Month: September 2022

HPLC of Formula: 4707-47-5In 2021, Kalra, Rishu;Conlan, Xavier A.;Areche, Carlos;Dilawari, Rahul;Goel, Mayurika published 《Metabolite profiling of the indian food spice lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea combined with optimisedextraction methodology to obtain bioactive phenolic compounds》. 《Frontiers in Pharmacology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodol. with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of lichen P. furfuracea. Two phenolic compounds, atraric acid and olivetoric acid were isolated and quantified in their resp. extracts with the aid of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatog. (RP-HPLC). The highest concentration of both the compounds, atraric acid (4.89 mg/g DW) and olivetoric acid (11.46 mg/g DW) were found in 70% methanol extract A direct correlation was also observed between the concentrations of these compounds with the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts which might contribute towards the antioxidant potential of the extract Moreover, SEM and HPLC anal. which was used to study the effect of pre-processing on extraction process highlighted the capacity of a mixer grinder technique for improved separation of surface localized metabolites and enrichment of the fraction. An investigation of the chem. profile of the bioactive extract 70% methanol extract using UHPLC-DAD-MS lead to tentative identification of forty nine compounds This extract was also assessed towards HEK 293 T cell line for cytotoxicity anal. Concentration range of 0.156 to 100 μg/mL of PF70M extract exhibited no significant cell death as compared to control. Further, the active extract showed protective effect against hydroxyl radical′s destructive effects on DNA when assessed using DNA nicking assay. Based upon this, it can be concluded that optimization of extraction solvent, sample pre-processing and extraction techniques can be useful in extraction of specific antioxidant metabolites. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) .

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.HPLC of Formula: 4707-47-5

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Feng, Chengliang;Yan, Bin;Yin, Guibo;Chen, Junqing;Ji, Min published 《Fe(ClO₄)₃·H₂O-Catalyzed Ritter Reaction: A Convenient Synthesis of Amides from Esters and Nitriles》. The research results were published in《Synlett》 in 2018.Product Details of 93-92-5 The article conveys some information:

An efficient and inexpensive method was developed for the synthesis of N-substituted amides RC(O)NHR¹ [R = Me, cyclopropyl, Ph, etc.; R¹ = t-Bu, c-hexyl, Bn, etc.] via Fe(ClO₄)₃·H₂O-catalyzed Ritter reaction of nitriles with esters. Fe(ClO₄)₃·H₂O was an economically efficient catalyst for Ritter reaction under solvent-free conditions and provided the corresponding amides in high to excellent yields. And 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) was used in the research process.

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Product Details of 93-92-5 It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Youn, Ui Joung;So, Jae Eun;Kim, Ji Hee;Han, Se Jong;Park, Hyun;Kim, Il Chan;Yim, Jung Han published 《Chemical constituents from the Antarctic lichen, Stereocaulon caespitosum》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》. They have made some progress in their research.Name: Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate The article mentions the following:

A phytochem. study of the methanol extract of the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon caespitosum Redgr. led to the isolation of a tridepside (1), two depsides (2 and 3), a montagnetol derivative (4), and four mono-phenolic compounds (5-8). The structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1D- and 2D-NMR (NMR) experiments, as well as by comparison with published values. This is the first phytochem. study of S. caespitosum. In particular, compounds 1, 3, 4, and 8 have been isolated for the first time from the genus Stereocaulon and the family Stereocaulaceae. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds is discussed. To complete the study, the researchers used Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) .

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Name: Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Meyer, Lars-Erik;Gummesson, Anja;Kragl, Udo;von Langermann, Jan published 《Development of Ionic Liquid-Water-Based Thermomorphic Solvent (TMS)-Systems for Biocatalytic Reactions》. The research results were published in《Biotechnology Journal》 in 2019.Reference of 1-Phenylethyl acetate The article conveys some information:

The applicability of ionic liquid-water-based thermomorphic solvent (TMS)-systems with an upper critical solution temperature for homogeneous biocatalysis is investigated. Cholinium- and imidazolium-based ionic liquids are used to facilitate a temperature-dependent phase change, which can be easily fine-tuned by adding salts or polar organic solvents. Within the TMS-system, a high enzymic activity and subsequent full conversion is achieved in the intermittent monophasic reaction system of the TMS-system. Therefore, the biocatalyst can be easily recycled after separating the phases at lower temperatures The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) .

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Reference of 1-Phenylethyl acetate It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Wen-Qing;Yu, Zhong-Na;Ho, Harvey;Wang, Jun;Wang, Yu-Tao;Fan, Rong-Bo;Han, Rong-Wei published 《Analysis of veterinary drug residues in pasteurized milk samples in Chinese milk bars》. The research results were published in《Journal of Food Protection》 in 2020.COA of Formula: C15H28O2 The article conveys some information:

The objective of this study was to investigate the safety of PM from a total of 182 PM samples collected from milk bars from 10 provincial capital cities and to analyze the residues of seven classes of 61 veterinary drugs. First, the chem. components were screened with test kits, and then the pos. samples were further confirmed by ultraperformance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that 15 (8.24%) samples were screened pos. for veterinary drugs, and six drugs in 11 (6.04%) samples were confirmed. The veterinary drugs detected were penicillin G (2.20%), tetracycline (1.10%), tylosin (1.10%), amoxicillin (0.55%), oxytetracycline (0.55%), and gentamicin (0.55%), with maximum residue levels of 3.4, 11.9, 28.2, 3.0, 26.9, and 63.5μg kg-1, resp. Veterinary drug residues were detected as pos. in 7 of 10 cities, with the highest detection rate as 14.29% in Urumqi. No pos. samples were found in the cities of Nanjing, Tianjin, and Nanning. All detected drug levels were far below the maximum residue levels regulated by China, the European Union, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. This suggests that the overall veterinary drug residues in PM in milk bars reached the safety code of the country. However, potential risks still exist, and continuous attention should be paid to guarantee the safety of this milk product in the future.Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica and Angelica archangelica.COA of Formula: C15H28O2 It is a macrocyclic lactone that can be used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient due to its musk flavor/odor.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thadhani, Vinitha M.;Mesaik, M. Ahmed;Asif, Muhammad;Karunaratne, Veranja;Choudhary, Iqbal M. published 《Immunomodulatory activities of some common lichen metabolites》. The research results were published in《International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences》 in 2015.Computed Properties of C10H12O4 The article conveys some information:

Objective: To evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of some of the common lichen compounds by using chemiluminescence based cellular assays. Methods:Number of secondary lichen metabolites, representing a breadth of lichen substances, was investigated for their effects on the respiratory burst of human whole blood phagocytes, isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and murine macrophages using luminol or lucigenin-based chemiluminescence probes. Results: This study identify a clear suppressive effect of some lichen metabolites on phagocytosis response upon activation with serum opsonized zymosan by several lichen substances. Amongst the compounds tested, orsellinic acid, Me orsellinate, Me haematomate, lecanoric acid and lobaric acid, showed a potent immunomodulatory activity as compared to the standards The lobaric acid suppressed both the myloperoxidase dependent and myloperoxidase independent, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in the oxidative burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) at the lowest concentration tested (3.1 μg/mL). Whereas, lecanoric acid, suppressed only the myloperoxidase dependent ROS production with IC50< 3.1 μg/mL when compared to the standard sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (SDT) (IC50 = 1.3 ± 0.2 μg/mL). Orsellinic acid, Me orsellinate and Me haematomate showed a selective myloperoxidase independent pathway with IC50 values; < 3.1μg/mL; 6.1 ± 1.0 μg/mL; 3.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL, resp., being lower as compared to standard SDT (IC50= 8.2 ± 1.9 μg/mL). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained it is appropriate to conclude that lichen are not only a good source of antioxidants, but also potent immunomodulators, and thus deserve to be investigated further.Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Computed Properties of C10H12O4

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sala, Martin;Makuc, Damjan;Kolar, Jana;Plavec, Janez;Pihlar, Boris published 《Potentiometric and ³¹P NMR studies on inositol phosphates and their interaction with iron(III) ions》 in 2011. The article was appeared in 《Carbohydrate Research》. They have made some progress in their research.Reference of rel-(1R,2r,3S,4R,5s,6S)-Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexayl hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate), dipotassium salt The article mentions the following:

Potentiometric, conductometric and ³¹P NMR titrations have been applied to study interactions between myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytic acid), (±)-myo-inositol 1,2,3,5-tetrakisphosphate and (±)-myo-inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate with iron(III) ions. Potentiometric and conductometric titrations of myo-inositol phosphates show that addition of iron increases acidity and consumption of hydroxide titrant. By increasing the Fe(III)/InsP₆ ratio (from 0.5 to 4) 3 mol of protons are released per 2 mol of iron(III). At first, phytates coordinate iron octahedrally between P2 and P1,3. The second coordination site represents P5 and neighboring P4,6 phosphate groups. Complexation is accompanied with the deprotonation of P1,3 and P4,6 phosphate oxygens. At higher concentration of iron(III) intermol. P-O-Fe-O-P bonds trigger formation of a polymeric network and precipitation of the amorphous Fe(III)-InsP₆ aggregates. ³¹P NMR titration data complement the above results and display the largest chem. shift changes at pD values between 5 and 10 in agreement with strong interactions between iron and myo-inositol phosphates. The differences in T₁ relaxation times of phosphorous atoms have shown that phosphate groups at positions 1, 2 and 3 are complexated with iron(III). The interactions between iron(III) ions and inositol phosphates depend significantly on the metal to ligand ratio and an attempt to coordinate more than two irons per InsP₆ mol. results in an unstable heterogeneous system. And rel-(1R,2r,3S,4R,5s,6S)-Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexayl hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate), dipotassium salt (cas: 129832-03-7) was used in the research process.

rel-(1R,2r,3S,4R,5s,6S)-Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexayl hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate), dipotassium salt (cas:129832-03-7) is also known as Inositol hexakisphosphate. Phytic acid dipotassium salt is a potent chelator of divalent and trivalent cations, and a major determinant of zinc bioavailability.Reference of rel-(1R,2r,3S,4R,5s,6S)-Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexayl hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate), dipotassium salt

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electric Literature of C15H28O2In 2022, Lee, Woorim;Shin, Jaedon;Lee, Minju;Choi, Yegyun;Son, Heejong;Lee, Yunho published 《Elimination efficiency of synthetic musks during the treatment of drinking water with ozonation and UV-based advanced oxidation processes》. 《Science of the Total Environment》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

This study investigated the reaction kinetics and elimination efficiency of eleven synthetic musks during ozonation and UV254nm-based, advanced oxidation processes. The synthetic musks containing olefin moieties with electron-donating alkyl substituents such as octahydro tetra-Me naphthalenyl ethanone (OTNE) and ambrettolide (AMBT) showed high reactivity toward ozone (k ≥ 3.7 x 105 M-1 s-1) and free available chlorine (FAC) (k = 9.2 – 88 M-1 s-1), while all other synthetic musks were less ozone reactive (k = 0.3 – 560 M-1 s-1) and FAC-refractory. All synthetic musks showed high •OH reactivity (k > 5 x 109 M-1 s-1), except musk ketone (MK) (k = 2.3 x 109 M-1 s-1). In concordance with the kinetic information, OTNE and AMBT were efficiently eliminated (>97%) in simulated ozone treatments of drinking water at a specific ozone dose of 0.5 gO3/gDOC. The elimination levels of the other synthetic musks were below 50% at 0.5 gO3/gDOC. The fluence-based UV photolysis rate constant of the synthetic musks was determined to be (0.2 – 2.7) x 10-3 cm2/mJ. The elimination levels of synthetic musks during UV alone treatment ranged from 7 to 81% at a UV fluence of 500 mJ/cm2. The addition of 10 mg/L H2O2 (UV/H2O2) significantly enhanced the elimination of most synthetic musks (achieving >90% elimination at 500 mJ/cm2), indicating that the •OH reaction was mainly responsible for their elimination. The addition of 10 mg/L FAC (UV/FAC) also significantly enhanced the elimination of olefinic and aromatic synthetic musks (>90%), for which the reaction with ClO• was mainly responsible. For MK and two alkyl synthetic musks, their elimination during UV/FAC treatment was still limited (28 – 64%) and was mainly achieved by UV photolysis or reaction with •OH. In summary, this study substantiates the chem. kinetics approach as a helpful tool for predicting or interpreting the elimination of micropollutants during oxidative water treatment. And Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) was used in the research process.

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica and Angelica archangelica.Electric Literature of C15H28O2 It is a macrocyclic lactone that can be used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient due to its musk flavor/odor.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gu, Yuanyun;Zhang, Zhen;Wang, Yan-En;Dai, Ziteng;Yuan, Yaqi;Xiong, Dan;Li, Jie;Walsh, Patrick J.;Mao, Jianyou published 《Benzylic Aroylation of Toluenes Mediated by a LiN(SiMe₃)₂/Cs⁺ System》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Organic Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Reference of Methyl 3-methylbenzoate The article mentions the following:

Chemoselective deprotonative functionalization of benzylic C-H bonds is challenging, because the arene ring contains multiple aromatic C(sp²)-H bonds, which can be competitively deprotonated and lead to selectivity issues. Recently it was found that bimetallic [MN(SiMe₃)₂ M = Li, Na]/Cs⁺ combinations exhibit excellent benzylic selectivity. Herein, is reported the first deprotonative addition of toluenes to Weinreb amides mediated by LiN(SiMe₃)₂/CsF for the synthesis of a diverse array of 2-arylacetophenones. Surprisingly, simple Me benzoates also react with toluenes under similar conditions to form 2-arylacetophenones without double addition to give tertiary alc. products. This finding greatly increases the practicality and impact of this chem. Some challenging substrates with respect to benzylic deprotonations, such as fluoro and methoxy substituted toluenes, are selectively transformed to 2-aryl acetophenones. The value of benzylic deprotonation of 3-fluorotoluene is demonstrated by the synthesis of a key intermediate in the preparation of Polmacoxib.Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) is a common ester.Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids.Reference of Methyl 3-methylbenzoate Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Deng, Yifan;Yang, Chia-Ping H.;Smith, Amos B. III published 《Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Peniciketals A and B: Two Architecturally Complex Spiroketals》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》. They have made some progress in their research.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate The article mentions the following:

The enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-peniciketals A and B (I and II, resp.), two members of a family of architecturally complex spiroketals, have been achieved. Key synthetic transformations comprise Type I Anion Relay Chem. (ARC) to construct the benzannulated [6,6]-spiroketal skeleton, a Negishi cross-coupling/olefin cross-metathesis reaction sequence to generate the trans-enone structure, and a late-stage large fragment union exploiting our recently developed photoisomerization/cyclization tactic. To complete the study, the researchers used Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) .

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics