Ferretti, Francesco; Barraco, Edoardo; Gatti, Claudia; Ramadan, Doaa R.; Ragaini, Fabio published the artcile< Palladium/iodide catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of aniline to diphenylurea: Effect of ppm amounts of iron salts>, Quality Control of 112-63-0, the main research area is aniline palladium iodide catalyst oxidative carbonylation; diphenylurea preparation.
The palladium/iodide couple was the most investigated catalytic system for the oxidative carbonylation of amines to give ureas or carbamates. In reinvestigating it was found that the most prominent role of iodide is to etch the stainless steel of the autoclave employed in most of previous works, releasing in solution small amounts of iron salts. The latter were much better promoters than iodide itself. Iron and iodide had a complex interplay and depending on relative ratios, can even deactivate each other. The presence of a halide was beneficial, but chloride was better than iodide in this respect. The ideal Fe/Pd ratio is around 10, but even an equimolar amount of iron with respect to palladium (0.02 mol% with respect to aniline, corresponding to 12 ppm Fe with respect to the whole solution) was sufficient to boost the activity of the catalytic system. Such small amount may also come from Fe(CO)5 impurities present in the CO gas when stored in steel tanks. The role of the solvent was also investigated. It was found that the reason for the better selectivity in some cases was at least in part due to a hydrolysis of the solvent itself, which removed the coproduced water.
Journal of Catalysis published new progress about Anilines Role: RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Quality Control of 112-63-0.
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