Br3C6H3: a 13.03, b 8.29, c 15.56, β 113°, n = 8, monoclinic P21/c, no piezo effect, k8 0.77; 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2I: a 4.05, b 21.69, c 9.78, β 101°21′, n = 4, monoclinic P21/c, no piezo effect, k4 0.74; 2,6-Br2C6H3I: a 13.45, b 8.50, c 7.83, β 112°, n = 4, monoclinic P21/a, no piezo effect, k8 0.74; 3,5,4-Br2IC6H2NO2: a 9.06, b 20.11, c 10.3, β 91°, n = 8, monoclinic P21/a, k8 0.73; 3,4,5-I3C6H2NO2: a 7.28, b 17.43, c 16.72, β 91°30′, n = 8, monoclinic P21/c, no piezo effect, k8 0.69; 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NO2: a 8.87, b 12.32, c 7.87, β 109°, n = 4, monoclinic A2/a, no piezo effect, k4 0.68; 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH2: a 16.58, b 3.90, c 13.74, β 117°, n = 4, monoclinic P21, piezo effect present, k4 0.66; 2,6,4-Cl2(O2N)C6H2NH2.HCl: a 3.72, b 17.86, c 23.84, β 93°, n = 8, monoclinic P21/c, no piezo effect, k8 0.78; 2,6-Br2C6H3NH2: a 16.43, b 4.43, c 10.31, n = 4, rhombic P212121, piezo effect present, k4 0.68; 2,6,4-I2(O2N)C6H2OMe (α form): a 15.25, b 16.35, c 8.43, β 98°50′, n = 8, monoclinic C2/c, no piezo effect, k8 0.70; (β form): a 15.48, b 16.31, c 4.23, n = 4, rhombic, P, no piezo effect, k4 0.69.

Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya published new progress about Crystal structure. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, COA of Formula: C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yao, Wang; Wang, Hao; Zeng, Jing; Wan, Qian published the artcile< Practical synthesis of 2-deoxy sugars via metal free deiodination reactions>, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is solvent effect iodination deiodination dilauroyl peroxide catalyst glycoside preparation; deoxyglycoside preparation reductive deiodination lauroyl peroxide catalyst glycoside preparation.

2-Deoxy-glycosides, in which the C-2 hydroxyl group is replaced with a hydrogen atom, are important motifs in numerous bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical mols. Herein, an improved dilauroyl peroxide-mediated radical deiodination reaction by using cyclohexane and Et acetate as co-solvent is reported. This is an environmentally benign protocol, which operates smoothly under mild conditions and allows efficient preparation of a series of 2-deoxy-glycosides in up to 98% yields.

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry published new progress about Deiodination. 4098-06-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C12H16O7, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safri, Ahmad Yanuar; Gaff, Jessica; Octaviana, Fitri; Setiawan, Denise Dewanto; Imran, Darma; Cherry, Catherine L.; Laws, Simon M.; Price, Patricia published the artcile< Brief Report: Demographic and Genetic Associations With Markers of Small and Large Fiber Sensory Neuropathy in HIV Patients Treated Without Stavudine>, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is demog genetic association fiber sensory neuropathy HIV Stavudine.

Neurotoxic antiretroviral therapy (ART) such as stavudine has been now replaced with safer therapies, reducing the prevalence of neuropathy from 34% to 15% in HIV+ Indonesians. However, it is unclear whether the residual cases display damage to small or large nerve fibers and whether both are influenced by known risk factors, including alleles of CAMKK2 associated with neuropathy in HIV patients. The encoded protein influences the growth and repair of nerve fibers. HIV-pos. adults on ART for >12 mo without exposure to stavudine were screened for neuropathy using the AIDS Clin. Trials Group Brief Peripheral Neuropathy Screen (BPNS). Large fiber neuropathy was assessed by nerve conduction (NC) and small fiber neuropathy using stimulated skin wrinkling (SSW) applied to the fingers. CAMKK2 alleles were assessed by TaqMan OpenArray technol. Neuropathy diagnoses were more common with SSW than BPNS (49/173 vs 26/185, X2; P = 0.0009), with poor alignment between these outcomes (P = 0.60). NC and BPNS diagnosed neuropathy at similar frequencies (29/151 vs 26/185; P = 0.12) and were aligned (P < 0.0001). In bivariate analyzes, all diagnoses were associated with patients' age and persistent HIV replication, with minor effects from CD4 T-cell counts and time on ART. CAMKK2 alleles associated with neuropathy diagnosed with BPNS and SSW but not NC. Multivariable analyzes confirmed the importance of age and HIV replication, with distinct CAMKK2 polymorphisms affecting BPNS and SSW. Paradoxically, height was protective against skin wrinkling. Overall the data link CAMKK2 genotypes with small rather than large fiber damage. SSW may reflect pathol. distinct from that identified using BPNS. JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes published new progress about Homo sapiens. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ma, Xiaotian; Zhang, Yao; Song, Zijia; Yu, Kun; He, Changliu; Zhang, Xu published the artcile< Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and properties of polyol ester biolubricant produced from Rhodotorula glutinis lipid>, SDS of cas: 112-63-0, the main research area is Rhodotorula glutinis polyol ester biolubricant lipid enzyme catalysis.

Biolubricants do not cause the environmental pollution resulting from the manufacturing and use of mineralbased lubricants, but the commonly adopted chem. method of preparing biolubricants using expensive vegetable oils as raw materials is still environmentally and economically unsatisfactory. In this study, R. glutinis lipid with a high oleic-acid content was esterified with trimethylolpropane (TMP) by using the Candida sp. 99-125 enzyme in a solvent-free system, and the effect of the microbial oil with the high oleic-acid content on the performance of resulting biolubricants was investigated. The purpose of this study was to solve the problems of pollution caused by the chem. synthesis of biolubricants and of the uneconomical use of vegetable oils as raw materials. Further, this study aimed to improve the performance of biolubricants by using the microbial lipid with a high oleic-acid content. As a result of optimization of the reaction conditions, the yield of trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester (TFAT) reached 89.5%. The synthesized biolubricants had excellent low-temperature lubrication performance (pour point = – 45°C), and the physicochem. performance reached the ISOVG-46 grade. The results of the high-frequency reciprocating friction test (HRFT) show that the products have better tribol. properties than mineral-based lubricants of the same viscosity grade (friction coefficient = 0.085; average wear scar diameter = 187μm).

Biochemical Engineering Journal published new progress about Biorheology. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, SDS of cas: 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics